4. Introduction …
What do you mean by Population ?
Why all the countries are facing this
population problem ?
Therefore, all the countries should take care
population growth if they seriously wish to
solve their poverty problem and put their
economy on the path of development .
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5. The three stages of Demographic
transition
1) Birth rate and Death rate are high
2) Decline in the death rate
3) Decline in the birth rate as well as in the
death rate.
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6. The Demographics of India
Population : 1,236,344,631 (July 2014 est.)[1]
(2nd)
Growth rate:1.51% (2009 est.) (93rd)
Birth rate: 20.22 births/1,000 population (2013
est.)
Death rate: 7.4 deaths/1,000 population (2013
est.)
Life expectancy: 68.89 years (2009 est.)
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7. Con…
• India is the second most populous country in
the world .
• It has more than a sixth of the world’s
population.
• India is projected to be the world’s most
populous country by 2025 surpassing China
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8. Con…
Currently India has more than 80% of its
population below the age of 25
65% are below the age of 35.
It is expected that in 2020, the average age
of an Indian will be 29 years
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10. Growth of India’s Population
Census Year Population in Crore Density of Population
1901 23.83 77
1951 36.11 117
1961 43.92 142
1971 54.82 177
1981 68.33 216
1991 84.64 267
2001 102.87 325
2011 121.02 382
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11. 140
120
100
80
60
40
20
Population in Crore
0 11
1901 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Population in Crore
12. Birth and Death Rate
• Population is a function of birth rate, death
rate and the level and direction of migration
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Year Birth rate per
1000 persons
Death rate per 1000 person
1950-51 39.9 27.4
1960-61 41.7 22.8
1970-71 36.9 14.9
1980-81 33.9 12.5
1990-91 29.5 9.8
2000-01 25.4 8.4
2010-11 22.1 7.2
13. Malthusian Theory of Population
• Thomas Robert Malthus
• Born
• 14 February 1766
Surrey, England
• Died
• 29 December 1834
(aged 68)
Bath, England
• Field
• Demography,
macroeconomics
• School/tradition
• Classical economics
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14. Con...
• According to Malthusian theory of population,
population increases in a geometrical ratio,
whereas food supply increases in an
arithmetic ratio.
• (geometric progression 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,
128, 256, and so forth. The arithmetic
progression 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and so on)
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15. Con..
• This disharmony would lead to widespread
poverty and starvation, which would only be
checked by natural occurrences such as disease,
high infant mortality, famine, war or moral
restraint.
• His theory was wrong because Malthus only
considered two factors when he established his
basic graph: food supply and population growth.
Other factors such as improvements in
technology proved him wrong. He was right at his
time but development made him wrong.
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16. India’s Population: The Future :
• Absolute level of
population
• Regional pattern
• Double burden of disease
• Urbanizations projections
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17. Con…
• Consequences for
economic growth
• Pressures on environment
• Political and administrative
challenges
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18. Causes of rapid growth of population
• The possible causes of an increase in the
population growth
a) High birth rate
b) Low death rate
c) Immigration
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19. Causes of Decline in the Mortality Rate
• Elimination of famines
• Control of Epidemics and decline
in the incidence of Malaria,
Tuberculosis etc.
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20. Causes of high birth rate:
Economic Factors
Predominance of Agriculture
Slow urbanization process and predominance of
villages
Poverty
Social Factors
Child Marriage
Religious and social superstitions
Joint Family System
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21. Population Growth as a factor of
Economic development
• No doubt that rapidly growth of population
makes a positive contribution to the economy.
But it is true that rapidly growing population
retards the process of development.
• It acts as a drag on economic resources.
•
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22. Let us see How population growth
creates several obstacles...
• Population and growth of national and per
capita income
• Population and food supply
• Output of food grain and per capita availability
of food grains
• Double burden of diseases
• Urbanizations Projections
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23. • Population and unemployment
• Population and burden of education, medical
care and housing.
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24. National Population Policy (2000)
The NDA Govt finally decided on15th
February 2000to adopt the national
population policy with a view to encourage
two-child norm and aim at stabilising the
population by 2046 A.D
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25. The Main Features of this policy are:
1. Reduction of infant mortality as well as maternal
mortality.
2. To, achieve 80 percent deliveries in regulate
dispensaries and hospitals
3. Access to information, containing AIDS,
preventation and control of communicable
diseases.
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26. Con…
4. Incentive to adopt two child small family
norm.
5. Strict enforcement of child marriage restrict
act .
6. A special reward for women who marry after
21.
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27. Definition of demographic dividend
• This dividend period generally lasts for a long time -
typically five decades or more. Eventually, however, the
reduced birth rate reduces the labour force growth.
Meanwhile, improvements in medicine and better health
practices leads to an ever-expanding elderly population,
sapping additional income and putting an end to the
demographic dividend.
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28. :Demographic dividend :
There has been an increase of 181.96 million
persons in absolute number of population in
India during 2001-11
Increase among males: 90.97 million
Increase among females: 90.99 million
Growth Rate of females (18.3%) is higher
than males (17.1%)
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29. Con…
•Population of India grew by 17.7% during
2001-11, against 21.5% in the previous decade
•Among the major States, highest decadal
growth in population has been recorded in
Bihar (25.4%)
•14 States/UTs have recorded population
growth above 20%.
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30. Sex Composition of Child Population
(0-6) – India 2011
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The total number of children in India is 164.5 millions,
about 660 thousand more than the number recorded in
2001
Male Child (0-6) population has increased whereas
Female Child population has decreased marginally
during 2001-11
8 States, viz. Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttar
Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram,
Meghalaya have proportion of child population more
than 15 percent.
32. Con…
Main Worker: Persons who worked for 6 months or more
during the reference year
Marginal Worker: Persons who worked for less than 6
months.
For the first time in Census 2011, the marginal workers
have been sub-divided in two categories, namely,
those worked for less than 3 months and those who
worked for 3 to 6 months
Non-Worker: Persons who did not work at all during the
reference period. Includes students, persons engaged in
household duties, dependents, pensioners,
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33. • Our population and our use of the finite
resources of planet Earth are growing
exponentially, along with our technical ability to
change the environment for good or ill.
By- Stephen Hawking
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