Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder affecting 5-10% of women of reproductive age, characterized by abnormal ovarian function and elevated androgen levels. It has various types linked to causes such as insulin resistance and genetic factors, and can lead to complications like infertility and cardiovascular disease. Diagnosis involves physical exams and tests, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms through lifestyle changes and medications.

1. Santanu Samanta (B20081)
SK Sohaillur Islam (B20082)
Arjun Sadhukhan (B20083)
Shubhadip Jana (B20084)
US MA’AM

2. CONTENTS
ETIOLOGY
TYPES OF PCOS
HISTORY
DEFINITION
TREATMENT
DIAGNOSIS
COMPLICATIONS
SYMPTOMS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
THE END

3. DEFINITION
The full name of PCOS is –Polycystic ovary
syndrome.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder
of chronically abnormal ovarian function and
hyperandrogenism (abnormally elevated
androgen IQ levels). It affects 5-10% of women
of reproductive age. The ovaries may develop
numerous small collection of fluid (follicles)
and fail to regularly release eggs.
PCOS is also called the Stein-Leventhal
syndrome.

4. HISTORY OF PCOS
From the history of PCOS we get some
information that
 First described by Stein & Leventhal(1935).
 First published description 1721 in Italy.
 Cyst-related ovarian changes described
1844.
 Other names for PCOS ,are functional
ovarian hyperandrogenism, ovarian
hyperthecosis and Stein-Leventhal
syndrome.
 Not all woman with PCO will have PCOS and not all
women with PCOS have PCO.

5. TYPES OF PCOS
Mainly there are 4 types of PCOS
1. Insulin-resistant PCOS
2. Post-Pill PCOS
3. Inflammatory PCOS
4. Adrenal PCOS

6. ETIOLOGY
Causes:-
The cause of PCOS isn’t well understood,
Factors that might play role include.
 High levels of insulin:-Excess insulin might
increase androgen production, causing
difficulty with ovulation.
 Low grade inflammation:-Woman with
PCOS experience a low-grade inflammation
that may stimulate polycystic ovaries to
produce androgens.
 Excess androgen:-Overproduction of androgen by ovaries may lead to
hirsutism and acne.
 Heredity:-Certain genetic correlation may exist with PCOS in women.

7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Insulin resistance
Cells unable to respond to insulin
Interruption in Glucose
metabolism
Storage of Glucose in body
Weight Gain/Obesity
Excess Insulin
↑↑Androgen
Anovulation
LH/FSH level Imbalance
In normal condition in beginning of menstrual cycle
There is low LH And high FSH
But in case PCOS there is low FSH and high LH
↑↑LH
↑↑Androgen
↑testosterone
Hirsutism
↓↓FSH
NO ovulation &
Irregular
menstruation
cycle

8. SYMPTOMS
Signs and symptoms of PCOS often develop around the time of
the first menstrual period during puberty
Irregular periods -
Excess androgen-
Polycystic ovaries-
Some common symptoms are:-
 Fatigue
 Hirsutism
 Thinning hair on the head
 Acne
 Darkening of skin
 Pelvic pain
 Headache
 Mood changes

9. COMPLICATIONS
Complications of PCOS can include:-
 Infertility
 Miscarriage or premature birth
 Inflammation of liver
 Metabolic syndrome like high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal
cholesterol levels that increase your risk of cardiovascular disease.
Others common complication of PCOS:-
 Sleep problem
 Depression, anxiety and eating disorders
 Abnormal uterine Bleeding.
 Cancer of the uterine lining (Endometrial cancer)
 Obesity is associated with PCOS and can worsen complication of the disorder

10. DIAGNOSIS
There's no test to definitively diagnose
PCOS.A physical exam will include checking
for signs of excess hair growth ,insulin
resistance and acne.
Doctor might then recommended:
 Pelvic exam, the doctors visually and manually
inspects your reproductive organs for masses,
growth or other abnormalities.
 Blood tests: blood tests check for higher-than
normal levels of male hormones, and you check
to your cholesterol,insulin,and triglyceride
levels.
 An ultrasound: it uses sound waves to look for abnormal follicles and
other problems with your ovaries and uterus.

11. TREATMENT
PCOS treatment focuses on managing our individual corners, such as
infertility,hirsutism,acne, obesity. Specific treatment might involve
lifestyle changes or medication.
 Obesity:-Changes to diet,exercise,medications
 Used medications and cosmetic treatments like waxing,laser,electrolysis for
stopped hirsutism (hairiness)
 Acne: used topical creams ,medications, i.e., oral contraceptive pill,anti-
androgens, over water consuming, retinoids.
 Diabetes: weight loss, exercise must ,and medications
 To regulate our menstrual cycle, our doctor might recommended:-
1.Combination of birth control pills
2.Progesteron containing drugs
3. In vitro fertilization (IVF)

12. BEST MEDICATIONS TO TREAT
PCOS:
• Clomiphene:-This oral anti-estrogen
medication is taken during the first part
of your menstrual cycle.
• Letrozole:-(Femara) its breast cancer
treatment can work to stimulate the
ovaries.
• Metformin:- this oral medication for type
2 diabetes improves insulin resistance and
lowers insulin levels.