This document presents a summary of a student project on smart materials and nanocomposites. It defines smart materials and classifies materials into metals, ceramics, and polymers. Composites and nanocomposites are introduced as combinations of materials that produce enhanced properties. Key advantages of nanocomposites include high strength, light weight, and multifunctionality. Various engineering applications are discussed along with the need for coatings, coating components and methods. The conclusion emphasizes the protective functions of coatings and potential benefits of using nanomaterials for corrosion protection.

1. RAJKIYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
BANDA
PRESENTED BY:ASHISH KUMAR GAURAV
M.E(3rd
year)
ROLL NO:1673440011 GUIDE BY:MR.ANKUSH SINGH
RAJPOOT

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Smart material and their classifications
Need of composite and and Nanocomposite
 What is composite & Parameter on which property depend
 About nanocomposite & their property
 Nanocomposite v/s composite
 Advantage of nanocomposite & engineering application
 Need of coating & component of coating
 Method of coating
 Conclusion
 References

3. SMART MATERIALS
SMART Materials are special solids which
can be tailored to develop desired
properties applied for fabrication of devices
leading to societal benefits

4. Materials Engineering
Materials, Materials Science and Materials Scientist play a
very vital role in the development of a country
Properties of materials are size dependent
Materials scientist claim that 21st
century is the century of
materials and especially nanomaterials/smart materials

5. CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
Solid materials have conveniently been grouped into
three classes
1.Metals
2.Ceramics
3.Polymers
Combination of above materials give variety of other
materials
Now most of the new materials come under the category of
Smart Materials or Future Materials

6. THREE MAJOR ENGINEERING MATERIALS

7. For example aircraft engineers are increasingly searching for
structural materials that have low densities, are strong, stiff
and abrasion and impact resistant, and are not easily
corroded.
Frequently strong materials are relatively dense; also,
increasing the strength or stiffness generally results in a
decrease in impact resistance.
So that’s why we required smart material.
NEED OF COMPOSITE AND NANOCOMPOSITE

8. • Composites are a combination of two or more organic or inorganic
components one of which serves as a matrix holding the materials
together and then other of which serves as reinforcement in the form
of fibers
• Two inherently different materials that when combined together
produce a material with properties that exceed the constituent
materials.
• Composites are lightweight and strong but they are complex to
manufacture, expensive and hard to inspect for flaws
Composites

9. PROPERTY OF COMPOSITES
DEPEND ON:
1.constituent phases
2.relative amounts
3.geometry of dispersed
phase
4.shape of particles
5.particle size
6.particle distribution
7.particle orientation
COMPOSITE OFFER…
• HIGH STRENGTH
• LIGHT WEIGHT
• DESIGN FLEXIBILITY
• NET SHAPE
MANUFACTURING
• CONSOLIDATION OF
PARTS

10. Parameters on which properties dependParameters on which properties depend
Concentration
SizeShape
Distribution Orientation

11. A nanocomposite is as a multiphase solid material
where one of the phases has one, two or three
dimensions of less than 100 nanometers (nm),
OR
structures having nano-scale repeat distances
between the different phases that make up the
material.
NANOCOMPOSITES

12. Constituents have at least one dimension in the
nanometer scale.
– Nanoparticles (Three nano-scale dimensions)
– Nanofibers (Two nano-scale dimensions)
– Nanoclays (One nano-scale dimensions)
NANOCOMPOSITES

13. Properties of Nanocomposites
• Tiny particels with very high aspect ratio, and hence
larger surface area.
• Larger surface area enables better adhesion with the
matrix/surface.
• Improvement in the mechanical performance of the
parent material.
• Better transparency due to small size(>wavelength
of light).

14. • Small filler size:
– High surface to volume ratio
• Small distance between fillers → bulk interfacial material
– Mechanical Properties
• Increased ductility with no decrease of strength,
• Scratching resistance
– Optical properties
• Light transmission characteristics particle size dependent
Why Nanocomposites?  Multi-functionality
Strain
Stress
polymer
nanocomposite
Traditional

15. Size limits for these effects have been proposed
< 5 nm for catalytic activity
< 20 nm for making a hard magnetic material soft
< 50 nm for refractive index changes
< 100 nm for achieving superparamagnetism,
mechanical strengthening.

16. In mechanical terms, nanocomposites differ from conventional
composite materials
*Exceptionally high surface to volume ratio of the reinforcing
phase and/or its exceptionally high aspect ratio.
The reinforcing material can be made up of particles (e.g.
minerals), sheets (e.g. exfoliated clay stacks) or fibres (e.g.
carbon nanotubes or electrospun fibres).
The area of the interface between the matrix and reinforcement
phase(s) is typically an order of magnitude greater than for
conventional composite materials.
Nanocomposite VS Composite

17. Nano composites are found in nature also. It is found in
abalone (small or very large-sized edible sea snail) and
bones.
Advantage of using the nanocomposites:
• Greater tensile /flexural strength
• Reduced weight for the same performance
• Flame retardant properties
• Improved mechanical strength
• Higher electrical conductivity
• Higher chemical resistance

18. Engineering Applications: Composite materials have been used in
aerospace, automobile, and marine applications (see Figs. 1-3). Recently,
composite materials have been increasingly considered in civil engineering
structures. The latter applications include seismic retrofit of bridge columns
(Fig. 4), replacements of deteriorated bridge decks (Fig. 5), and new bridge
structures (Fig. 6).
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3
Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6

19. Why coating is needed…?
The nanocrystalline grains should have random orientation (i.e. high
angle grain boundaries) to minimize incoherent strain and facilitate
many nanocrystalline grains to slide in amorphous matrix to release
strain and obtain high toughness.
The amorphous phase must possess high structural
flexibility in order to accommodate coherent strains
without forming dangling bonds, voids, or other defects.
The presence of amorphous phase on the boundaries helps
to deflect and terminate nanocracks in addition addition to
the enhancement of grain boundary sliding, so that’s why
coating toughness is needed

21. • Pigment – Pigment are used decoratively as colorant or functional as
anticorrosion or magnetic pigment.
• Binder – The binder bonds the pigment particles to each other and to the
substrate.
• Additives - Substances added in small proportion to coating composition to
modify or improved properties
• Fillers - Mostly used to extend the volume (low price), to confer or to improve
technical properties.
• Solvent – Liquid consists of several components and dissolved binders without
chemical reaction.
Component of Coating

23. TiO2 – nanoparticles dispersion in an epoxy
resin matrix
TiO2 – nanoparticles dispersion in an epoxy
resin matrix
TiO2 – nanoparticles dispersed when sliding
against a smooth steel counterpart
TiO2 – nanoparticles dispersed when sliding
against a smooth steel counterpart
The friction and wear behavior of
nanocomposits sensitive to the dispersion
states of the nanoparticles
The friction and wear behavior of
nanocomposits sensitive to the dispersion
states of the nanoparticles
The wear resistance could be increased if
the micro structural homogeneity was
improved
The wear resistance could be increased if
the micro structural homogeneity was
improved
1. TiO2 Nanoparticle Dispersed In An Epoxy Resin (Min Zhi
Method for Coating

24. Conclusion
1. Protective coatings perform important functions
to avoid crack formation.
2. The application of nanotechnology in the
corrosion protection of metal has recently gained
momentum as nanoscale materials have unique
physical, chemical and physicochemical
properties, which may improve the corrosion
protection in comparison to bulk size material.

25. REFERENCE
1.Material Science and Engineering An Introduction by:
William D. Callister
2.Nanocomposite Science and Technology, P. M. Ajayan,
L. S. Schadler, P. V. Braun
3.Chemistry of nanomaterials: Synthesis, properties and
applications by CNR Rao (Taylor & Francis 2008)
4. Structure and Properties of Engg. Materials by: V R S
Murthy, A K Jena
5. From Research paper of NIE MYSURU
6.WEBSITE. LINKEDIN