Wax patterns in FPD /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
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Dental Ceramics and Porcelain fused to metal isabel
Dental porcelain (also known as dental ceramic) is a dental material used to create biocompatible lifelike dental restorations, such as crowns, bridges, and veneers.
Wax patterns in FPD /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Dental Ceramics and Porcelain fused to metal isabel
Dental porcelain (also known as dental ceramic) is a dental material used to create biocompatible lifelike dental restorations, such as crowns, bridges, and veneers.
Relining & rebasing / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This presentation provide brief information about different types of cements in Dentistry. also you will find information about cementation tips and techniques. Recent resin cements are also included in this presentation
This seminar is of postgraduate level, which will be helpful for students. The presenter has added the information from various sources and the references are quoted in the last few slides of the seminar to gather more information about the seminar.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Relining & rebasing / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This presentation provide brief information about different types of cements in Dentistry. also you will find information about cementation tips and techniques. Recent resin cements are also included in this presentation
This seminar is of postgraduate level, which will be helpful for students. The presenter has added the information from various sources and the references are quoted in the last few slides of the seminar to gather more information about the seminar.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Metal free ceramics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
Dental Courses by Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Metal free ceramics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Recent advances in dental porcelain materials / cosmetic dentistry coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Evolution of Dental ceramic restorations /certified fixed orthodontic course...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Biomaterials in dental implants 12 /orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
3. Definition
• Dental porcelain is a dental material used by dental technicians to
create biocompatible lifelike dental restorations, such as crowns,
bridges, and veneers. Evidence suggests they are an effective material
as they are biocompatible, aesthetic, insoluble and have a hardness.
• Ceramics is inorganic, non-metallic materials, which are typically
crystalline in nature, and are compounds formed between metallic and
nonmetallic elements such as aluminum & oxygen (alumina - Al2O3),
calcium & oxygen (calcia-CaO), silicon & nitrogen (nitride- Si3N4).
4. 1. Their use in dentistry dates as far back as 1889
when Charles H. Land patented the all-porcelain
“jacket” crown. This new type of ceramic crown
was introduced in 1900s.
The procedure consisted of rebuilding the
missing tooth with a porcelain covering, or
“jacket” as Land called it.
The porcelain “jacket” crown (PJC) was used
extensively until the 1950s. It was not strong
and breakable.
2. Porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crown was
developed in the late 1950s by Abraham
Weinstein.
The bond between the metal and porcelain
prevented stress cracks from forming.
The addition of a metal block-out opaque layer
diminished the esthetics of these restorations.
A History of Dental Ceramics
5. The process involved the use of the lost-wax
casting technique, which produced a casted glass
restoration. Then, this was heat-treated. The
resultant crown was shaded with an application
of a superficial color layer.
The processing difficulties and high incidence of
fracture were factors that led to the abandonment
of this system.
4. Another development in the 1950s by Corning
Glass Works led to the creation of the castable
crown system.
Although it had twice the strength of the
traditional PJC, it still could be used in the
anterior region only (due to its lower strength). Its
higher opacity was also major drawback.
W. McLean and T.H. Hughes developed this new
version of the porcelain jacket crown that had an
inner core of aluminous porcelain containing
40% to 50% alumina crystals.
3. A resurgence of an all-ceramic restoration came
in 1965 with the addition of industrial aluminous
porcelain (more than 50%) to feldspathic
porcelain manufacturing.
6. This core consisted of 99.9% alumina to which a
feldspathic ceramic was layered. The use of
CAD/CAM technology spurred a whole new
generation of ceramic substructures consisting of
zirconium dioxide.
One study found to have a superior marginal fit
provide a framework with sufficient flexural
strength, allowing them to be used for multi-unit
posterior bridges.
6. In the mid 1990s Nobel Biocare introduced the
Procer AllCeram core, which was the first
(CAD/CAM) substructure.
This process of pressing ceramic ingots became
very popular due to the esthetics and ease of use
in the laboratory. Despite the increase in strength
of, but fracture was still possible when used in
the posterior region.
The initial steps for fabrication for Empress and
OPC in which the restoration was formed in wax
then a heated leucite-reinforced ceramic ingot
was pressed into the mold using a specially
designed pressing furnace.
5. Ceramics Empress I and optimal pressable
glass (OPC) were introduced in the late 1980s
and were the first pressable ceramic materials.
7. 8. Authentic, a second-generation, low-fusing,
high-expansion, leucite glass-reinforced
ceramic material, was introduced into the
European market in 1998 by Ceramay GmbH
& Co and later that year was introduced to the
US market by Microstar.
A 5-year study revealed a 70% success rate when
used as a fixed partial denture framework.
The frame-work was layered with a veneering
ceramic specially designed for the lithium
disilicate.
7. In 1998 IPS Empress II introduced , which was
a lithium disilicate ceramic material used as a
single- and multiple-unit framework indicated for
the anterior region.
8. The flexural strength of the material was found to be more than 170% higher
than any of the currently used leucite-reinforced ceramics. The ceramic
material can be milled or waxed, and then pressed to full contour and
subsequently stained. Another option allows for cutting the crown back,
followed with layering with different specially designed apatite ceramic glass.
9. Lithium disilicate re-emerged in 2006 as a pressable ingot and partially
crystalized milling block.
The layering ceramic has the same basic components as natural tooth enamel.
10. Physical properties:
1. Have good compressive strength(strong bond).
2. High hardness.
3. The nature, amount, particle size and coefficient of thermal expansion of
crystalline phases influence the mechanical and optical properties of the materials.
Dental ceramics possesses very good resistance to the compressive stresses,
however, they are very poor under tensile and shear stresses.
4. This imparts brittle nature to the ceramic and tend to fracture under tensile
stresses.
11. biological properties:
-Dental ceramics exhibit excellent biocompatibility with the oral soft tissues.
thermal properties:
1. Coefficient Of thermal expansion similar to that of enamel and dentine.
2. Low thermal diffusivity.
12. Types
1. Metal-ceramic restoration (MCR):
These restorations are composed of:
Metal substructure (Coping) supporting
a ceramic veneer those are chemically
and mechanically-bonded together.
13. 2. All-Ceramic restoration:
All-Ceramic crowns are cosmetic dental
restorations used to cap or completely cover
a tooth being restored. All-Ceramic crowns are
translucent and are the most naturally looking
tooth replacement. does not contain metal
substructures.
17. Advantages
1. Good esthetic.
2. Long lasting material.
3. Ceramic restorations have the ability to mimic the reflective quality of original
teeth, allowing all-ceramic crowns to blend with surrounding teeth.
4. Fracture resistance.
5. Tooth and implant supported.
18. Disadvantages
1. Sensitivity may occur to hot and cold.
2. Brittle material leads to porcelain chipping.
3. Bacteria can be accomplished with poor adaptation and fitting.
4. Allergic reaction may occur to MCR restorations.
5. Fixed restorations more expensive than any restorations.
19. MCR troubleshooting
Failure Reason
1)Fracture during bisque bake - Improper condensation.
- Improper moisture control.
- Poor framework design.
- Incompatible metal-porcelain combination.
2) Bubbles - Too many firings
- Air entrapment during building of restoration.
- Improper moisture control.
- Poor metal preparation.
- Poor casting technique.
3) Unsatisfactory appearance - Poor communication with technician.
- Inadequate tooth reduction.
- Opaque too thick.
- Excessive firing.
4) Clinical fracture - Poor framework design.
- Centric stops too close to metal – ceramic interface.
- Improper metal preparation.