This document discusses biodegradation, which is the breakdown of organic substances by living organisms. It provides an introduction to biodegradation and lists some biodegradable products. The mechanisms of aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation are explained. Factors that affect the rate of biodegradation include temperature, moisture, nutrient availability and the type of material. Biodegradable plastics are made from materials like cornstarch that allow them to break down naturally. The advantages of biodegradable products include less pollution and being more environmentally friendly.

1. BIODEGRADATION
SUPERVISED BY: MISS. PALLAVI G. SHIWANKAR
PRESENTED BY:
MISS. SANAJANA S. POHARKAR
M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY 2nd YEAR (SEM.III)
ST. FRANCIS DE SALE’S COLLEGE, NAGPUR.

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 LIST OF BIODEGRADABLE
PRODUCTS
 FACTORS AFFECTING ON
BIODEGRADATION RATE
 BIODEGRABALE PLASTICS
 ADVANTAGES
 REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
•Contaminations resulting
from various human activities
creates major environmental
problems.
•Mechanical and chemical
methods used to treat this
have less limited effectiveness
and cost is very high.
•Biodegradation is natural
way of recycling wastes.

4. BIODEGRADATION
Biodegradation
is breaking down
of organic
substance by the
help of living
organisms.

5. Biodegradation is
process by which
substance are broken
down by the
environmental
effects and by the
living organisms.

6. MECHANISM OF BIODEGRADATION
1.Aerobically
2.Anaerobically

7. In presence of
oxygen
Aerobes
Xanthomonas
ssp.
AEROBIC BIODEGRADATION

8. ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION
Absence of
oxygen
Acetic acid
forming bacteria,
methane forming
bacteria
Clostridia,
Eubacterium ssp.

9. ANAEROBIC
Hydrolysis Acidogenesis Acetogenesis Methanogenesis

10. Complex organic
material
Basic
monomer
Hydrolysis (By
hydrolytic enzymes)
Acidogenesis
(fermenting
bacteria)
HydrogenOrganic
acid
Acetogenesis
(Acitogen
bacteria)
Acetate Hydrogen
Archael
methanogen
Methane

11. LIST OF BIODEGRADABLE PRODUCTS

12. SOME BIODEGRADABLE PRODUCTS
Biodegradable detergent and
soap
Organic Waste
Plant pesticide
Biodegradable bags

13. TIME SPANS OF BIODEGRADABLE
PRODUCTS
PRODUCTS TIME SPANS
Tree leaves 1 year
Cotton cloth 1 to 5 month
Paper 2 to 5 month
Wool 1 to 5 year
Nylon 30 to 40 year
Orange peel 6 month
Banana peel A week

14. FACTORS AFFECTING ON
BIODEGRADATION RATE

15. BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC
 Biodegradable plastic is able
to break down (fragments) when
discarded in dump or in
sunlight.
 It is made by using addition
Acolyte and cornstarch which
help to degrade plastic.

16.  Biodegradable plastics is
plastic that has been treated to
be easily broken down by
microorganisms and return to
nature.
 The biodegradable of plastics
is dependent on the chemical
structure of material.

17. PLASTIC BAG PAPER BAG

18. FACTORS THAT CONSIDER BEFOR
MARKETING NEW PLASTIC WOULD
BE:
• Ability to recycling
• Ability to photo degrade , biodegrade
• Use less gas and oil in manufacturing
• Strength and versatility

19. RECYCLING
PROCESS
1. COLLECTION
2. SEPARATING
3. SORTING
4. SHREDDIG
AND MELTING
5. FLACKING

20. ADVANTAGES
Compostability
Less pollution
Fuel efficiency
Less harmful to environment

21. REFERENCES
 Eskander, Samir & Saleh, Hosam El-Din. (2017).
Biodegradation: Process Mechanism.
 Matsumura, S. (2005). Mechanism of biodegradation.
10.1533/9781845690762.3.357.
 Eskander, Samir & Saleh, Hosam El-Din. (2017).
Biodegradation: Process Mechanism.
 Indu Shekhar Thakur, Environmental Biotechnology
.349-355.
 Pradipta Kumar Mohapatra, Environmental
Biotechnology. 222-234

22.  https://www.researchgate.net/topic/Biodegradation-
Mechanisms-and-Pathways