Polar and Non-Polar Dielectrics.pptx
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Dielectrics are materials that are poor conductors of electricity and contain no free electrons, allowing them to be polarized when an electric field is applied. There are two types of dielectrics: polar dielectrics, which have a permanent separation of positive and negative charges even without an external field, and non-polar dielectrics, where the charges coincide and there is no permanent dipole moment. Examples of polar dielectrics include HCl, H2O, and O2, while examples of non-polar dielectrics include H2, CO2, and O2.
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This document discusses polar and nonpolar molecules. It defines polarity as separation of electric charge leading to a molecule having a partial positive and negative end. Polar bonds form when electrons are shared unequally between atoms, while nonpolar bonds form when electrons are shared equally. Whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar depends on whether it has any polar bonds and if it has symmetrical charge distribution. Polar molecules are asymmetrical with polar bonds and have higher melting/boiling points, while nonpolar molecules have symmetrical or equal charge distribution. The document provides examples and exercises to classify different types of bonds and molecules.
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Materials can be classified as insulators, conductors, or semiconductors based on their resistivity. Insulators do not conduct electricity well, conductors conduct electricity easily, and semiconductors have intermediate conductivity that can be modified. Semiconductors form the basis of modern electronics and their properties are determined by their crystal structure, electronic band structure, and ability to be doped with impurities to create excess electrons or holes. The Fermi level and Fermi-Dirac distribution describe the probability that electronic energy levels will be occupied, determining the concentrations of charge carriers in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. Current in semiconductors has components due to drift from an applied electric field and diffusion from
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electrochemistryclass12.pdf
This document provides an overview of electrochemistry and discusses several key concepts:
- Electrochemistry involves using chemical reactions to produce electricity or using electricity to drive non-spontaneous reactions.
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This document provides an overview of semiconductor PN junction theory. It begins with atomic theory, discussing the structure of atoms and energy bands in conductors, insulators, and semiconductors. Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors are introduced, where doping introduces impurities to alter conductivity. A PN junction is formed at the interface between a p-type and n-type semiconductor. During diffusion, majority carriers cross the junction, recombining and leaving a depletion region. A voltage can forward or reverse bias the junction, changing the depletion width and current flow characteristics.
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- 1. Polar and Non-Polar Dielectrics By: Naman Jolly
- 2. What is Dielectric Material? Dielectrics, in general, can be described as materials that are very poor conductors of electric current. They are basically insulators and contain no free electron. Dielectrics can be easily polarized when an electric field is applied to it. Thus, their behaviour in an electric field is entirely different from that of conductors.
- 3. Types of Dielectrics: There are two types of dielectrics: • Polar Dielectrics • Non-Polar Dielectrics
- 4. In a polar molecule, the centers of positive and negative charges are separated(even when there is no external field). These molecules have a permanent dipole moment. These are called polar dielectrics. Examples are: HCl H₂O 02 Polar Dielectric
- 5. In a non-polar molecule, the centers of positive and negative charges coincide. The molecule then has no permanent dipole moment. These are called non-polar dielectrics. Examples are: H₂ CO₂ 02 Non - Polar Dielectric