Population Density Lab

Population Density Lab
PLANNING – DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND POPULATION DENSITY:
Research Question:
What is the relation between the amount of dissolved oxygen in water and the population density in two different water areas?
Hypothesis:
I predict that the higher the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water the higher the density of fish. I hypothesize this because the density population is
more abundant in areas with high concentration of dissolved oxygen as organisms use this oxygen for respiration.
Independent Variable:
The independent variable is the amount of dissolved oxygen in water measured in percentage. – In order to obtain a more accurate value of dissolved
oxygen I will measure it in two different ways. I will measure it by using an oxygen–selective electrode ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Time and days at which the data will be collected – I will collect the data during 1 week once a day at the same time of the day.
Distance from the surface at which the dissolved oxygen is measured (cm) – I will take the measures at 7cm from the surface.
Number of Sample taken – 7 samples in total, one per day.
Oxygen from the air – I will avoid the measurement of air oxygen by measuring the dissolved oxygen at 5cm so that it can't influence the data.
Additionally, when collecting the sample of water, I will avoid the entrance of atmospheric oxygen by closing the test tube inside the water.
Uncontrolled Variables
Temperature: I can't control the room or water temperature of the area studied. This may influence the amount of dissolved oxygen in water. However,
as the measure are done at the same time I expect the temperature to be similar.
Other abiotic factors: Other abiotic factors such as PH or pressure which may influence the density of population.
Materials:
Ruler
Oxygen–selective electrode
Thermometer

Burette (for wrinkle
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Role Of Social Hierarchy In The Neolithic Age
In the Paleolithic era, social hierarchy was determined by multiple factors such as position in the family, gender, age, and favorable personality
traits. Titles were given to establish positions within each band. Titles could include, mother, father, husband, wife, brother, sister, child, etc. The
higher the position in the band came power over others. (John P. McKay, Understanding World Societies, Pg14). The division of labor was
determined by a person's sex and age. With biological factors, it was inevitable that there would be a division of labor for men and women. Women
biologically are able to breast feed their young, which takes several years. At this time period formula was not invented yet, so breast milk was the
only source of nutrition for infants. Women would breast feed and the men would most likely care for the infants. In a sense the women and men split
the work to care for their young. Since the Paleolithic people had to rely on moving from place to place to gather their food, women also worked
outdoors. The women gathered plants and animal products, meanwhile the men hunted. (McKay, Pg.13) Age was also a key factor in the division of
labor in their society. Being elderly or a child would result in different task that would generally be easier because of the lack of strength. Unlike the
Paleolithic era, in the Neolithic era Social hierarchies mainly came about as a result of plow agricultural society in both gender relations and division of
labor.

Development And Overall Wellbeing For The People Of...
In 2000, The United Nations announced the Millenium Decleration goals (MDG) and pledged to invest money on a stratergy in order to achieve
these goals. They also aim to improve the economic social and environmental wellbeing of Bangladesh. The following report will outline and analyse
two strategies as well as evaluate these stratergies against three criteria; social, economic and environment in order to improve the development and
overall wellbeing for the people of bangladesh.
With an area of about 147,570 sq. km, Bangladesh is located north of the Equator along the Tropic of Cancer and in South Asia. The country is
bordered by India on the east, west, and north and by the Bay of Bengal on the south (National Geographic, 2012). The ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Another statistic where Australia is more advantaged than Bangladesh is their literacy rates and population living below the poverty line. Poverty and
lack of education have been known to go hand in hand for developing nations like Bangladesh. Finally another factor that contributes to Bangladesh's
hunger is not on the table, but is the external factors such as the natural environment. This includes, placement, temperature and natural disasters. This
constantly changing environment and temperatures, makes it very hard to consistently grow the same crops all year round. (Central Intelligence
Agency, 2014)
Bangladesh has a very high rate of population growth, which results in a higher population density, and in many cases can lead to, an increase in stress
on water and natural resources, decrease food sequirity, slower development, and less land for agricuture. For a country which is heavily reliant on its
agriculture, this becomes an issue. All these effects will eventually lead to hunger within the nation. This is due to more people relying on the same
natural resources, however there is not enough to suit the basic needs of everyone. Due to a high population density, the land for farming is put under
stress and thus, food production, decreases while the number of people needing food increases. Many people in bangladesh are forced to live on, and
grow crops on areas

Indonesia Needs Sex Education in Order to Combat Unwanted...
A. Reproductive health services have and currently do struggle against obstacles including religious beliefs, governmental policies, educational
shortcomings, and governmental financial circumstances. With the increase in reproductive health medicine and technology, an increase for the global
standard of living, and women's rights movements worldwide, global access to reproductive health services is becoming more and more of a priority.
Topics such as abortion and form of contraception are highly debated. "Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim–majority nation, with almost
86.1% of Indonesians declared Muslim according to the 2000 census. 8.7% of the population is Christian, 3% are Hindu, and 1.8% Buddhist or
other"("Demographics... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This will help prevent infant fatalities, infant malnourishment, and maternal fatality during birth.
C. Indonesia's proposition to achieve these goals and to provide global access to reproductive health services is quite simple. The committee should
make a resolution which requires governments to create and fund a board which is given the task to provide the citizens of the country (ranging from
youths to young adults to adults to the elderly) with adequate education in relation to sexual intercourse and the consequences of intercourse and all
other sex related issues. The board would also provide various contraceptives for either free (funds permitting) or as discounted as possible. The board
would have to provide various contraceptives in order to meet the standards of the individual receiving the contraception's religious beliefs. This would
help significantly reduce sexual related problems seen in today's world, such as abortion, STDs, and unwanted pregnancy.
Topic #2
A. It is easy for large countries with powerful governments to abuse their rights to eminent domain when given the task of hosting a mega–event such as
the Olympic Games or FIFA World Cup
. In the past countries have abused this right and found ways around the current international laws that protect
the property rights of the people of the nation. The countries have not provided equal compensation

Victorian Health and Medicine
The towns and hospitals of Victorian England worsened the sanitary situations but helped create sanitary reform efforts. Most towns in Great Britain
were beginning to experience problems with overcrowding in the urban areas. "Housing and sanitary facilities could not keep pace with such growth.
Customs, technologies, and administrative practices that might have been adequate in older cities or in small villages proved grossly insufficient in
the industrial cities" (Victorian Social Medicine p. 125). Many towns and cities were moving to become industrial over agricultural and the industrial
movement caused overcrowding. This sudden movement of people into the cities could not be sanitarily kept up with, which lead to many people
living in these areas becoming deathly ill. William Farr believed in three big reasons for the high death rate in the towns and why/how many people
caught these extraordinary sicknesses. "Poor hygiene, in sanitation, and other environmental defects were the factors Farr blamed most consistently
for the high mortality in cities" (Victorian Social Medicine p. 126). Using Farr's view the author describes how the poor sanitation of the homes and
towns were the reason for incredibly high mortality rates. Farr liked to blame the poor hygiene for the high mortality in his earliest studies but would
later contradict his own theories with further in depth studies. Farr also being on of the founders of medical statistics liked to look and compare
mortality

Application Of Community Health And Population Focused...
Application of Community health and Population–Focused Nursing
Description of Community Los Angeles, a metropolis based in southern California, is known for its ethnically diverse population and known for being
home to the entertainment industry. The city itself lies within a coastal basin and is sided on three ends with mountains which scale over 3,000
meters. It covers 502 square miles with a population of 3.8 million. It is the most populated county in the United States and has the third largest
economy in the world with focuses in entertainment, media, science, sports, medicine, education, research, and fashion. California was originally a
Spanish territory and was declared part of Mexico in 1821 in result of the Mexican war of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cultural breakdown of Los Angeles shows it is 48.3% Hispanic or Latino, 17.5% White, 14.6% Asian, 9.2% Black or African American, 1.5% Native
American, and 2.9% reporting two or more races.
Leading Causes of Death/Mortality Public health provided by Los Angeles county showed that heart disease (specifically coronary heart disease) was
the leading cause of death across both genders, amongst all ethnic groups, and among persons aged 65 and older. Cancer was the second leading cause
of death, and stroke being the third. (http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/docs/HealthNewsMortality–10–13.pdf, 2013) Obesity is of major growing
concern as it carries a major risk for heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes; the county and academy of pediatrics has enacted Healthy for Life, to
assist students from kindergarten through twelfth grade in early recognition and education for diseases and health concerns.
Healthcare Access It is reported that approximately 2.7 million individuals in Los Angeles have nohealth insurance and that approximately 2 million of
those individuals are between the ages of 18 and 64. Reports also show that approximately 1 out of 4 children (under the age of 18) are uninsured.
Those without healthcare insurance are less likely to have access to preventative services and regular source of care. The Healthy People 2000 goal
warrants for everyone to have health insurance. Latinos report

Characteristics Of A Slum
The Merriam–Webster dictionary describes a slum as "a densely populated usually urban area marked by crowding, dirty run–down housing, poverty,
and social disorganisation". Though there are multitudes of definitions for the word "slum", few of them are actually very differing from each other –
generally, it is mutually agreed that a slum is an crowded urban district inhabited by many people who are affected by poverty. One district that
displays these qualities is the area of Dharavi. The third–largest slum in the world, Dharavi is located in the west of Mumbai, India's capital city (refer
to Figure 1). The community of Dharavi are a community that, despite their lack of wealth and the fact that many live below the poverty line, are very
optimistic and spirited. They are known as the "most productive slum in the world" with an annual turnover of over US$1billion and an extremely low
unemployment rate. Much of life in the slum is very community–oriented, with people often finding ways to make their daily tasks social, and possibly,
due to their impoverishment, the slum's inhabitants do not tend to judge beauty on possessions. Dharavi has an extremely diverse population, with the
religious demographics estimated to be 60% Hindu, 33% Muslim and 6% Christian, with the remaining 1% made up of Buddhists, along with other
minorities. Housing in Dharavi is much smaller than housing in other parts of Mumbai, as approximately 62% of Mumbai lives in Dharavi, and the
slum growth rate

Hunting and Gathering vs. Agriculture Essay
From the early prehistoric society until now, we often heard the word "adaptation", which means the process of changing something or changing our
behavior to deal with new situations. The ways people adjust their natural environment varies according to time, place, and tribe. Foraging is common
way of adaptation that people uses for most of human history; however because of the population pressure, some people adopt agriculture to fulfill
their need. This essay, will discuss the positive and negative aspects of life in hunting and gathering societies compared to the agricultural societies
based on Martin Harris' article "Murders in Eden" and Jared Diamond's article "The Worst Mistake in the History ofHuman Race."
Hunting and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It also takes more additional hours of food preparation to make it is suitable for consumption. It appears that hunter–gatherers have more leisure time
than farmers. On the other hand, an agricultural system absorbs more labor and increased workload per capita.
Based on the output of production, agriculture is perceived as an advance because farmers can produce more food within a smaller area than they
could possibly obtain as hunter–gatherers. Harris says that this situation happened since farmers control "the rate of plant reproduction" (Harris 219),
which means that immediate adverse consequences could be prevented with the intensification of production. On the other hand, hunter–gatherers,
which depend on the availability of natural plants and animals; consequently, can raise their output very little. However, although farmers can produce
more food than hunter–gatherers do, the numbers of crops are limited; therefore, when the crops failed, there is risk of starvation.
In order to keep their standard of living, hunter–gatherers have to keep their population low. They use many ways to prevent pregnancy, such as herbal
contraceptives, plant and animal poisons, and many mechanical techniques for abortion. Hunter–gatherers are also likely to use infanticide and
geronticide, which means the killing of infant and old

Human Impacts Toward Soil Biodiversity
METHODS
Data Collation
Data was collected from published studies or in–press studies that focused on human impacts toward soil biodiversity. Potential relevant studies must
compare multiple sites which having different land use type and/or intensity. In addition, species abundance, richness, occurrence, or other diversity
metrics must be present in the study, so that diversity can be estimated. Furthermore, the information of the sites location is also very important, studies
which have the sites coordinates are more preferable. The coordinates are very useful not just to pinpoint the exact location on the map, but also to
help us acquire other information, e.g. climate, biome, and ecoregion (all paper criteria similar to Newbold et al. 2015). To find these potential relevant
studies, I used Web of Science (http://webofknowledge.com/) and Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.co.uk) as the search engine with "soil
invertebrate", "land–use", "pitfall trap", and "ground invertebrate" as my search term.
The corresponding authors of the suitable studies were contacted, asking whether they are willing to share their raw data (which were not usually
made fully available in the paper or supplementary files). From the total of 24 authors contacted, five of them agreed to give me the raw data. After
receiving the data, they were coded into a structured pdf form and excel spreadsheet. The pdf form captured the site– and species–specific information
provided by the papers or

Earthquakes. Why Some Places Suffer More Than Others.
Earthquakes: Why do some places suffer more than others?
Whilst earthquakes are perhaps the most frequently occurring natural hazard, their impact on people, property and communities varies enormously
from one place to another. It is possible to identify a number of factors that cause some places to suffer more than others. Whilst some are large scale
and are to do with tectonic location, others are decided at a much more local scale, and relate to building design and levels of preparedness.
Perhaps the most significant factor determining why some places suffer more than others is the tectonic location of an area. The distribution of
earthquakes is commonly linked to the margins of global plates. Whilst the assertion that earthquakes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People are often informed about potential dangers, and how to respond when earthquakes do occur. Furthermore, emergency services regularly practice
their response procedures, so in the event of an earthquake the reaction is as smooth as possible. Typically, supplies of food, water, medicines and
shelter are also stored in recognised safe areas ready for coping with the aftermath of an earthquake. Education and preparation are undoubtedly
factors in reducing the scale of a disaster, particularly regarding the response after the event in terms of rescuing injured people and preventing the
spread of disease. However, even the best laid plans can fail to live up to expectations. This was exemplified with the Kobe earthquake, when
emergency teams reacted slowly, and appeared to be totally overwhelmed by the scale of the disaster. Poorer countries tend to be less aptly prepared.
Whilst this is due in part to the lack of money to invest in materials and educational programmes, it is also because earthquakes are often perceived as
infrequent problems in a society facing daily struggles for survival of a much more mundane nature.
The geology of an area is further decisive in the ultimate significance a quake will have. Typically, areas of soft clays and silts are likely to succumb
to liquefaction during a quake. Harder and more solid

Urban Sprawl : Urban City Of Edmonton
Urban sprawl is a concept that describes the spread of human populations from the major cities or urban areas into the low–density rural communities.
Several factors are attributed to cause urban sprawl, such as lower land rates in rural areas, improved infrastructure, lack of effective urban planning,
rise of population growth in the cities, and consumer preferences among others. Urban sprawl is considered to present significant benefits to
individuals. For example, access of cheap land, better school systems in the suburbs, low crime rates and a sense of community. However, urban
sprawl is considered undesirable due to factors like increasing the level of public expenditure in the development of infrastructure, increased health
problems due to the spread of pollution, environmental degradation, and increased traffic in cities among others. This paper examines the concept of
urban sprawl in the developing cities like the City of Edmonton, focusing on the policies that could be implemented to enhance population in the city
and minimize the events of urban sprawl.
Definition of Urban Sprawl
Urban sprawl has been often criticized for an inefficient and undesirable growth of cities, due the negative effects that it bears, including increasing
traffic congestion and causing environmental harm. Holcombe (1999) defines urban sprawl as the process through which large–scale real estate
development occurs in the low–density suburbs and rural regions surrounding the cities. Holcombe

Cause And Effect Of Deforestation Of Rainforests
TITLE:The Principal Effects and Causes of Deforestation of Rainforests
CLASS:AW 3
NAME:Azizahtun Aimanhusna binti Sabani
STUDENT ID:023
TEACHER:Mr. Gerard Brennan
The Principal Effects and Causes of Deforestation of Rainforests
Deforestation is the clearing or removal of a forest or area of trees in order to use the land for other activities. Deforestation is a critical as no country in
the world has succeeded in tackling the issue perfectly, despite the never–ending efforts made. The long–lasting effects of this matter are indeed,
enormously negative, therefore it is pivotal for humans to explore the wide variety of effects and causes of deforestation of rainforests worldwide.
This essay will explore the effect of population rate, logging, and agricultural activities towards deforestation. Next, we will be examining the link
between the three causes with loss of species, land quality, and indigenous people.
Population growth is a significant cause of deforestation, in which a high density of people in certain areas results in land shortages. When land supply
is limited, people have no other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Expansions of roads and other infrastructures meant for mining attracts farmers and ranchers. The existence of these infrastructures makes forests more
accessible to the public. Subsequently, farmers and ranchers start exploring the forests, clearing the land, and settled there to conduct agricultural
activities. Commercial agriculture includes tea, rubber and oil plantation. In fact, farmers in South East Asia clear almost 5,000 square kilometers per
year (Golden and Miller, 1994). Concerning the increasing demand of agro–industrial crop, agricultural activities in the forests are not expected to slow
down in the near future. Consumer demand encourages producers to produce even more because they are aware of the fact that prices will

Adaptation Of Climate And Simplifying Informal Settlements
ADAPTATION OF CLIMATE AND STANDARDIZING INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS IN ELDORET
BY
Caroline Jepkemboi Cheplong
Email; carojep2015@hotmail.com
JULY, 2015
ABSTRACT
Due to the progressive development of human societies, their ecological and environmental influence has been steadily increasing. The spatial
expansion and higher population and housing density of cities with its multiplier effect on land use and land cover change (LUCC) have been
recognized as the most important aspects of cities climate change which is triggered by the need for urban services provision for the influx of human
population. The shortages of housing in particular, and other urban services provision is the fundamental cause and effects of development of illegal
and informal settlements. With analysis from empirical study in Eldoret town, the study discusses the need for urban land regularization as a requisite
to combat the driving forces for formation of informal settlements and its impacts on cities climate. After presenting a series of concepts and definitions
related to urban land informality and illegality, standardization and tenure security from the literature, we then discuss the data methods for the study. A
detail of the research results focusing on the nature and the impacts of informal and illegal settlement in both the city centre and the hinterlands using
the UN–Habitat Slum indicators is presented. We conclude on implication cities' climate change dynamics

The Effects of Population Density on the Reproduction and...
Abstract
The population dynamics of Daphnia magna are observed under three different conditions; low, medium, and high density. The effects of different
population densities on the survivorship and reproduction of Daphnia are observed over a two–week period within a lab environment. Over the two
week period, the numbers of parent Daphnia alive and dead are recorded daily, along with the amount of offspring produced each day. From the main
parameter investigated, the net reproductive rate, the results of the experiment support that higher densities result in less successful reproduction and
decreased fecundity. Values for the instantaneous growth rate of the populations also suggests that low and medium density populations allow for...
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This can explain why growth and survivorship seem to remain constant within a population regardless of resource availability. Ban et al. (2009) also
found that Daphnia pulex grown under crowded conditions grew much more slowly than those that were grown alone, even when the food supply was
sufficient. The individuals grown in a high density population were also observed to have a smaller net reproductive rate, due to the essential need for
them to conserve resources necessary for their own survival. These sources, as well as the results obtained from our experiment, support the claim that
higher population densities result in reduced rates of reproduction and decreased chances of survival.
Methods
The experiment took place in a laboratory setting, and the first step was obtaining sixty individual Daphnia magna (that were neither adults nor tiny
offspring) from a large tank in the lab. These individuals were equally divided into three groups; low density, medium density, and high density. The
twenty Daphnia assigned to the low density group were split into four groups of five and pipetted into one of four tubes filled with 10mL of
Chlamydomonas algae. The twenty Daphnia assigned to the medium density group were split into two groups of ten and placed into one of two tubes
also filled up to 10mL with Chlamydomonas. The final twenty Daphnia were all placed into a single tube filled with 10mL of the algae. In order to
avoid suffocation–related

Michael Porter's The Competitive Advantage Of The Inner City
The essay "The Competitive Advantage of the Inner City" by Michael Porter, addresses the crisis of inner cities, in particular, the economic distress
and how to fix it. Porter discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the inner city, and how previous efforts to improve the conditions of the city
have failed. Many past efforts were guided by the desire to meet the needs of individuals but not the city as a whole, even programs that were aimed at
economic development were ineffective because they treated the inner city as an "isolated island" (317), separated from surrounding economy which
favored local small business that did not bring in outside business.
Michael Porter is a renowned economist and professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business School, author of 18 books and more than
125 articles with topics that range from industry competition to economic development. Porter was born in Michigan and went on to study aerospace
and mechanical engineering in Princeton from where he graduated first in his class and with high honors from both the prestigious societies Phi Beta
Kappa and Tau Beta Pi, which he was also elected into. He is known as the "c" and is recognized worldwide for his take on competition and company
strategy, many say that his work has redefined the thought process related to competition and economic development. Some of his most influential
books include Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior
Performance and Redefining Health Care: Creating Value–Based Competition On Results.
In the essay, "The Competitive Advantage of the Inner City," Porter explained the reason that numerous past efforts failed to improve the economic
conditions of the inner city were mainly due to the increasing social investment in order to see growth in economic activity. However, in order to create
real change, we have to start with the notion that inner–city businesses should not only be profitable but also capable of exporting goods and services
(317). Many would think that a business in the inner–city would not thrive because business prosperity depends on location, however, it also varies on
the way a

A comprehensive study on civil war: models and real cases
A comprehensive study on civil war: models and real cases
The history of ethnic civil war consists of ethnic fragmentation appeared along the societal path to globalization. Over time, human enabled a
comprehensive study of variables and motives in attempt to theorize a historical pattern of civil war. Two important models, one constructed by Paul
Collier and Anke Hoeffler, and the other byJames Fearon and David Laitin, provided hypothesis of the causes of civil war based on social, economic
and political measurements. However, as Horowitz states, "a bloody phenomenon cannot be explained by a bloodless theory", civil conflict can never
be concluded to a certain pattern; despite the general trend, chance events such as natural disasters ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rwanda, which underwent two civil wars in 1963 and 1990, has one of the highest population densities in Africa.
On the other hand, Fearon and Laitin concentrated on state capacity in building their model to predict the risk of war. They concluded civil war as the
consequence of a weak central government; variables that measure state capacity, particularly instability, poverty and population, were selected in the
process. Political instability reflects a government's inability in counterinsurgency; poverty demonstrates its failure to provide welfare to the people;
and a large population adds challenges to the overall balance and management of different regions. During the economic breakdown in Yugoslavia,
facing public calls for urgent economic reform, the Communist government "blocked promising reform initiatives" in order to maintain the monopoly
control of the government and the country's industries. The mediocre Yugoslavian government failed to pull the nation out from poverty, which
eventually led to the collapse of the Republic.
Overall, both the CH model and the FL model highlight the interactive patterns between the independent variables and the risk of war, and thus support
their hypothesis of the civil war mechanism. Nonetheless, although both models provide certain degree of prediction to the risk of war, neither applies
to the reality perfectly.
First of all, hypothesis proposed by both models are broad representation of a generalized

Why Is Burnaby Flooded With High Rise Apartments?
With the increasing population size in the city of Burnaby, high–rise apartment appears to be a way to address this high population density by
developing space in high altitude. Metrotown, Brentwood, Edmonds and Lougheed became a battleground for Real Estate developers. Up to now,
around the Metrotown, more than 10 buildings are proposed and under construction of 30 layers more high–rise apartments while the upgradation of
Metrotown Skytrain Station is in process at the same time.
Why is Burnaby flooded with high–rise apartments?
Burnaby is in the heart of the Greater Vancouver region with excellent connections, the shortest time for the Millennium line to Vancouver and one of
the largest shopping center Metropolis located in center of South Burnaby. In addition to the developed business and entertainment environment, the
two major BC universities SFU and BCIT's main campus are in Burnaby. Tens of thousands of students in the city and its surrounding to study and live,
forming a rigid demand for housing in the region.
As a specialist with Colliers International said, "In Vancouver, outside of downtown there are effectively less than a handful of projects where you can
do towers. You are not going to find a site in Vancouver to build a high
–rise, so where are you going to build it? You are going to find it in Burnaby or
Coquitlam," expressed the reason that Vancouver's restrictive and complex housing polices and little usable lands for developing high–rise apartments
makes

The Death And Life Of Great American Cities
The Death and Life of Great American Cities––––The conditions for city diversity
Jane Jacobs
An illustrated report
Background
The death and life of great American cities was published in 1961. It was like an earthquake when it first appeared in the field of urban planning. At
that time, the main stream of planning circle in America critiqued the book that it brought nothing but troubles to the field of urban planning. However,
as time went by, the contents of the book have been increasingly accepted by a majority of scholars of urban planning.
The book's author, Jane Jacobs, was an American–Canadian journalist, writer and activist, whose husband was an architect. She had no degree in urban
planning, but during the time of reporting the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Introduction
Criticizing contemporary urban policies that ignored the needs of most city–dwellers and destroyed the nature of cities, Jane Jacobs (1961) wrote four
parts in this book, which respectively are "the peculiar nature of cities", "the conditions for city diversity", "forces of decline and regeneration" and
"different tactics". Among four parts, the part of "the conditions for city diversity" has the most far–reaching influence, and it is also the most
important thought in the book. Thus this report is mainly concerning the illustration of this part. I will give not only the demonstration of what Jane
Jacobs says about, but also my opinion on this chapter with examples.
Four dispensable conditions to generate city diversity
1 Mixed primary uses
"The district, and indeed as many of its internal parts as possible, must serve more than one primary function; preferably more than two"
2 Short blocks
" Most blocks must be short; that is, streets and opportunities to turn corners must be frequent."
3 Diverse buildings varying in condition and age
"The district must mingle buildings that vary in age and condition, including a good proportion of old ones so that they vary in the economic yield they

must produce. This mingling must be fairly close–grained."
4 A dense concentration of people
" There must be a sufficiently dense concentration of people, for whatever purposes they may be

Research into Environmental Stressors on Aggressive Behaviour
Research into Environmental Stressors on Aggressive Behaviour
The two environmental stressors I have chosen to discuss are temperature and over–crowding.
A theory that best describes environmental stressors on aggressive behaviour is the negative affect escape (NAE) theory; this claims that when the
unpleasant stimuli increases so does the negative affect (the mood) and this leads to an increase of aggressive behaviour or an increase in the escape
behaviour, if a person cannot escape they will become more aggressive and this can relate to temperature because it is something we cannot escape, so
when the unpleasant stimuli becomes extreme people rather focus on their escape or they will become ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However Anderson did not agree with this theory of aggressive behaviour decreasing after extreme heat, he considered the effects of temperature on
different forms of aggressive behaviour such as, assault, murder and rape. He found that there was a steady increase in all of these aggressive acts as
the temperature rose, with no sign of any reduction in the extreme heat.
Another theory that is used to describe temperature on aggressive behaviour is the routine activity theory put forward by Cohen and Felson they state
that opportunities for interpersonal interaction is high in the summer due to the change of their pattern in their routine activity, because in the summer
it is much more likely for people to be outdoors increasing their contact with people leading to an increase in aggression as well. However this is more
of an indirect link as there is no proof to show this.
Also it is claimed there can be a biological link between heat and aggression, the level of testosterone rises in when the weather is hot, explaining why
men can be seen as more aggressive than women.
It could be said that there is no clear–cut relationship between temperature and aggression as some research has shown an increase of aggression with
rising temperatures whereas

Guns, Germs, And Steel
Guns, Germs, and Steel
Prologue:
1.Yali's question puzzles over why the white people have become more successful than others. Diamond states that Eurasian societies were set to
dominate from before 3000 B.C. He wants to know why other races are unable to be as advanced with technology and power.
2.Diamond's first objection is implying that if we explain why some people rule over others we're okay with the domination by others. His second
reason explains that Europeans are disappearing anyways and it's wrong to talk about them dominating the world. His third objection states that we
must understand other societies and that the question implies that some are better than others.
3.A "Eurocentric" approach to history is a way of teaching history, mainly focused onEurope, while ignoring the other countries such as China, India,
Japan, Southeast Asia, or other societies.
4.Diamond believes that everyone's intelligence is based on where they live and grew up. One major point explaining that Europeans are not more
inborn intelligent than New Guineans, is that the New Guineans need intelligence to live in the wilderness. Another is the lack of entertainment and
distractions they have which doesn't negatively affect their brain development.
5.Passive entertainment means little to no interactivity due to entertainment such as television, videogames, or radio. While Americans are busy
spending hours with these activities, New Guineans are out doing something that encourages them

Essay about Aztecs
The Aztecs were a group of indigenous people who established an extensive empire in Mexico and parts of Central America.
They were part of the Nahua ethnic group which was predominant within the region. The Aztecs are characterized not only by their vast empire,
comparable to those in Europe but also by their technological advancements and spiritual traditions and rituals (Leon–Portilla, xvii). Two theoretical
concepts that will be used to analyze this society are the cognized versus operation models and the coproduction model. The Aztecs' strong cosmic and
mythological beliefs not only had metaphysical effects but also produced physical, ecological ones as well. This represents the difference between the
cognized and operational ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Proteins such as deer, rabbit, fish and duck were usually reserved for the elite. A decline in hunting was observed after the population reached levels
that would risk overhunting. Most of the Aztecs domesticated dogs and turkeys instead, and consumed them as sources of protein
(Aguilar–Moreno, 329). The Aztecs developed very advanced and organized agricultural systems in order to accommodate their growing populations.
The total population of the Aztec Empire was estimated to be around 30 million with their capital, Tenochtitlan being home to over 200,000 people.
They invented "chinampas" as a form of agriculture which consisted of systematically creating artificial pieces of land on freshwater lakes.
These "floating islands" would be made of sediments, mud and vegetation with trees planted on the corners to hold them down. They would also be
spaced so that canoes could travel between this network of chinampas.
Within the larger cities, however, where this method was not as feasible, each family would use a personal garden as a means of obtaining food
(Aguilar–Moreno, 58). Another important part of Aztec culture revolved around their spiritual and mythological beliefs. The Aztecs held very strong
and sacred belief towards nature. They worshipped many Gods pertaining to different natural elements, including the sun, the rain, the mountains and
the wind. They believed that every part of nature played an important role in providing

Human Geography: Overpopulation Essay
Human Geography Final Essay
Human Geography Honors Humankind will always have to overcome challenges. Three key challenges that we are currently facing and require
immediate action are overpopulation, land use, as well as cultural conflicts. These issues have been prevalent topics in the media in recent years.
Unless we start taking the steps to address these concerns, we will continue to see these topics in the media for years to come. Overpopulation is a
relatively recent issue. The world's population has grown exponentially over the past twenty to thirty years. For example, the country of Bangladesh,
with a population density of 1,188 people per square kilometer, has a 1.2% annual growth rate. Comparing these numbers with the United ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The public should be warned that if they do not have enough money to support a child, then they consider waiting to have children. Family planning
and government programs would include clinics and other organizations put in place to provide and promote voluntary sterilization or contraception in
order to reduce the high rate of reproduction in a nation. Another challenge humanity faces is cultural or ethnic conflict. This conflict is created when
two or more groups who share different or conflicting ideas or principles while living in proximity to each other. A specific example of this in our
modern world is the cultural war being fought between the Sunni and Shiite Muslims of the Middle East. The two groups believe in different ways of
practicing the same religion, and since the two cultures share a border between each other, conflict ensued. Cultural conflict can have many outcomes;
including persecution, all–out war, and ethnic cleansing. Cultural conflict not only effects the inhabitants of the two cultures who are quarreling with
each other, but with surrounding countries as well. Trade and other dealings can be hurt by
the conflict of the two cultural groups. Cultural conflict does not only damage the two disputing groups, but the rest of the world as well. There are
some possible resolutions for the issue of cultural conflict. An increased police or military presence in the region

How Long Does It Take to Stop a Forest Fore Based on the...
Investigation Plan
Introduction
I will be conducting an experiment which involves burning a forest to test the progression of the forest fire in relation to the high density of trees in
the forest. The general hypothesis in this case would suggest the higher the density of trees, the further the fire would progress. I will be conducting
various tests to test this hypothesis. The variable that I will be changing is the population of trees within the forest. To carry out this experiment I will
be using a simulation which is created by the use of a Net Logo environment.
Method
To carry out this experiment I will use various tree densities to test how much of the forest will burn. I will be using the ticks to see how long it would
take for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The results are showing that as the density is decreasing so is the percentage being burnt. This time the ticks increased showing the time taken to burn
has increased. However, in this table I have got an outlier. This outlier could have been caused by human fault. The outlier shows that this piece of
result wasn't accurate as it is totally different from the rest of the repeats.
DensityRepeat% BurntTicks
50%
12.0%295 21.8%260 33.4%190 42.5%199 52.6%175 Average1.5%223.8
The table above shows that an average of 1.5% of the trees got burnt when the tree density was 50%. These results show a significant drop in the
percentage of the trees burnt. In addition, the ticks have also decreased.
DensityRepeat% BurntTicks
25%
10.5%35 20.6%46 30.7%39 40.5%39 50.7%43 Average0.6%40.4
The table above shows that the average percentage of the tree's being burnt is 0.6% when the tree density was only 25%. The ticks show an average

of 40.4. If you compare this table to the table with a density of 99% you can see there has been a significant drop in the percentage burnt as well as the
ticks.
The density of trees from 60% to 50% shows a significant change in the percentage burnt as well as ticks. The average percentage burnt for the
density 60% was 66.9% whereas for the density 50% the percentage burnt was an average of 1.5%. This

Hong Kong Housing Problem Is Not Only Attributed to the...
Hong Kong Housing Problem is not only attributed to the High Population Density Every Hong Kong citizen knows one of the grave troubles in
Hong Kong is housing problem. The order of severity can be apparently reflected by many figures in recent research studies. "Rents up 22 per cent in
Hong Kong" (2011) remarks that "the price of renting two–bedroom accommodation rose by 22% to US$2,830 a month between 2009 and 2010"
(В¶2). Subcommittee on Building Safety and Related Issues (2010) also observes that "from 2005 to 2009, the [Buildings Department] received a total
of 2,890 complaints concerning sub–division of flat units" (P.3). Housing becomes a luxury commodity. Many citizens of upper class own a few big
hair houses for trading with... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The property developers acquire the land with a high cost. They sell the flats with high prices so as to keep the profit. Moreover, the property
developers' hoarding of residential land is another main cause. Perry (2010) claims that "six major Hong Kong developers are sitting on projects that
could provide a total of 42.6 million square of living space when completed, or about 43,000 apartments averaging 1,000 square feet" (В¶4). Only the
living space under construction owned by the land developers is ample to be resided by 43,000 families after development. This living space may not
solve the entire housing problem, but at least ameliorates the situation by a significant extent. Due to hoarded land, the market is in a shortage of land
supply. Therefore the prices and rents of flats rise and the property developers earn a tremendous profit. In addition to the postponement of the
residential building, in Law of Hong Kong, there is not a perfect and unified regulation of the time range to finish building after purchasing the land,
implying that the property developers can thoroughly bridle the market. Apart from the concerns in land supply,immigration from mainland promotes
the housing demand. Starting from 40s, immigration being not governed, there was an influx of Chinese immigrants due to the Cultural Revolution,
the Anti–Japanese War and the Civil War. Policy restraining the number of immigrants soon executed.

Modeling Suburban And Rural Residential Development Beyond...
Modeling Suburban and Rural–Residential Development beyond the Urban Fringe The authors David A. Newburn and Peter Berck looked at how land
use regulations differentially influenced suburban versus rural–residential development in exurban areas. Exurban areas are defined as an area that
"extends beyond the built–up urban and contiguously developed suburban areas, but not into the true hinterlands beyond the commuting range of the
city centers and their edge cities" (Nelson and Sanchez 1997). The journal looks at a county in California that enacted urban growth boundary
regulations (UGB) that placed limitations on sewer and water extensions as well as minimum–lot–size restrictions (zoned maximum–residential
density). To determine how the restrictions affected the development densities the county was broken up into four zones based on proximity to sewer
and water. The individual zones were then divided farther into parcel attributes and proximity to major roads and centers. Newburn and Berck chose
the Random Parameter Logit Model (RPL) to arrive at their conclusions. Methodology Newburn and Berck obtained land parcel records from the
local county office. The records were from 1993 and showed lot size, date of last subdivision, number of single–family units and year built. The data
was then imputed over a base map from 2001 using GIS software. This allowed the researchers to easily see what had been developed and at what
densities. The densities were broken down into five

Population Growth : Density Dependent Factors Abstract...
Population Growth: Density dependent factors Abstract Sets of experiments were used to assess the growth rate of the Lemna minor, a duckweed
population. The growth of Lemna minor was observed and followed by counting and recording the number of thalli on a weekly basis. These
experiments were constructed lab models which varied the size of the starting thalli population, and varied the nutrient concentration the thali were
placed in. In the first experimental model two plastic cups were prepared with pond water, then two healthy lemna minor plants were placed in the first
cup while fifteen healthy lemna minor plants were placed in the second cup. The second experimental model consisted of four nutrient concentrations,
a control model of no nutrients, a low nutrient model, a medium nutrient model and a high nutrient model. At high density populations, we observed a
nonlinear decreasing growth rate with increasing lemna minor density. At very low densities, as expected, we observed an inverse density
dependence. Duckweed reproduces by budding, causing a larger density to reproduce a greater amount of biomass. This would indicate that
Duckweed likes overcrowding, and this may be a possible clue to the limiting factor in the growth of Duckweed. Introduction Lemna minor, commonly
known as duckweed, is efficient and fast growing, making it an ideal experimental organism. It is known as a small aquatic monocotyledon which can
be found floating in ponds, lakes or streams (Harper,

Essay about Energy Consumption in the United States
Energy Consumption in the United States
The United States consumes more energy than needed, compared to the rest of the world. However, to properly address such an issue as over
consumption of energy, one first must understand what "energy" is.
Energy is the ability for something to do work, create heat, or emit light. By this definition, energy can be anything from a sandwich to uranium.
However, for the sake of simplification, this essay will focus on the United States' consumption of fossil fuels (oil, coal, and gas), which constitute
eighty–six percent of American energy (Lehrman 2). That is a lot of energy, however it becomes an even larger amount when taken into consideration
that even though America accounts for only five ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The United States clearly consumes more energy than needed, but it is not all due to wastefulness and apathy. For example, if one were to compare
the US with the European Union, he/she would see that the US consumes about twice as much energy. However, such an observer must take into
account other factors, such as population density. The US as a whole is four times less dense in population than the EU, and therefore needs more
energy for basic tasks such as commuting. In addition, the US has greater climate extremes than the nations in the EU and therefore consumes more
energy for heating and air conditioning. The same facts work when comparing the US to China or Japan (Lehrman 2). Nevertheless, there is a problem
in the United States that must be addressed.
With American population expected to increase by approximately fifty percent over the next fifty years, some sort of energy reform is needed
(Lehrman 2). The most commonly proposed idea is for America to stop relying so heavily on fossil fuels, and to turn its focus onto renewable sources
of energy, such as solar power and hydroelectricity (Energy Information Administration). If the United States could realize the benefits of renewable
energy, then much of the world's energy problems could be solved.
Works Cited
Consumption by the United States – accessed February 12, 2005

King County Emergency Medical System Case Analysis
Education System King County has an integrated education system that equips society with necessary knowledge, particularly the first aid
cautionaries. Its inclusion in the curriculum of high school students of the King County ensures that the community at large is informed about how to
respond to emergency situations (Eisenberg, Bergner & Hallstrom, 1979). With the knowledge gained from such training, the students became aware of
what is expected of them in regards to offering first aid care to an emergency. This knowledge is passed to rest of community when students interact
with them. This helps to reduce the number of deaths occurring from certain preventable incidences. It has also enabled EMS to achieve its mandate
through the contribution... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Population concerns remain a challenge to the efficiency of the King County EMS. The King County region is growing and its population increasing.
Considering its 8,164 people per square mile already accounts for the highest population living in the state of Washington (King County, 2016), the
system is already under strain to provide timely and equal services across the region. This means that the system has had to increase their facilities,
staff, as well as the quickness of response. Consequently, the system continually needs more financial resources and more research endeavors to
negotiate changing population

The Cause And Effects Of Air Pollution In The Beijing City
A Ghanaian and founder of Smart Youth Volunteers Foundation, Lailah Gifty Akita said "Laziness has made our cities unclean. If we begin to work
and act appropriately, we will clean our cities of any dirt." People's self–centered personality had caused the pollution, and if people think more about
the city and implicate to help then people can get rid of the pollution. So, as the city that suffers from one of the most serious pollutions, Beijing air
quality is a getting worse every year because of the dearth of citizen support. Also, Beijing population is increasing and as people increase so do the
number of cars. Unfortunately, the amount of trees shrinks, and the Beijing government cannot reduce the use of coal that is unnecessary.
Consequently, Beijing suffers from air pollution as a result of high population density, commercial use of coal, and lack of citizen involvement. To
begin with, the amount of inhabitants in Beijing causes pollution. As the capital of China, most every Chinese person dreams of living in Beijing,
for this reason Beijing is full of people, and as they move in the air becomes worse. Beijing population is increasing every day and as people
increase car use also increases. With nearly 20 million of people living in Beijing, this amounts to 5 million cars driving around every day. Even
though the government tries to limit cars that drive in one day by the plate number of each car, but still these cars create abundant carbon dioxide. To
make matters

Using Gis Technology On Healthy Food Accessibility
PLAN6071 Intro to GIS
Final report
Jingru Zhuang
Due: 12/10/2014
Using GIS Technology to Analyze Healthy Food Accessibility in Different Community Income Levels within Cincinnati
Introduction
For this project, my major focus will be on identifying and analyzing the healthy food accessibility in different income level communities within
Cincinnati by using GIS technology. I would like to discuss how different income level,population density, and bus stops locations have an effect on the
healthy food accessibility for each community.
Background
"Food deserts", communities which have more limited access to healthy food, are believed to contribute to poor diets and health issues in
disadvantaged populations, mostly lower income groups (Neckerman , Yousefzadeh, Bader, & Purciel , 2009). Accordingly, this research topic is
important for community planning, especially for the rejuvenation projects because it could help improve the development of food markets and reach
to more nutritious, to provide more affordable foods outlets to different communities. It is a common issue that people who live in the lower income
community trend to not have enough fresh and affordable food access where "food desert" is most likely to appear. In conducting the literature review,
I found out many studies addressed that the consumption of less healthy food is strongly related to the poverty group. The higher income level
neighborhood are more likely to have better access to the food market,

Major Problems Of Urban Transport
3. Major problems of urban transport
Kuala Lumpur is not always considered as a "megacity" for its scale and population. However, its urban area and urban population density can be
compared to many metropolitans in the Global North. Being a motor–dominated city with high population density, rapid economy growth, and a rather
small scale, Kuala Lumpur is facing its own problems of urban transport. (1) Kuala Lumpur has one of the lowest public transport passenger amount
levels in Asia due to the rising ownerships and usage rate of private cars. The recently–launched Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan 2020 revealed that only
20 percent of total Kuala Lumpur passenger movements take place by public transport while 80 percent by private transport (Kuala Lumpur City Hall.
Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan 2020, 2004). The public transportation has modern facilities, but with the poor system and low–quality service, therefore,
more and more people are shifting from public transport to private cars and motors. Although the local government made efforts to introduce rails as
public transport in the 1980s, expecting to slow down the speed of increasing motor vehicles, their popularity remained (Aldukali et al, 2011). The low
efficiency also contributes to the shift. The buses and metros always arrive late, consuming more time for passengers to travel from house to work,
which in turn further aggravates the low usage rate.
(2) The increasing car ownerships number causes the rising demand

The Moriori By Jared Diamond: An Analysis
Human societies are essentially branches that have grown and evolved from a much larger trunk. Societies evolve by branching off and adjusting
their way of life. New civilizations face challenges going into new territories, they will face new terrains, new climates depending on how far they
travel, new people that may be indigenous to the land, and more. Every society is different from one another, no two are exactly alike. For example
The Maori and the Moriori both developed from the Polynesian descent. After the groups branched out and settled in their new home they begin their
development into their own society. The Mariori became peaceful people who were isolated hunter gatherer while the Maori who came from a dense
population of farmers who were... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They had completely evolved past their ancestors and considered them as their enemy. The peaceful Mariori did not develop the "kill or be killed"
way of life like the Maori did, which lead to their demise. Diamond states "The Moriori and Maori history constitutes a brief, small–scale natural
experiment" (Diamond, p.54). According to Jared Diamond the diversity of human societies and the ways in which they develop have to do with the
lands environmental variables, subsistence, and social and political complexities and therefore effect how the different regions of the world prosper or
fail.
Environment controls over ever other factor in how much a civilization alters from its original home. Diamond uses the Polynesian islands as a way to
explain the importance of the environmental factors and how they influence the development of Polynesian societies. Diamond states that
"Contributing to these differences among Polynesian societies were at least six sets of environmental variables among Polynesian societies: island
climate, geological type, marine resources, area, terrain fragmentation, and isolation. Climate essentially controls how a society will live. Whether the
climate is hot and humid or

Discuss the view that the impact of earthquake hazards...
Discuss the view that the impact of earthquake hazards depends primarily on human factors (40)
Plan:
Intro –What is a hazard? – Human and Physical Factors – How to manage with events
Main – Natural Hazards – Human Factors – Management
– Case Studies –California 1994 –Gujarat 2001 –Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004
Earthquake Hazards occur when there are adverse effects on human activities. This can include surface faulting, ground shaking and liquefaction. In
this essay I will be discussing the factors that affect earthquakes, whether human such as population density, urbanisation and earthquake mitigation or
physical such as liquefaction, magnitude, landslides and proximity to the focus.
Economic Development is one of the greatest ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Millions were made homeless by the huge waves that swept houses and cars away. It was estimated that the costs to repair all damage would be at
approximately $5 billion.
Another human factor is the earthquake mitigation through education and community awareness. Schemes such as the one in Sichuan, China helped
to save thousands of lives. The weekly intervals of training in case of an earthquake, educated children and adults of what to do when the quake
struck. Evacuation schemes such as the window slides or hiding under tables was reported to have saved thousands when the magnitude 8.0 hit the
area in 2008. However, some were not saved due to their unwillingness to move and evacuate the area. Some people of the village, notably the poorer
and elderly refused to leave as they didn't want to leave all they owned behind.
The proximity of settlements to an area of seismic activity and the growth of urbanisation are two more human factors that affect the impacts greatly.
These factors can cause many fatalities, but the impacts can be decreased by using land use regulations. These include land use zoning and exclusion
zones, where there are laws as to the type and size of buildings able to be built in that area. This prevents many fatalities unlike in the Gujarat
Earthquake, where it was estimated that 800,000 buildings were seriously damaged.
A

Analyse the Causes of Poverty in the World and Evaluate...
Analyse the Causes of Poverty in the World and Evaluate Attempts to Address it on a Global Scale
Poverty is the state of being extremely poor and being inferior in quality. Nearly half of the world's population, nearly 3 billion people, live on less
than two dollars a day and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the poorest 48 nations is less than the wealth of the world's three richest people
combined. Poverty can be caused by many issues particularly social and economic reasons. There have been many attempts to address poverty on a
global scale and these will be explored.
Firstly, a country's poverty level is affected by overpopulation and can depend on the population density and its agricultural ability. For example, in ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is difficult for governments to afford good public school particularly in the rural areas. For example in sub–Saharan African about 60% of children
attend elementary school, whereas in developed countries virtually all children have access to education. Without having a basic education it is
difficult to find income generating jobs that are unskilled so creating poverty. Additionally, many people in developing countries do not attend school
at all as they have to concentrate on making a minimal living. Also, even if they have an education, the possibility they will find a suitable
employment is unlikely and so many people do not see the reason to go to school. Therefore, with little encouragement being given by the government
or other organisations, people are not seeking to get an education therefore holding on to poorly paid jobs causing poverty in the world.
One economic cause of poverty is the global distribution of resources. It is unequally distributed in developing countries and these countries have
problems of poverty that is persistent. In recent years, most countries have attempted to develop their economies using industry and technology with
varying success. Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand have now become fairly wealthy with good economies and now with lower levels of poverty. But
,as previously said, other developing countries lack the essential raw materials and knowledge and skills gained through formal education and training.
They also lack

Social And Cultural Geography : Explain How People Make...
Social and Cultural Geography: Explain how people make and transform place
Social and cultural geography is the study of how people affect or are affected by spatial areas. Cultural geography is the study of variations of culture
and cultural norms across different regions and places (Anderson, 2015). Whereas social geography is based around the social factors within a space.
Both of these factors can be directly linked to show transformation within a place. Places are made by human endeavours in order to create a social
structure that allows for growth and prosperity of a community whether this be creating a rural sector that allows for increased production or a city
with high population and high economic turn over. These places are also created via boundaries which cause a location to exist that includes the area.
They have a locale due to the culture of a community that influences style of infrastructure and this fluctuates between places and also a sense of place
which is invoked on a region by its community's culture and emotional connection to the area but is also influenced by the outside world's judgement
on the place either due to past events or stereotypical views. People develop and make place through many means including culture, religion. Politics,
and physical change to geography all in combination that creates a unique feel and structure of place due to the varying attribute that are included to
create place.
"While the word 'place' has been used as long as

Analysis: A Deeper Look Into The Fascinating World
A Deeper Look into the Fascinating World of the Cricket
1.What does it eat?
Crickets eat pretty much everything. They are omnivores and their diet depends on what is in their vicinity. Crickets eat rotting plant material, leaves,
fungi, fruit, insects –– sometimes even walls and clothing. As a last resort, crickets can turn to cannibalism in order to survive due to the lack of food.
2.How does it eat?
The mouth of the cricket is made up of four different parts; labrum, labium, maxillae, and mandibles. Each part aids in chewing food for consumption.
The labrum protects the mouth, and the rest supports the mandibles in chewing.
3.What eats it?
Frogs, lizards, salamanders, spiders, birds, other reptiles and mammals all eat the cricket. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Crickets can serve as predators to other bugs and consumers of plants too! This is all due to crickets being omnivores. Sometimes, they are seen as
agricultural pests.
16.What feeding relationships are they are part of?
Crickets are consumers that munch on plants and insects which leads to the plants and insects being reduced to numbers – keeping their population in
check. Crickets are also food for bigger predators like reptiles and etc.
17.What trophic levels are they on?
Crickets are usually first order/primary consumers, but they can be secondary consumers.
18.What taxonomic groups do they belong?
Kingdom = Animalia
Phylum = Arthropoda
Class = Insecta
Order = Orthoptera
Family = Gryllidae
19.What abiotic factors do they require?
Soil, water, oxygen, climate, sunlight, temperature, and etc.
20.What population density are they typically found in?
Crickets are usually in a large and very high population density.
21.What's unique about them?

People can eat crickets for their taste and nutrients. Also, female crickets can carry multiple different males' sperm in their body at the same time and
then pick which sperm they want to fertilize their eggs

Ryerson Population Analysis
All the data is collected from census tract 2011 and 2016 of Stats Canada and National Household Survey (NHS) 2011. According to the map of
Stats Canada, my neighbourhood of postal code M2N 6H8 boundary is in between the Finch Avenue East to Sheppard Avenue East along the
Willowdale Avenue. My neighborhood has total population of 6,321 people in 2016, which is 12.1 percent growth from 5,637 people in 2011. As
shown on the figure 1.1, this vast growth is close to twice as larger than the population growth percentage of the Toronto CMA, which is only 6.2
percent. Surprisingly, unlike my neighbourhood and rest of Toronto CMA, Ryerson's neighbourhood has shown a decrease in the population of 1.2
percent. Moreover, as presented on figure 1.2 on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For Ryerson neighbourhood, I would place it in the framework of Hoyt's sectoral model in central business district (CBD). Moreover, in the sketch
map of my neighbourhood does reflect some elements from the Lynch's mental map. The path is shown on the major streets that I have labeled
(Swales, 2017). For instances, Yonge Street, Doris Avenue, Kenneth Avenue,Finch AvenueEast and West. Node is shown from the TTC label that I
made for the Finch station. Lastly, the key landmark from my map can be Xerox building, which is located in the major intersection of Yonge and Finch

Transmigration, Lampungnese and Balinese Ethnic Principle
Transmigration has been known since 63 years ago in Indonesia, initial idea of the transmigration came over the Dutch–East Indies government.
Indonesia history noted that transmigration started when the Indonesian government was coordinated to dispatch or move 23 families (77 persons) of
Sukadana citizens, Begelen Sub–district, Central Java towards Gedong Tataan, in the northern Tandjungkarang City of Kerisidenan Lampung,
Sumatera. Migration or population movement in Indonesia known as transmigration aims for equalization the welfare and development of the regions
in Indonesia. The program aims to reduce overcrowding in Java, Madura and Bali Islands, which have problems disproportionately high population
density. Implementation period of resettlement during the last century can be divided into three periods, namely (1) the Dutch colonial era, 1905 –
1941, (2) period of Japanese occupation, 1942 – 1945, and (3) the period after the independence of Indonesia, 1945 – 2005. In the Dutch colonial era is
divided into an experimental phase of colonization between the years 1905 – 1911, the period Lampongsche volksbanks in the period 1911 – 1929, as
well as the world economic depression era between the years 1930 – 1941 . While the post independence Indonesia, divided into the reign of the old
order, the reign of the new order, as well as the reform period.
The beginning of transmigration programs aimed for positive impact of reducing the density of population on the Java Island,

Network Analysis Models For The Service Area 3 And 4
Network analysis models for the service area 3 and 4 shown in the above map. It represent the areas of service from each of the park access point with
1000 feet and 2000 feet of distances along the walkable roadways respectably. The map also shown with multiple distanced park location buffers from
500 feet to 2000 feet.
7.(15) Write a paragraph on the findings of your analysis. Include the quantitative results of your analysis. Be sure to use units that make sense, and
state a comparative quantity for reference (The North Cascades Park Complex is x acres and x acres of this area is occupied by sub–alpine fir; Seattle
people eat an average x number of cupcakes per year compared to the x number of cupcakes eaten per year by the average Seattle–dwelling puppy).
Now, all the planned analysis are done. Here are the lists of finding from each of the analysis.
Analysis 1 provide a high level visualization of the existing condition in terms of relationship between the parks and their spatial locations within
Seattle. First thing I noticed by looking at the map is many green areas are located along or adjacent to the water bodies. It is not a big surprise since
majority of Seattle is surrounded by these water bodies except the north and the south of the city. However, this natural condition doesn 't necessarily
guarantee those water lines are preserved as park. Considering that reality, City of Seattle is doing a great job to keep the parks at where they are.
Other than those

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