Information about PCOS i.e. polycystic ovarian syndrome.
It is not same as the PCOD.
This presentation contain data about causes, treatments, etiology, diagnosis, symptoms and pathophysiology of PCOS
PCOS (Polycystic ovary syndrome), a hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts, or fluid-filled sacs. It is a condition in which a woman's hormones are out of balance. It's a health problem that affects 1 in 10 women of childbearing age. Over the years, numerous hypothesis have been proposed regarding the proximate physiological origin for PCOS. Difference between PCOD & PCOS is important to know. A common confusion among women, is understanding the difference between having PCOS & having been diagnosed with it.
Various researches have studied the prevalence of PCOS in India (Tamil Nadu, Mumbai, Karnataka & Lucknow). Maintaining a good health is essential to prevent as well as treat hormonal disturbances & conditions. Management of these both at risk for PCOS and those with a confirmed PCOS diagnosis includes education, healthy lifestyle and therapeutic interventions targeting their symptoms.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a condition
of unexplained hyperandrogenic chronic anovulation
that most likely represents a heterogenous disorder.
About 10% of women in the reproductive age group
suffer from this disorder.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Symptoms, Causes and TreatmentYashodaHospitals
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive hormonal imbalance among women of reproductive age. Know more about symptoms, causes and treatment for PCOS
PCOS (Polycystic ovary syndrome), a hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts, or fluid-filled sacs. It is a condition in which a woman's hormones are out of balance. It's a health problem that affects 1 in 10 women of childbearing age. Over the years, numerous hypothesis have been proposed regarding the proximate physiological origin for PCOS. Difference between PCOD & PCOS is important to know. A common confusion among women, is understanding the difference between having PCOS & having been diagnosed with it.
Various researches have studied the prevalence of PCOS in India (Tamil Nadu, Mumbai, Karnataka & Lucknow). Maintaining a good health is essential to prevent as well as treat hormonal disturbances & conditions. Management of these both at risk for PCOS and those with a confirmed PCOS diagnosis includes education, healthy lifestyle and therapeutic interventions targeting their symptoms.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a condition
of unexplained hyperandrogenic chronic anovulation
that most likely represents a heterogenous disorder.
About 10% of women in the reproductive age group
suffer from this disorder.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Symptoms, Causes and TreatmentYashodaHospitals
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive hormonal imbalance among women of reproductive age. Know more about symptoms, causes and treatment for PCOS
This presentation briefly discuss the polycystic ovary syndrome in terms of pathogenesis, features and management. Then, It moves on to discuss the various guidelines laid down by Endocrine Society in 2013 for the management of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
PCOD prompts disturbances in the menstrual cycle that normally start around the beginning of puberty. Menstrual cycles might be ordinary from the outset and after that become unpredictable, or the beginning of menses might be deferred. The menstrual abnormalities of PCOD are joined by an absence of ovulation, so influenced ladies may encounter infertility. The desire for pregnancy is a factor that prompts numerous ladies with PCOD to initially look for medicinal consideration i.e. PCOD profile tests.
Visit us @http://bit.ly/35UIaV8
PCOS is a hormonal disorder. These days Every other woman is suffering from PCOS. PCOS is due to combination of genetic and environmental factors. Researches show PCOS has no cure. Only lifestyle changes can help in dealing with it.
Science, practice and evidence are dynamic processes. This is typically vivid when it relates to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. PCOS is the commonest hyperandrogenic disorder in women and one of the most common causes of ovulatory infertility. Although polycystic ovaries were first described by the Italian scientist Vallisneri in 1721, it was largely forgotten until the 1930s, and then renamed after its rediscoverers as Stein-Leventhal syndrome. Even then, it still wasn’t until the invention of the ultrasound scanner in the 1980s and consensus of diagnosis in the early 1990s that PCOS was recognized on a wider scale in women of reproductive age. When attempting to diagnose with precision something that is complex, it is important that we first clearly define what it is we are trying to diagnose. PCOS is today seen as a heterogeneous syndrome where a range of symptoms may be present or absent, and may overlap with other conditions, it is perhaps best viewed as a spectrum of symptoms, pathologic findings and laboratory abnormalities. PCOS can be difficult to conceptualize, even for experts, as shown by the fact that there have been several different ways of diagnosing it over the years.
More recently, the fundamental role of hyperandrogenism has been pointed out.
However, PCOS compromises other pathological conditions that strongly modify the phenotype and play a dominant role in the pathophysiology of the disorder, including insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, obesity and metabolic disorders, all favoring together with androgen excess, an increased susceptibility to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and, possibly, cardiovascular diseases. PCOS by itself may also have some genetic component as documented by familial aggregation and recent genetic studies. All the clinical features may however change throughout the lifespan, starting from adolescence to postmenopausal age. Therefore, PCOS should be considered as a lifetime disorder.
I sincerely hope that with the recommended readings attached and lecture, you will be able to strengthen your knowledge, thereby providing evidence-based medicine practice for the management of PCOS in a successful manner to improve and better women’s Health care. The best investment you can make is an investment in yourself. The more you learn, the more you’ll earn (Warren Buffett), so read as much as you can.
Thank You.
Regards: Rafi Rozan
Pcos by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s.alka mukherjee
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent endocrine-metabolic disorder that implies various severe consequences to female health, including alarming rates of infertility. Although its exact etiology remains elusive, it is known to feature several hormonal disturbances, including hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance (IR), and hyperinsulinemia. Insulin appears to disrupt all components of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-ovary axis, and ovarian tissue insulin resistance results in impaired metabolic signaling but intact mitogenic and steroidogenic activity, favoring hyperandrogenemia, which appears to be the main culprit of the clinical picture in PCOS. In turn, androgens may lead back to IR by increasing levels of free fatty acids and modifying muscle tissue composition and functionality, perpetuating this IR-hyperinsulinemia-hyperandrogenemia cycle. Nonobese women with PCOS showcase several differential features, with unique biochemical and hormonal profiles. Nevertheless, lean and obese patients have chronic inflammation mediating the long term cardiometabolic complications and comorbidities observed in women with PCOS, including dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Given these severe implications, it is important to thoroughly understand the pathophysiologic interconnections underlying PCOS, in order to provide superior therapeutic strategies and warrant improved quality of life to women with this syndrome.
PCOD occurs when a woman’s hormones are imbalanced and numerous cysts accumulate in the ovaries. The only way to identify PCOD is only through the symptoms. Because of the seriousness of the complications that can arise from PCOD, it is extremely important to seek treatment for it immediately. To know more about it, read on…
The objectives of this report includes, introducing and looking at the overview of the topic of PCOS, the history of PCOS and what have we learnt about PCOS 1970-2018 etc.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods or excess male hormone (androgen) levels. The ovaries may develop numerous small collections of fluid (follicles) and fail to regularly release eggs
This presentation briefly discuss the polycystic ovary syndrome in terms of pathogenesis, features and management. Then, It moves on to discuss the various guidelines laid down by Endocrine Society in 2013 for the management of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
PCOD prompts disturbances in the menstrual cycle that normally start around the beginning of puberty. Menstrual cycles might be ordinary from the outset and after that become unpredictable, or the beginning of menses might be deferred. The menstrual abnormalities of PCOD are joined by an absence of ovulation, so influenced ladies may encounter infertility. The desire for pregnancy is a factor that prompts numerous ladies with PCOD to initially look for medicinal consideration i.e. PCOD profile tests.
Visit us @http://bit.ly/35UIaV8
PCOS is a hormonal disorder. These days Every other woman is suffering from PCOS. PCOS is due to combination of genetic and environmental factors. Researches show PCOS has no cure. Only lifestyle changes can help in dealing with it.
Science, practice and evidence are dynamic processes. This is typically vivid when it relates to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. PCOS is the commonest hyperandrogenic disorder in women and one of the most common causes of ovulatory infertility. Although polycystic ovaries were first described by the Italian scientist Vallisneri in 1721, it was largely forgotten until the 1930s, and then renamed after its rediscoverers as Stein-Leventhal syndrome. Even then, it still wasn’t until the invention of the ultrasound scanner in the 1980s and consensus of diagnosis in the early 1990s that PCOS was recognized on a wider scale in women of reproductive age. When attempting to diagnose with precision something that is complex, it is important that we first clearly define what it is we are trying to diagnose. PCOS is today seen as a heterogeneous syndrome where a range of symptoms may be present or absent, and may overlap with other conditions, it is perhaps best viewed as a spectrum of symptoms, pathologic findings and laboratory abnormalities. PCOS can be difficult to conceptualize, even for experts, as shown by the fact that there have been several different ways of diagnosing it over the years.
More recently, the fundamental role of hyperandrogenism has been pointed out.
However, PCOS compromises other pathological conditions that strongly modify the phenotype and play a dominant role in the pathophysiology of the disorder, including insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, obesity and metabolic disorders, all favoring together with androgen excess, an increased susceptibility to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and, possibly, cardiovascular diseases. PCOS by itself may also have some genetic component as documented by familial aggregation and recent genetic studies. All the clinical features may however change throughout the lifespan, starting from adolescence to postmenopausal age. Therefore, PCOS should be considered as a lifetime disorder.
I sincerely hope that with the recommended readings attached and lecture, you will be able to strengthen your knowledge, thereby providing evidence-based medicine practice for the management of PCOS in a successful manner to improve and better women’s Health care. The best investment you can make is an investment in yourself. The more you learn, the more you’ll earn (Warren Buffett), so read as much as you can.
Thank You.
Regards: Rafi Rozan
Pcos by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s.alka mukherjee
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent endocrine-metabolic disorder that implies various severe consequences to female health, including alarming rates of infertility. Although its exact etiology remains elusive, it is known to feature several hormonal disturbances, including hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance (IR), and hyperinsulinemia. Insulin appears to disrupt all components of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-ovary axis, and ovarian tissue insulin resistance results in impaired metabolic signaling but intact mitogenic and steroidogenic activity, favoring hyperandrogenemia, which appears to be the main culprit of the clinical picture in PCOS. In turn, androgens may lead back to IR by increasing levels of free fatty acids and modifying muscle tissue composition and functionality, perpetuating this IR-hyperinsulinemia-hyperandrogenemia cycle. Nonobese women with PCOS showcase several differential features, with unique biochemical and hormonal profiles. Nevertheless, lean and obese patients have chronic inflammation mediating the long term cardiometabolic complications and comorbidities observed in women with PCOS, including dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Given these severe implications, it is important to thoroughly understand the pathophysiologic interconnections underlying PCOS, in order to provide superior therapeutic strategies and warrant improved quality of life to women with this syndrome.
PCOD occurs when a woman’s hormones are imbalanced and numerous cysts accumulate in the ovaries. The only way to identify PCOD is only through the symptoms. Because of the seriousness of the complications that can arise from PCOD, it is extremely important to seek treatment for it immediately. To know more about it, read on…
The objectives of this report includes, introducing and looking at the overview of the topic of PCOS, the history of PCOS and what have we learnt about PCOS 1970-2018 etc.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods or excess male hormone (androgen) levels. The ovaries may develop numerous small collections of fluid (follicles) and fail to regularly release eggs
Introduction.
What causes Of PCOS ?
Eight Common Symptoms of PCOS.
How PCOS is Diagnosed ?
Pregnancy and PCOS.
How we prevent problems from PCOS.
Medical & Surgery Treatment.
In summary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouvn20oFTls
PCOD or PCOS is a condition that affects women’s ovaries, the reproductive organs that produce progesterone and estrogen hormones that help in regulating the menstrual cycle and also produce small amount of hormones inhibin, relaxin, and male hormones called androgens.
Almost 10% of women in the world is suffering from PCOD. In compare to PCOD women with PCOS produce higher-than-normal amounts of male hormones. This hormone imbalance causes them to skip menstrual periods and makes it harder for them to get pregnant.
PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease) is a medical condition in which the woman ovaries produce immature or partially mature eggs in large numbers and over the time these become cysts in ovaries. Due to this ovaries become large and secrete large amount of male hormones (androgens) causing infertility, irregular menstrual cycles, hair loss and abnormal weight gain. PCOD can be controlled by diet and lifestyle modifications.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects individuals with ovaries, typically during their reproductive years. PCOS is characterized by a combination of symptoms, and its exact cause is not fully understood.
Similar to PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) (20)
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Are There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdf
PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome)
1.
2. INTRODUCTION
• PCOS was described first in 1935 by Stein & Leventhal.
• It is the most common cause of infertility in women
which is frequently seen in adolescence.
• “PCOS is a syndrome manifested by amenorrhea,
hirsutism and obesity associated with enlarged polycystic
ovaries.”
• It is a heterogenous disorder characterized by excess
androgen production by the ovaries that interferes with
the reproductive, endocrine & metabolic functions.
• Consequences- Increased risk for metabolic syndrome,
type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease &
endometrial carcinoma
3. INCIDENCE
• Most common endocrine disorder affecting 5-10% women of reproductive
age (15-45 years).
• Incidence is increasing fast with change in life style & stress.
• Most frequent (20%) cause of infertility in women.
• Strongly associated with Insulin Resistance that creates risk for Diabetes,
Cardiovascular disorders & Hypertension.
4. ETIOLOGY
• The cause of polycystic ovary syndrome isn't well understood, but
may involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
• Symptoms include menstrual irregularity, excess hair growth, acne
and obesity.
• There are four types of PCOS:
• Insulin-resistant PCOS
• Pill-induced PCOS
• Inflammatory PCOS
• Hidden PCOS
5. • Insulin resistance PCOS- most common type.This is caused by smoking,
sugar, pollution and trans fat. In this, high levels of insulin prevent ovulation
and trigger the ovaries to create testosterone
• Pill induced PCOS- second most common type. It gets developed due to the
birth control pills which suppress ovulation.
• Inflammatory PCOS- ovulation is prevented, hormones get imbalanced and
androgens are produced. Inflammation is caused due to stress, toxins of
environment and gluten.
• Hidden PCOS- simpler form, once the cause is addressed then it takes about
three to four months to get resolved. Causes of Hidden PCOS:Thyroid
disease, deficiency of iodine (ovaries need iodine), vegetarian diet ( it makes
you zinc deficient and the ovaries need zinc) and artificial sweeteners.
6. DIAGNOSIS
• There's no test to definitively diagnose PCOS.
• Doctor have to know about all the signs and symptoms the person noticed, period
problems, weight changes, family’s medical history, including whether her mother or sister
has PCOS or problems getting pregnant as PCOS tends to run in families.
• One may diagnose PCOS if patient have at least two of these symptoms:
• Irregular periods.
• Higher levels of androgen (male hormones) shown in blood tests or through symptoms like
acne, male-pattern balding, or extra hair growth on your face, chin, or body.
• Cysts in your ovaries in an ultrasound exam.
7. • Physical Exam- A doctor may check patient’s
blood pressure, BMI, and waist size. She may
also look at her skin to check for extra hair
growth, acne, and discolored skin.
• Pelvic exam:Your doctor will look at and feel
areas of your body including the vagina, cervix,
uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and rectum,
checking for anything unusual.
8. • Pelvic ultrasound (sonogram):The doctor will check for cysts in ovaries and how
thick the endometrium is in the uterus. It may be thicker than normal if periods are
irregular. Ovaries may be 1½ to 3 times larger than normal when one have PCOS.
• enlarged ovaries with multiple small follicles
• Peripheral location of follicles:-string of pearl appearance
• 12 or more follicles measuring 2-9 mm
• Hyperechoic central stroma
• Irregular ovarian outline
9. Blood tests
• FSH- affects ability to get pregnant. its level might be lower than normal, or even
normal, if patient have PCOS.
• LH- encourages ovulation. It could be higher than normal.
• * normal LH/FSH ratio is 1.5:1, but in PCOS it become up to 3:1
• Testosterone- higher in women with PCOS.
• Estrogens- level may be normal or high if patient have PCOS.
• SHBG- may be lower than normal.
• Androstenedione- may be at a higher-than-normal level.
• hCG-This is a hormone test that can check to see if you’re pregnant.
• Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH): check how well ovaries are working and to help
estimate how far off menopause may be.The levels would be higher with PCOS.
• TSH- to check thyroid function
• Free cortisol & creatinine levels- rule out Cushing syndrome
• 17-hydroxyprogestrone- to rule out congenital adrenal hyperplasia
• Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) –marker for adrenal hyperandrogenism;
elevated in PCOS
10. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• Female with PCOS have HA-IR-AN syndrome.
• hyperandrogenism (HA)
• insulin resistance (IR)
• acanthosis nigricans (AN).
15. LONGTERM COMPLICATIONS
• Metabolic syndrome
• Acanthosis nigricans
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus- due to insulin resistance
and hyperglycemia.
• Heart diseases- due to disbalanced lipid profiles.
• Hypertension
• Dyslipidemia
• Endometrial cancer- due to increased estrogen and
decreased progesterone.
• Breast cancer- due to increased estrogen.
• Recurrent pregnancy loss- due to decreased
progesterone.
• Ovarian failure after surgery- ovarian insufficiency
16. Metabolic Syndrome
• Results from the interaction of insulin
resistance with obesity and age
• Co-occurrence of metabolic risk
factors for type 2 diabetes &
cardiovascular disease, including
abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia,
elevated triglycerides, low HDL
cholesterol, and hypertension.
• Approximately 25 %of adolescents
with PCOS have metabolic syndrome
17. • Acanthosis nigricans skin patches occur
when epidermal skin cells begin to
reproduce rapidly.This abnormal skin cell
growth is most commonly triggered by
high levels of insulin in the blood. In rare
cases, the increase in skin cells may be
caused by medications, cancer, or other
medical conditions
23. • no fertility desired
Monophasic antiandrogenic OCP
– Orthocyclen (norgestimate)
– Desogen or Orthocept (desogestrel)
–Yasmin
• Fertility issues
– Metformin
–Thiazolidinediones
• Insulin resistance
• – Metformin
• • Function
• – Lowers hepatic glucose production by reducing
gluconeogenesis
• – Increases peripheral glucose uptake by skeletal
muscle and adipose tissue
• – Reduces intestinal glucose absorption
• • Outcomes
• – Estimated 31% reduction in development of type II
DM over mean period 3 years
• –Taken during pregnancy, reduction in gestational
diabetes and major fetal complications
27. Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling (LOD)
• It is second line therapy in case of CC (clomiphene
citrate) failure or resistance or who have
completed six ovulatory cycles without
pregnancy.
• Also known as ovarian diathermy.
• It is done following the rule of four- using 40-
watt current for 4 sec and making four punctures
on each ovary.
