Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD), also known as Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), is characterized by multiple cysts in the ovaries and hormone imbalance, leading to symptoms like irregular menses, weight management difficulties, and infertility. Its causes are not fully understood but involve hereditary factors, insulin resistance, and obesity, with treatment options including weight loss, ovulation induction, and surgery. Diagnosis is based on irregular cycles and can be confirmed through ultrasound and blood tests.

1. PCOD
POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN
DISEASE
PRESENTED BY: SONALI RAJPUT
COURSE: MSC MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY 1st year
ENROLLMENT NUMBER: A13156216004

2. WHAT IS PCOD?
 Also called PCOD are polycystic ovarian
syndrome (PCOS) or Stein Leventhal Syndrome
 Patients suffering from polycystic ovarian
disease(PCOD) have multiple small cysts in
their ovaries.
 These cysts occur when the regular changes of
a normal menstrual cycle are disrupted.
 The ovary is enlarged and produces excessive
amounts of androgen and estrogenic hormones.

3. PCOD

4. CAUSES OF PCOD?
 Don’t really understand what causes PCOD,though
we do know that it has a significant hereditary
component
 Often transmitted from mothers to daughters
 Characteristic polycystic ovary emerges when a state
of anovulation persists for a length of time
 Patients with PCOD have persistently elevated levels
of androgen and estrogen which set up a vicious
cycle.
 Obesity can aggravate PCOD because fatty tissue are
hormonally active
 They produce estrogen which disrupts ovulation.

5. CAUSES OF PCOD?
 Overactive adrenal gland can also produce excess
androgens and these may also contribute to PCOD
 These women also have insulin resistance (high levels
of insulin in their blood because their cells do not
respond normally to insulin
LH
LH release (but ovarian
without a surge) initiating event? androgen
frequency of GnRH estrogen
Pulse

7. SYMPTOMS OF PCOD?
 Irregular menses
 Excess androgen levels (male hormone)
 Weight management difficulties including
weight gain or difficulty losing weight
 Excess of body and facial hairgrowth known as
hirsutism
 Sleep apnea
 High cholesterol level
 High blood pressure
 Skin tags
 Infertility

10. MORE SYMPTOMS OF PCOD!
 Fatigue
 Male pattern balding
 Insulin resistance
 Type 2 diabetes
 Pelvic pain
 Depression and anxiety
 Decreased libido

11. DIAGNOSIS
 Can be easily diagnosed in some patients
 Typical medical history is that of irregular
menstrual cycle,which are unpridictable and
can be very heavy and the need to take
hormonal tablets (progestins) to induce a
periods
 Not all patients with PCOD will have all or any of
these symptoms
 Diagnosis can be confirmed by
Vaginal utlrasound
Blood test
Elevated level of androgen

12. OCCULT PCOD?
 Thin irregular periods no hirsuitism & normal
looking ovaries on ultrasound but still have
PCOD
 This problems is detected only by when these
patients are superovulated,at which producing a
large number of follicles
 Interestingly many of these patients present
with recurrent pregnancy loss |(recurrent
miscarriage)
 Often their doctors does not make the correct
diagnosis for them

14. TREATMENT OF PCOD’S?
 Weightloss
 Ovulation induction
 Surgery
 IVF