Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder affecting up to 26% of women aged 15 to 44, characterized by irregular periods, high androgen levels, and ovarian cysts. It is linked to insulin resistance, inflammation, and genetic factors, leading to various symptoms such as heavy bleeding, weight gain, and acne. Diagnosis typically involves identifying symptoms and may include physical exams and lab tests, while treatment options include medication and lifestyle changes to manage symptoms and improve fertility.

1. College of nursing
maternity

2. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
• Prepared by:__
• Aram Mustafa Ali
• Chra Mustafa Abdullah

3. Outline
• Introduction.
• What causes Of PCOS ?
• Eight Common Symptoms of PCOS.
• How PCOS is Diagnosed ?
• Pregnancy and PCOS.
• How we prevent problems from PCOS.
• Medical & Surgery Treatment.
• In summary

4. What is PCOS?
PCOS is a problem with hormones that affects women during their
childbearing years (ages 15 to 44). Between 22 and 26 percent of women in
this age group have PCOS.
PCOS affects a woman’s ovaries, the reproductive organs that produce
estrogen and progesterone — hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle.
The ovaries also produce a small amount of male hormones
called androgens.
PCOS is a “syndrome,” or group of symptoms that affects the
ovaries and ovulation. Its three main features are:
1. Cysts in the ovaries
2. High levels of male hormones
3. Irregular or skipped periods

5. What causes it?
Genes
Studies show that
PCOS runs in
families.
Insulin resistance
Up to 70 percent of women
with PCOS have insulin
resistance, meaning that their
cells can’t use insulin
properly.
When cells can’t use insulin
properly, the body’s demand
for insulin increases. The
pancreas makes more insulin
to compensate. Extra insulin
triggers the ovaries to
produce more male
hormones.
Inflammation
Women with PCOS often
have increased levels of
inflammation in their
body. Being overweight
can also contribute to
inflammation. Studies
have linked excess
inflammation to higher
androgen levels
The exact cause of PCOS is not known.
Most experts think that several factors, including

6. 8 Common Symptoms of PCOS
1. Irregular periods: A lack of ovulation prevents the uterine lining from shedding
every month. Some women with PCOS get fewer than eight periods a year .
2. Heavy bleeding: The uterine lining builds up for a longer period of time, so the
periods you do get can be heavier than normal.
3. Hair growth: More than %70 percent of women with this condition grow hair on their
face and body — including on their back, belly, and chest . Excess hair growth is
called hirsutism.
4. Acne: Male hormones can make the skin oilier than usual and cause breakouts on
areas like the face, chest, and upper back.
5. Weight gain: Up to %80 percent of women with PCOS are overweight or obese.
6. Male-pattern baldness: Hair on the scalp get thinner and fall out.
7. Darkening of the skin: Dark patches of skin can form in body creases like those on
the neck, in the groin, and under the breasts.
8. Headaches: Hormone changes can trigger headache in some women.

7. How PCOS is Diagnosed ?
Typically diagnose PCOS in women who have at least two of these three symptoms:
1. high androgen levels
2. irregular menstrual cycles
3. cysts in the ovaries
 Also can determine by this physical and lab examination like:_
 pelvic exam:- inserts gloved fingers into your vagina and checks for any growths in your ovaries or
uterus.
 Blood tests check for higher-than-normal levels of male hormones. You might also have blood tests to
check your cholesterol, insulin, and triglyceride levels to evaluate your risk for related conditions like
heart disease and diabetes.
 An ultrasound uses sound waves to look for abnormal follicles and other problems with your ovaries
and uterus.
 And Also you can ask whether women’s had symptoms like acne, face and body hair growth, and
weight gain.

8. Pregnancy and PCOS
• PCOS interrupts the normal menstrual cycle and makes it
harder to get pregnant. Between 70 and 80 percent of
women with PCOS have fertility problems.
• PCOS can also increase the risk for pregnancy
complications.
Women with PCOS are twice as likely as women without
the condition to deliver their baby prematurely. They’re
also at greater risk for miscarriage, high blood pressure,
and gestational diabetes.
• However, women with PCOS can get pregnant
using fertility treatments that improve ovulation. Losing
weight and lowering blood sugar levels can improve your
odds of having a healthy pregnancy.

9. Medical & Surgery Treatment
Birth
control
Antiandrogen
Metformin
Inositol
Clomiphene
Flutamide
Ovarian
Drilling

10. Medical & Surgery Treatment
1. Birth control:-Taking estrogen and progestin daily can restore a normal hormone balance, regulate ovulation,
relieve symptoms like excess hair growth, and protect against endometrial cancer. These hormones come in a pill,
patch, or vaginal ring.
2. Antiandrogen:-Anti-androgen drugs work by blocking the effects of androgens, such as testosterone, They do this by
binding to proteins called androgen receptors
3. Metformin:-likely plays its role in improving ovulation induction in women with PCOS through a variety of actions,
including reducing insulin levels and altering the effect of insulin on ovarian.
4. Myo-inositol:-
 Increased progesterone
 Reduce testosterone levels
 Improved insulin sensitivity
 Reduce LH
 Reduce FSH
 OVULATION
4. Clomiphene:- Ovulation induction agent.
5. Flutamide:- Nonsteroidal antiandrogen used mostly in prostate cancer but in PCOS used for Hirsutism

11. Medical & Surgery Treatment
6. Laparoscopy
• Ovarian drilling:- Surgical treatment by laparoscopy (if you
want to know how to do this operation you can see my
YouTube channel in which there is a video with Kurdish
subtitle )
• www.youtube.com/user/arammustafa85

12. How can prevent problems from PCOS
1-Healthy weight before pregnant
2-Healthy blood sugar level
3-taking medication as metformin and folic
acid
4-healthy eating habits
5- regular physical activity
6-weight loss

13. In Summary

14. In Summary

15. In Summary

16. In Summary

17. Nursing Intervention
• Emotional support
• Diet:- Teach the patient to eat a healthy diet that’s low in
simple carbohydrates and processed foods (such as
cookies) but high in fiber (as from whole grain breads and
cereals, beans, rice, fruit, Inform her that a healthy diet
• Advise to do exercise:- exercise promote blood glucose
management, which in turn helps manage insulin levels
and male hormone production.
Diet and exercise also promote weight control, helping to
regulate the menstrual cycle.
• Regardless of her age, advise the patient to have annual
physical exams as well as routine screenings for increased
blood pressure and high cholesterol and glucose levels.

18. References
1- Trivax, B., & Azziz, R. (2007). Diagnosis of polycystic ovary
syndrome. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology,50(1), 168–177.
2-Bremer, A. A. (2010). Polycystic ovary syndrome in the
pediatric population. Metabolic Syndrome and Related
Disorders, 8(5), 375–394.
3-American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
(2015). Polycystic ovary syndrome(link is external)
4-Lorenz, L. B., & Wild, R. A. (2007). Polycystic ovarian
syndrome: an evidence-based approach to evaluation and
management of diabetes and cardiovascular risks for today's
clinician. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 50, 226–243.

19. Thanks You
https://www.youtube.com/user/arammustafa85
For Your Attention