Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder affecting 5-10% of women. PCOS is diagnosed when two of three criteria are present: polycystic ovaries, irregular periods, and high androgen levels. The causes of PCOS include genetic factors, environmental triggers like obesity, and insulin resistance. Women with PCOS have increased risks of diabetes, heart disease, infertility, and endometrial cancer due to chronic high androgen levels and insulin resistance over time if left untreated. Lifestyle changes like diet and exercise can help manage symptoms and reduce health risks.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a condition
of unexplained hyperandrogenic chronic anovulation
that most likely represents a heterogenous disorder.
About 10% of women in the reproductive age group
suffer from this disorder.
PCOS (Polycystic ovary syndrome), a hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts, or fluid-filled sacs. It is a condition in which a woman's hormones are out of balance. It's a health problem that affects 1 in 10 women of childbearing age. Over the years, numerous hypothesis have been proposed regarding the proximate physiological origin for PCOS. Difference between PCOD & PCOS is important to know. A common confusion among women, is understanding the difference between having PCOS & having been diagnosed with it.
Various researches have studied the prevalence of PCOS in India (Tamil Nadu, Mumbai, Karnataka & Lucknow). Maintaining a good health is essential to prevent as well as treat hormonal disturbances & conditions. Management of these both at risk for PCOS and those with a confirmed PCOS diagnosis includes education, healthy lifestyle and therapeutic interventions targeting their symptoms.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is heterogeneous, multisystem endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age characterized by chronic anovulation resulting in infertility, irregular bleeding, obesity and hirsutism. Most common, although the least understood, cause of androgen excess. Initially it was described in 1935.Also known as Stein-Leventhal syndrome
The slide includes:
Introduction
Incidence
Pathophysiology
Pathology
Clinical features
Investigation
Treatment
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a condition
of unexplained hyperandrogenic chronic anovulation
that most likely represents a heterogenous disorder.
About 10% of women in the reproductive age group
suffer from this disorder.
PCOS (Polycystic ovary syndrome), a hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts, or fluid-filled sacs. It is a condition in which a woman's hormones are out of balance. It's a health problem that affects 1 in 10 women of childbearing age. Over the years, numerous hypothesis have been proposed regarding the proximate physiological origin for PCOS. Difference between PCOD & PCOS is important to know. A common confusion among women, is understanding the difference between having PCOS & having been diagnosed with it.
Various researches have studied the prevalence of PCOS in India (Tamil Nadu, Mumbai, Karnataka & Lucknow). Maintaining a good health is essential to prevent as well as treat hormonal disturbances & conditions. Management of these both at risk for PCOS and those with a confirmed PCOS diagnosis includes education, healthy lifestyle and therapeutic interventions targeting their symptoms.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is heterogeneous, multisystem endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age characterized by chronic anovulation resulting in infertility, irregular bleeding, obesity and hirsutism. Most common, although the least understood, cause of androgen excess. Initially it was described in 1935.Also known as Stein-Leventhal syndrome
The slide includes:
Introduction
Incidence
Pathophysiology
Pathology
Clinical features
Investigation
Treatment
This presentation briefly discuss the polycystic ovary syndrome in terms of pathogenesis, features and management. Then, It moves on to discuss the various guidelines laid down by Endocrine Society in 2013 for the management of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Symptoms, Causes and TreatmentYashodaHospitals
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive hormonal imbalance among women of reproductive age. Know more about symptoms, causes and treatment for PCOS
Information about PCOS i.e. polycystic ovarian syndrome.
It is not same as the PCOD.
This presentation contain data about causes, treatments, etiology, diagnosis, symptoms and pathophysiology of PCOS
Pcos by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s.alka mukherjee
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent endocrine-metabolic disorder that implies various severe consequences to female health, including alarming rates of infertility. Although its exact etiology remains elusive, it is known to feature several hormonal disturbances, including hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance (IR), and hyperinsulinemia. Insulin appears to disrupt all components of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-ovary axis, and ovarian tissue insulin resistance results in impaired metabolic signaling but intact mitogenic and steroidogenic activity, favoring hyperandrogenemia, which appears to be the main culprit of the clinical picture in PCOS. In turn, androgens may lead back to IR by increasing levels of free fatty acids and modifying muscle tissue composition and functionality, perpetuating this IR-hyperinsulinemia-hyperandrogenemia cycle. Nonobese women with PCOS showcase several differential features, with unique biochemical and hormonal profiles. Nevertheless, lean and obese patients have chronic inflammation mediating the long term cardiometabolic complications and comorbidities observed in women with PCOS, including dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Given these severe implications, it is important to thoroughly understand the pathophysiologic interconnections underlying PCOS, in order to provide superior therapeutic strategies and warrant improved quality of life to women with this syndrome.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Etiology, Diagnosis and ManagementAparajeya Shanker
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is a complex disease, with a constellation of etiology and symptoms. Much of the diagnosis is dependent on the laboratory tests of hormones. This presentation provides a concise and focused approach towards PCOS diagnosis and management.
For more Info visit www.healthlibrary.com "Management of PCOS in Unani System of Medicine" by Dr. Shaikh Nikhat held on 11th June 2016.
Management of PCOS in Unani System of Medicine - Unani system have the holistic approach to treat the condition like PCOD / PCOS.
This presentation briefly discuss the polycystic ovary syndrome in terms of pathogenesis, features and management. Then, It moves on to discuss the various guidelines laid down by Endocrine Society in 2013 for the management of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Symptoms, Causes and TreatmentYashodaHospitals
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive hormonal imbalance among women of reproductive age. Know more about symptoms, causes and treatment for PCOS
Information about PCOS i.e. polycystic ovarian syndrome.
It is not same as the PCOD.
This presentation contain data about causes, treatments, etiology, diagnosis, symptoms and pathophysiology of PCOS
Pcos by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s.alka mukherjee
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent endocrine-metabolic disorder that implies various severe consequences to female health, including alarming rates of infertility. Although its exact etiology remains elusive, it is known to feature several hormonal disturbances, including hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance (IR), and hyperinsulinemia. Insulin appears to disrupt all components of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-ovary axis, and ovarian tissue insulin resistance results in impaired metabolic signaling but intact mitogenic and steroidogenic activity, favoring hyperandrogenemia, which appears to be the main culprit of the clinical picture in PCOS. In turn, androgens may lead back to IR by increasing levels of free fatty acids and modifying muscle tissue composition and functionality, perpetuating this IR-hyperinsulinemia-hyperandrogenemia cycle. Nonobese women with PCOS showcase several differential features, with unique biochemical and hormonal profiles. Nevertheless, lean and obese patients have chronic inflammation mediating the long term cardiometabolic complications and comorbidities observed in women with PCOS, including dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Given these severe implications, it is important to thoroughly understand the pathophysiologic interconnections underlying PCOS, in order to provide superior therapeutic strategies and warrant improved quality of life to women with this syndrome.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Etiology, Diagnosis and ManagementAparajeya Shanker
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is a complex disease, with a constellation of etiology and symptoms. Much of the diagnosis is dependent on the laboratory tests of hormones. This presentation provides a concise and focused approach towards PCOS diagnosis and management.
For more Info visit www.healthlibrary.com "Management of PCOS in Unani System of Medicine" by Dr. Shaikh Nikhat held on 11th June 2016.
Management of PCOS in Unani System of Medicine - Unani system have the holistic approach to treat the condition like PCOD / PCOS.
PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is a combined metabolic and hormonal disorder found in women. Incidences of PCOS appear to be rising and it is now being diagnosed more often.It is seen in as many as 25 to 30% of young women.Unfortunately, due to unfavorable lifestyle changes the number of incidences of PCOS and PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disorder) are on rise.
This Presentation Includes
1. What is PCOS?
2. Symptoms of PCOS
3. PCOS risk factors
4. Life Style Factors and PCOS
5. Testing PCOS
6. PCOS linked Infertility
7. Managing PCOS
8. Life Style Changes to manage PCOS
we had described 7 classical symptoms of pcos in simple language for patients. kindly visit your physician for detail diagnosis.
regards ayusanjivani ayurveada
Pcod(polycystic ovary disease) problem, pcos most common factor for woman i...tanvi aggerwal
PCOD is a common problem among youth. Dr Sweta Gupta(https://www.elawoman.com/gurgaon/doctor/dr-sweta-gupta) of Medicover Fertility(https://www.elawoman.com/delhi/clinic/medicover-fertility-clinic-panchsheel-park) it is suggested to loose weight in PCOD whereas Dr. Sagarika Aggarwal(https://www.elawoman.com/delhi/doctor/dr-sagarika-aggarwal) of Indira IVF (https://www.elawoman.com/delhi/clinic/indira-ivf-south-patel-nagar)says eat fruits and vegetables to avoid PCOD.
Science, practice and evidence are dynamic processes. This is typically vivid when it relates to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. PCOS is the commonest hyperandrogenic disorder in women and one of the most common causes of ovulatory infertility. Although polycystic ovaries were first described by the Italian scientist Vallisneri in 1721, it was largely forgotten until the 1930s, and then renamed after its rediscoverers as Stein-Leventhal syndrome. Even then, it still wasn’t until the invention of the ultrasound scanner in the 1980s and consensus of diagnosis in the early 1990s that PCOS was recognized on a wider scale in women of reproductive age. When attempting to diagnose with precision something that is complex, it is important that we first clearly define what it is we are trying to diagnose. PCOS is today seen as a heterogeneous syndrome where a range of symptoms may be present or absent, and may overlap with other conditions, it is perhaps best viewed as a spectrum of symptoms, pathologic findings and laboratory abnormalities. PCOS can be difficult to conceptualize, even for experts, as shown by the fact that there have been several different ways of diagnosing it over the years.
More recently, the fundamental role of hyperandrogenism has been pointed out.
However, PCOS compromises other pathological conditions that strongly modify the phenotype and play a dominant role in the pathophysiology of the disorder, including insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, obesity and metabolic disorders, all favoring together with androgen excess, an increased susceptibility to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and, possibly, cardiovascular diseases. PCOS by itself may also have some genetic component as documented by familial aggregation and recent genetic studies. All the clinical features may however change throughout the lifespan, starting from adolescence to postmenopausal age. Therefore, PCOS should be considered as a lifetime disorder.
I sincerely hope that with the recommended readings attached and lecture, you will be able to strengthen your knowledge, thereby providing evidence-based medicine practice for the management of PCOS in a successful manner to improve and better women’s Health care. The best investment you can make is an investment in yourself. The more you learn, the more you’ll earn (Warren Buffett), so read as much as you can.
Thank You.
Regards: Rafi Rozan
*I hope its help you all for preparation part 1 exam for MRCOG & MOG and your daily job.Good Luck May ALLAH bless our work and study,Good luck to all.dont forget to pray to ALLAH.if i wrong please correct me..process of learning..
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
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||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
2. INTRODUCTION
• PCOS could be defined when two of the
three following criteria are present:
1)polycystic ovaries (either 12 or more
peripheral follicles 2-9mm in diameter or
increased ovarian volume > 10 cm3).
2)oligo- or anovulation.
3)clinical and/or biochemical signs of
hyperandrogenism.
3.
4.
5. PREVALENCE
• About 5- 10 % of reproductive age
females have clinical or biochemical signs
of anovulation and androgen excess .
6. ETIOLOGIES
• No one is quite sure what causes PCOS, and it
is likely to be the result of:
1)genetic (inherited)
2)environmental factors.
3)Metabolic disorder (IR)
7. GENETIC FACTOR
• Women with PCOS often have a mother
or sister with the condition, and
researchers are examining the role that
genetics or gene mutations might play in
its development.
9. INSULIN RESISTANCE (IR)
• A malfunction of the body's blood sugar
control system (insulin system) is frequent
in women with PCOS, who often have
insulin resistance and elevated blood
insulin levels, and researchers believe that
these abnormalities may be related to the
development of PCOS.
16. • It is also known that the ovaries of women
with PCOS produce excess amounts of
male hormones known as androgens. This
excessive production of male hormones
may be a result of or related to the
abnormalities in insulin production.
23. DIAGNOSIS
• Diagnosis of PCOS can only be made
when other etiologies have been excluded
(thyroid dysfunction, congenital adrenal
hyperplasia, hyperprolactinaemia,
androgen-secreting tumours and Cushing
syndrome).
24. • In the past (before 2003) :
Necessary Lab Tests or USG
• Now ( after 2003):
Clinical grounds + USG
Lab,only for( IR & DD & Risks ).
25.
26. • A raised luteinising hormone/follicle-stimulating
hormone ratio is no longer a diagnostic criteria
for PCOS owing to its inconsistency.
• Elevated free testosterone level (total
testosterone divided by sex hormone binding
globulin (SHBG) x 100 to give a calculated free
testosterone level)
- Raised in total testosteronereduced
SHBG=doubling free testosterone
27.
28.
29. PCO VS MULTICYSTIC OVARIES
• Polycystic ovaries
– Bilateral
– Multiple cysts
– Cyst dia <10 mm
– Stroma increased
• Multicystic ovaries
– Bilateral
– Multiple cysts
– Cyst dia > 10 mm
– Stroma not
increased
31. TREATMENT
• Aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing
adverse long term effects.
• The target symptoms are:
-Infertility
-Hirsutism
-Amenorrhea
32. • First line treatment- prevention of peripupertal
obesity (50% of PCOS In adolescents are50% of PCOS In adolescents are
obese).obese).
• Life- style modifications:
Diet modification
Weight loss
Exercise
Psychosocial support.
Cessation smoking.
33. A weight loss of only 5% of total body
weight is associated with:
• Decreased insulin levels
• improved menstrual function
• reduced hirsutism and acne
• lower testosterone levels.
36. LONG TERM EFFECTS OF PCOS
PCOS
CVD
Gout
Obesity
Hirsutism
Infertility
Endometrial
Cancer
Gallbladder
Disease
NIDDM
37. NIDDM
• Type II DM or Insulin Resistance (IR)
• Women presenting with PCOS, particularly if:
-they are obese (BMI > 30)
-strong family history of type 2 diabetes or
-they are over the age of 40 years,
are at increased risk of type 2 diabetes and should
be offered a glucose tolerance test.
38. CVD
• It has been suggested that women with PCOS
may have a higher cardiovascular risk than
weight-matched controls with normal ovarian
function.
• Increased cardiovascular risk factors such as
obesity, hyperandrogenism, hyperlipidaemia and
hyperinsulinaemia.
39. • Their abnormal lipid profiles mainly consist of
raised triglycerides, total and low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol.
• The elevation of risk factors in young women
with PCOS may therefore put them at higher risk
of developing accelerated atherosclerosis
resulting in myocardial infarction.
40. ENDOMETRIAL Ca
• It has been known for many years that
severe oligo- and amenorrhoea in the
presence of premenopausal levels of
estrogen can lead to endometrial
hyperplasia and carcinoma.
• In women with PCOS intervals between
menstruation of more than 3 months may
be associated with endometrial
hyperplasia.
41. • Regular induction of a withdrawal bleed
with cyclical gestogens, such as
progestogens, oral contraceptive pills or
the Mirena® intrauterine system would be
advisable in oligomenorrhoeic women with
PCOS.