The document discusses key components of population dynamics: birth rate, death rate, total fertility rate, and migration. It provides global and Indian statistics on birth rate and death rate. Factors that influence high and low birth rates and death rates are also outlined. The total fertility rate is defined as the average number of children a woman would have over her lifetime. Determinants of high and low fertility rates are listed as well.

2. POPULATION DYNAMICS

3. Components of population dynamics
1.Birth rate
2.Death rate
3.Total fertility rate
4.Migration

4. lThe birth rate is the total number of lives per
1000 in a population in a year or period.
lThe birth rate is usually given as the number
of live births divided by the average
population
BIRTH RATE

5. • 19 births per 1000 .
• 131.4 million births per year
.
• 360000 births per day .
• 15000 births per hour.
World
l 19.3 births per 1000 .
l 2.6 crores births per year.
l 73 thousand births per year.
l 3 thousand births per hour.
India
Birth rate in india and world

6. Determinants of high birth rate
• Early marriage lead to women starting to bear
children at a younger age resulting in big families.
l Lack of public information on family planning .leads
to ignorance of the benefits of a small family.
l Preference for sons is prevalent especially in
developing countries where such tradition are still
important .thus women have children until they give
birth to sons thereby giving raise to large families.
l Illiteracy among people is also responsible for high
birth rate as they don't know about preventive
methods of pregnancy

7. Determinants of low birth rate
• Increase in education level( especially women).They
become career minded therefore delay marriage and
postpone marriage.
• The choice of more people to remain single.
• Fecundity: the physical ability of a woman to
reproduce .
• Environment : unhealthy environment for having
child or unfavorable conditions at the time of birth.
• More women go to school longer and enter the
workforce : therefore delay marriage and have
children later .

8. • The ratio of death to the population of a
particular periods of time ,usually calculated
as the number of death per thousand people
per year.
• The number of death per unit ,usually 1000 of
population in a given place and time .
Death rate

9. • 8 death per thousand.
• 55.3 million death per year.
• 15 lakh death per day .
• 6,316 death per thousand.
World
• 7.3 death per thousand.
• 97 lakh death per year.
• 26.5 thousand death per
day.
• 1,116 death per hour
India
Death Rate in India and world

10. Determinants of high death rate
• Insufficient nutrition.
• A high incidence of infectious disease.
• Drug addiction among pregnant women
• High birth rate among teenagers: since there
body is not fully developed for having child so
there is always a problem of low birth weights
which is most important factor in infant death.

11. Determinant of lower Death rate
• Increase food supplies and distribution .
• better nutrition to pregnant women and infant.
• Improvement in medical and public health such
as vaccination to mother and child during
pregnancy and at time of birth respectively.
• Safe water supply.
• Proper family planning.
• Educated mother.

13. Total fertility rate
• The number of children who would be born per
woman if she/ they were to pass through the
child bearing years bearing children according to
current schedule of age specific fertility rate.
• General fertility rate means number of live births
per 1000 woman between the age of 15 to 44
years.
• total fertility rate is 2.00 birth per woman while in
India it is 2.2 birth per woman

14. Determinants of high fertility rate
• Motivation factor: big family ,big status in
society
• Economic factor: poverty leads to illiteracy i.e
more children more income.
• Social factor: joint family ,security, joint
occupation
• Early marriage.
• Preference to male child.

15. Determinants of low fertility
• Quality of life
• Education.
• Population education.
• Use of contraceptives.
• Working parents.