The document summarizes the demographic transition and historical human population growth. It describes 4 stages: 1) Early hunter-gatherers had high birth and death rates with fluctuating population growth. 2) The rise of agriculture led to decreasing death rates and increasing population growth as health improved. 3) During industrialization, birth rates began decreasing as well due to family planning and women's roles while death rates remained low due to healthcare. 4) In high-tech eras, populations stabilized with low birth and death rates as family planning and medicine advanced.

2. Presented By-
Md. Tanvir Islam
Dr Ashraful Islam
Sheikh Jakia
Sultana
Tanjina Akhter
Tanmi
Most Angur Akter

3. Aim of this
presentation
• To explain human
population growth
historically
• To explain transition
of population
worldwide
• Try to see what will
happen in future

4. Introduction
Demographic and
epidemiologic changes that
have occurred in the last
five decades in many
developing countries and
that are characterized by
major growth in the
number and proportion of
middle-aged and elderly
persons and in the
frequency of the diseases
that occur in these age
groups. The health
transition is the result of
efforts to improve maternal
and child health via primary
care and outreach services
and such efforts have been
responsible for a decrease
in the birth rate; reduced
maternal mortality;
improved preventive
services; reduced infant
mortality, and the increased
life expectancy that defines
the transition.

5. Demographic
Transition
Demographic transition
(DT) refers to the transition
from high birth and death
rates to low birth and death
rates as a country develops
from a pre-industrial to an
industrialized economic
system.
The theory is based
on an interpretation of
demographic history
developed in 1929 by the
American demographer
Warren Thompson.

7. Human Population Growth Historically
Demographic Transition

8. Early Hunter
Gatherers

9.  Nomadic, With a
Strong Sense of the
Earth
 Crude Birth Rate: High
 Crude Death Rate:
High
 Rate of Natural
Increase: Fluctuating
Birth Rate is high due to:
• Lack of family planning
• High Infant Mortality
Rate
• Need for workers in
collecting of foods
• Religious beliefs
• Children as economic
assets
• Lack of future planning
about heath sector

10. Death Rate is high due to:
 Disease
 Animal Attack
 Famine
 Lack of clean water
and sanitation
 Lack of health care
 War
 Limited food supply
 Lack of education

11. Rise of
agriculture

12. • Necessary for Survival
• Animals became extinct
via predation and altered
habitat
• Humans began to
cultivate own food
• Crude Birth Rate: High
• Crude Death Rate:
Decreasing
• Rate of Natural Increase:
Increasing
Birth Rate remains high
due to:
• People are used to
having many children.
Takes time for culture to
change
• Religious beliefs
• Lack of family planning

13. Death Rate decreasing due
to:
• Improved hygiene
• Improve health care
system
• Improved sanitation
• Improved food
production and storage
• Improved transport for
food

14. Industrialization

15. • View of Children During
Early Phases of Industrial
Growth: Valued as cheap
source of income and
cheap labor, Exponential
growth of populations
• Population Control in
Medieval Societies
(Infanticide, Plagues etc.)
• Crude Birth Rate:
Decreasing
• Crude Death Rate:
Continues to decrease
• Rate of Natural Increase:
Increasing but at a slower
rate
Birth Rate decreasing due
to:
• Improve maternal and
child health
• Improvements in
contraceptive technology
• Changes in values about
children and sex
• Parents need fewer
children

16. • Rising costs of dependent
children to a family
• Valuation of women
beyond motherhood
• Working women have less
time to devote to child
rearing Death Rate low due to:
• Better Health Care
- Vaccinations
- Better understanding
of the spread of diseases
- Pre-natal care
- Control of
communicable diseases.
• Improved sanitation (i.e.
indoor plumbing)
• Improved quality and
quantity of food

17. High Technology
Era

18. • Waste of Populations
Concentrated in Cities
• Food Produced in
Country, Consumed in
City
• Soil becomes less
productive
• Crude Birth Rate: Low
• Crude Death Rate: Low
• Rate of Natural Increase:
Stable
Birth Rate low due to:
• Family planning
• Good health
• Improved status of
women
• Later marriages
• Safe and inexpensive
means of birth control
introduced

19. Death Rate low due to:
• Improved health care
• High quantity and quality
of food supply
• Rise in standards of
living