2. Learning Objectives:
• Feedback from Unit 1
• Course outline
• Define key population terms
• Describe global distribution patterns
• Analyse the factors
• Describe population milestones
3. Unit 2
This follows naturally from the study of
settlements.
• Look at patterns and trends in global population
• Examine key statistical indicators
• Examine different ways of representing these
statistics graphically
• Show how these vary in countries with differing
levels of economic development
• Explain the reasons for contrasts between these
countries
• Look at migration patterns
• Examine urban issues in developing and less
developed countries
4. Population key terms
• What are the key geographical concepts?
• Time, space and scale
• Population numbers, structures and
movements, change over time, space and scale
• Micro (local)
• Meso (regional)
• Macro (global)
5. Key terms
You need to match the 25 population
terms to their definitions
There are 25 of them
17. Can you work out a
dependency ratio
1. New Zealand total population 4,268,900
23% less than 16 and 12% more than 65.
What is there dependency ratio?
2. Here are some statistics on Japan’s
population, What is their dependency ratio?
18. Replacement ratio
In MEDCs
On average each
woman needs to
have 2.1 childern to
keep the population
size the same
In LEDCs the
number is
more like 2.3
Why is there this difference?
19. Migration balance
This the difference between the number of
people leaving (emigrants) and the number
of people arriving (immigrants)
- = Migration
Balance
20. Crude Birth and Death rates
• Crude rates tell you the number of
births and deaths in a country per 1000
members of the population.
• This is essential if we want to know
whether the population is growing or
shrinking (Natural Increase)
BUT THEY CAN BE MISLEADING…
21. Hungary
Population: 10 million
Births every year:
9,900
CBR=
Somalia
Population: 10 million
Births every year:
410,000
CBR=
The Crude Birth rate does not give us a great picture of the number of children
women are having in a country
Fertility rate gives us a better picture of how many children women are having at
any one time in a country
Fertility rate for Hungary 1.3 Fertility rate for Somalia 6.1
22. World population density
• This is a dot map to represent global population density and distribution. What
factors have influenced this distribution?
23. Construct a pie chart
• Land makes up 30% of the earths surface
• Of this, only 11% is habitable
• So where does everybody live?
• Where do they move from/to?
• Use these stats to construct a pie chart:
• 23% lacking minerals
• 28% too dry
• 11% habitable
• 6% permafrost
• 10% waterlogged
• 22% soil too thin
24. What factors influence this
distribution pattern?
Can we put them into two categories?
Discuss how each factor can influence distribution?
25. Population changes in time
• Populations are dynamic and constantly change over time and
space. Population change is another example of an open system
with inputs, processes and outputs.
births
immigrants emigrants
deaths
Natural
change
migration
26. Population milestones
• Estimated to be 500 million by 1650
• First billion reached in 1802
• Second billion in 1928 (after 126 years)
• 3 billion in 1961 (33 years)
• 6 billion in 1999 (a billion every 13 years)
• In 2010 – estimated that worlds population was still growing by
1.17% yearly
27. Population projections
Population division of the UN
Predicted the world population
in 2050 will be:
• 7.3m (low estimate)
• 8.9m (medium)
• 10.7m (high)
• By that time one third of the worlds
population is likely to live either in India or
China.
28. Home Study
1. Choose a country and produce a short
summary of how its population is
distributed
2. Attempt to produce an explanation of
the influencing factors involved in the
population density and distribution
This is due next Monday
