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9 general types of intermolecular force
This document discusses different types of intermolecular forces that cause molecules to attract each other and exist in condensed phases as liquids and solids. It describes coulombic interactions between ions and partial charges on neutral molecules. Dipole-dipole attraction occurs between polar substances due to their uneven charge distributions. The strength of intermolecular forces determines a substance's state and increases with molecular polarity and mass. Specifically, it examines dipole-dipole interactions between polar molecules and hydrogen bonding as a special case of dipole attraction between molecules where hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like F, N, and O.
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9 general types of intermolecular force
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- 2. Gases consist ofrapidly moving molecules or atoms separated by relatively large distances from one another, while liquids and solid consist of particles that touch one another. Liquids and solid also called condensed phases, are held together by attractive forces called INTERMOLECULAR FORCE.
- 3. Intermolecular forces are attractivecoulombic interaction between molecule. One example of coulombic attraction is in the form of ionic bonding. This attractive force is between to oppositely charged ions.
- 4. Neutral molecules withpartial charges can exhibit attractive force. They are partly responsible for the properties associated with particular substance.
- 5. On the otherhand the attractive force between two polar substance is called dipole-dipole attraction.
- 6. The strength ofintermolecular forces determines the state of a substance under a given set of condition. The strength of intermolecular forces also depends on the molar mass of the substance. For comparison molar masses intermolecular forces of attraction increase with increasing polarity.
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- 8. DIPOLE-DIPOLE INTERACTIONS Attractive forcethat act between polar molecules are called dipole-dipole interactions. Diatomic molecules made up of elements with significantly different electronegativities a HCI have partial charges positive at one end and negative at the other end.
- 9. This is dueto the unequal distribution of electron density between the atoms of the diatomic molecule in magnitude of the attractive forces depends upon the magnitude of the dipole.
- 10. HYDROGEN BONDING Is aspecial type of dipole-dipole interaction. Dipole-dipole interactions between any polar molecules. On the other hand, hydrogen bonding occurs only molecule; that certain it bonded to a small highly electronegative atom like F,N and O,A atom such as F draws the electrons toward itself because of its high electronegativity which mean that electron density is draw away from hydrogen.
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