Class 9th population chapter ppt

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Population
Class – IX [Geography]
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● People interact with resources and create
social and cultural environment.
● People themselves are resources with
varying quality.
Relatio
n

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Cens
us
● First census was held in 1872.
● First complete census was taken in the year 1881.
A census is an official enumeration of population done periodically. It is a
comprehensive source of demographic, social and economic data.
Cens
us

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❖ National population policy 2000 and its relation with Adolescent population.
● By Numbers
● By Density
● What is population growth?
● Processes of population
change/growth.
● Age composition
● Sex ratio
● Literacy rates
● Occupational structure
● Health
❖ Major questions about population are:
Population size &
distribution
Population growth and
processes of population
change
Characteristics or
qualities of the population

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● [199 Million population size] =
Uttar
Pradesh
●
●
Sikkim [0.6 Million population size] = The Least populous
state of India. Lakshadweep has only 64,429 people.
● Most populous state of India
● Accounts for about 16 percent
of the country’s population.
India’s Population Size and Distribution by Numbers
India’s
Population
As on December 2022 = 1,413,051,497 [Accounts for 17.5 per cent of the world’s
population]
❖ 1.21 billion people are unevenly distributed over our country’s vast area of
3.28 million square km [2.4 percent of the world’s area]
According to 2011 census data

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❖ Almost half of India’s population lives in just five states.
❖ Rajasthan, the biggest state in terms of area, has
only 5.5 per cent of the country’s population.
● Uttar Pradesh
● Maharashtra
● Bihar
● West Bengal
● Andhra Pradesh
Wh
y
Fig 6.1 : India’s Share of World’s Area and Population

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Population density is
the number of
person per unit
area.
Only Bangladesh and
Japan have higher
average population
densities than India.
❖ The population density of India in the year 2011 was 464
per person per sq km.
❖ 1,102 person per sq km in Bihar.
❖ 17 person per sq km in Arunachal Pradesh.
❖ State below the population density below 250 person per
square km have rugged terrain and unfavorable climatic
conditions.
❖ Identify the state with different population density on map.
Varies from area to area
India’s Population Distribution by Density
Provides a better picture for uneven distribution of population.
Density

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❖ Population Growth is a dynamic phenomenon
Population Growth
Change in the number of inhabitants of a country/territory during a period of time.
Influenced by the interaction of the processes.
● Births
● Deaths
● Migrations
Expressed in two ways:
● Absolute numbers
● Percentage
Population Growth and Processes of Population change

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Population Growth
The Rate or the pace of population growth
It studies the percent of population increase per annum.
Annual Growth Rate
❖ The Annual growth may decline but the absolute numbers would always increase.
E.g. Since 1981, growth rate declined but the absolute number increased.

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● It is the number of
live births per
thousand person in
a year.
● Birth rates have
always been higher
than death rates.
● It is the number
of deaths per
thousand
persons in a year.
● It is the movement of
people across regions
and territories.
● Migration can be:
➔ Internal (within the country)
➔ International (between the
countries)
Processes of Population changes/Growth
❖ Three main processes of change of population : Birth rate, death rate and
migration.
❖ The natural increase of population is the difference between birth rates
and death rates.
Birth Rate Death Rate Migration

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Processes of Population changes/Growth

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● Poverty
● Unemployment
● Employment
● Better living
conditions
Impact of Migration of the population
Internal Migration does not changes the size of the population
But influence the composition and distribution of population.
❖ Migration is mostly rural to urban areas because of the Push and Pull
factors.

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Migration
Impact on population size as well as on the population
composition in urban and rural population.
Example : The urban population has increased from
17.29 per cent of the total population in 1951 to 31.80
per cent in 2011.
There has been a significant increase in the number
of ‘million plus cities’ from 35 to 53 in just one
decade, i.e., 2001 to 2011.

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● A person’s age influences what he/she needs, buys, does and his/her capacity
to perform.
● Determinants of the population’s social and economic structure.
Age Composition
❖ The number of people in different age groups in a country.
Importance

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❖ The population of a nation is generally classified into three main categories.
Children
Working
age
Aged
● Generally below 15
years
● Economically
unproductive and
dependent group.
● 15 – 59 years
● Economically productive and
biologically reproductive.
● Makes up the working
population.
● Above 59 years
● Exceptionally
economically
productive
● Not available for
employment through
recruitment.

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❖ The percentage of children
and the aged affect the
dependency ratio because
these groups are not
producers.
India: Age composition

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● Equality between male and female.
● Sex ratio has always remained
unfavourable to females.
What could be the reasons for such variations?
•Kerala has a sex ratio of 1084 females
per 1000 males, Puducherry has 1038
females for every 1000 males, while
Delhi has only 866 females per 1000
males and Haryana has just 877.
Sex Ratio
❖ Number of Females per 1000 males in
the population.
Important social indicator.

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Who is Literate?
➔ A person aged 7 years and above, who can read and write with
understanding in any language, is treated a literate.
❖ An informed and educated citizen can make intelligent choices and undertake
research and development projects.
❖ Low level of literacy is a serious obstacle for economic improvement.
❖ Literacy Rate of the country.
As per the census of 2011, 73 percent is the literacy rate.
● 80.9 percent for males
● 64.6 percent for females
Literacy Rates

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The distribution of population according to different
type of occupation is referred to as occupational
structure. It explains where and how much
population of the country is engaged in which
occupation.
Includes agriculture
animal husbandry,
forestry, fishing, mining
and quarrying etc.
Includes manufacturing
industries, building and
construction work.
Includes transport,
communication,
commerce,
administration and
other services.
Occupational Structure
Meaning
❖ Occupations are generally classified:
Primary Secondary Tertiary

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➢ Primary sector = 64 percent of population is engaged in this sector.
➢ Secondary sector = 13 percent of population is engaged in this
sector.
➢ Tertiary sector = 20 percent of population is engaged in this sector.
➔ Over the period of time, a shift in favour of Secondary and Tertiary sector
is observed.
● High proportion of people are
working in secondary and
Higher proportion of
workforce is engaged in
tertiary
Primary activities.
❖ Proportion of people working in different activities varies in developed
and developing countries.
❖ Developed Countries Developed Countries

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Life expectancy at birth has increased from 36.7 years in 1951 to 67.9 years in
2012.
❖ Improvement in public health, prevention of infectious diseases and application
of modern medicine practices in diagnosis and treatment of ailments is reason
for all this betterment in health conditions.
Healthy population will contribute more in the development.
❖ Government programmes have registered significant improvements in the health
Conditions of the Indian population.
➔ Decline in the death rate [25 per 1000 in 1951 to 7.2 per 1000 in 2011]
➔
Health
Health Affects the process of development.

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❖ Despite considerable achievements, there are some challenges in securing
better health conditions such as:
● Per capita caloric consumption is much below the recommended
levels.
● Large population is suffering from malnutrition.
● Safe drinking water and basic sanitation amenities are
available to only one-third of the rural population.
∴An appropriate population policy is the need of hour to tackle these problems.
Is there any such policy?

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● Proportion of the population, grouped in the age group of 10 to 19 years.
❖ Adolescent population constitutes one-fifth of the total population of India.
Poor nutrition can lead to deficiency and
stunted growth
Inadequate nutrients in Indian Diet.
❖ Nutritional requirement of
adolescents is higher than of a
normal child or adult.
Most important resource for the future
Adolescent Population
Who are Adolescent?

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Due to the insufficient and improper
diet.
A large number of girls suffer from anaemia.
❖ The Adolescent girls have to be sensitised to the problems they confront.
❖ Awareness among them can be improved through the spread of literacy and
education.

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Need?
National Population Policy
Planning of families would improve individual health and welfare
∴Government of India initiated a Family Planning Programme [1952]
comprehensive
Family Welfare Programme
Sought to promote responsible and planned
parenthood on a voluntary basis.

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National Population Policy 2000
● Provides a policy framework for imparting free and
compulsory school education upto 14 years of age.
● Reducing infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live
births.
● Achieving universal immunisation of children against all
vaccine preventable diseases.
● Promoting delayed marriage for girls.
● Making family welfare a people-centred programme.

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❖ National Population Policy identified Adolescents as one of the major section.
Adolescent Population is future of country
A healthy, educated and skilled Adolescents means a healthy, educated and
skilled population. In future they will work for the development of country.
NPP 2000 and Adolescents
National Population Policy Adolescents
Relation

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❖ Taking Adolescents into consideration, NPP 2000 focuses on
the following:
● Protection from unwanted pregnancies and sexually
transmitted diseases [STDs].
● Encouraging delayed marriages strengthening legal measures to
prevent child marriage and childbearing.
● Educating adolescents about the risks of unprotected sex,
making contraceptive services accessible and affordable.
● Providing food supplements, nutritional services.
People are the nation’s most valuable resources. A well-educated,
healthy population provides potential power.

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New Development in Forestry
❖Homework questions

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33
Ques.1 Migrations change the number, distribution and composition of
the population in
(a) the area of departure (b) the area of arrival
(c) both the area of departure and arrival (d) none of the above
Ques.2 A large proportion of children in a population is a result of
(a) high birth rates (b) high life expectances
(c) high death rates (d) more married couples
Ques.3 What is the main cause for the high growth of our population?
(a) Rise in death rate (b) Decline of death rate
(c) Decline of birth rate (d) None of these

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34
Ques.4 In how many years is the official enumeration of population
carried out for census?
(a) 5 years (b) 16 years (c) 2 years (d) 10 years
Ques.5 Which state has the lowest population in India?
(a) Uttar Pradesh (b) Himachal Pradesh
(c) Sikkim (d) All of these

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New Development in Forestry
❖THANK YOU

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