The document discusses mutation breeding, including defining key terms like mutation, breeding, mutagens, mutagenesis, and mutants. It explains the process of mutation breeding using chemical mutagens like EMS and DMS or radiation to generate mutants. Examples are given of radiation breeding in atomic gardens and the discovery of this technique in the 1920s. Successful mutation examples are listed for oranges in California and rice in China. The overall goal is for students to understand mutation breeding techniques and important contributors to the field.

1. A report made by:
Kristine Joy G. Clapero (Clappers)

2.  determine the process of mutation breeding
 know what is mutation as well as the breeding
 know who contributed the mutation breeding
 Understand how mutation breeding and radiation
breeding done
 Know the chemicals that can be used for mutation
 Site some successful mutation around the world
 Differentiate the mutants, mutagens and
mutagenesis
After the discussion the students will
be able to:

3. - Is the change in genetic
material: a random change in a
gene or chromosome resulting
in a new trait.
 What is Breeding?
- is the reproduction, that
is, producing of
offspring, usually animals or
 What is Mutation?

4. Process
-There are different kind of
mutagenic breeding such as using
chemical mutagens like EMS and
DMS, and radiation are used to
generate mutants.

5. - Mutation breeding is commonly used to produce
traits in crops such as larger seeds, new colors, or
sweeter fruits, that either cannot be found in nature
or have been lost during evolution.

6. - EMS= Ethyl methanesulfonate .
It produces random mutations in
genetic material by nucleotide
substitution.
-DMS= Dimethyl sulfate is a
chemical compound. It is
mainly used as a
methylating agent in organic
synthesis.

7. Radiation Breeding
- Exposing plants to radiation
is sometimes called radiation
breeding and is a sub class of
mutagenic breeding.
- Radiation breeding may
take place in atomic
gardens.

8. - It was discovered in the 1920s when Lewis J. Stadler of the
University of Missouri (Colombia) used X-rays on
- barley seeds.
Lewis John Stadler (July
6, 1896 - May 12, 1954) was an
American geneticist. His
research focused on the
mutagenic effects of different
forms of radiation on
economically important plants
like maize and barley.

9. Atomic Gardens
- are a form of mutation breeding
where plants are exposed to
radioactive sources, in order to
generate useful mutations.
Part of the plant to be treated
- Are seeds, pollen
grains, buds/cuttings or
complete plant can be used for
mutagenesis.

10. - It depends on whether the crop is sexually or
asexually propagated.
- Sexually propagated crops: seeds that are
commonly used because can tolerate extreme
environmental conditions.

11. Mutagen, Mutagenesis and Mutant
Mutagens
- Is a physical or chemical agent that
causes such changes the genetic material.
Mutagenesis
- Is the process of change in the
DNA

12. Mutant
- Is an
individual, organism, or
new genetic
character, arising or
resulting from an instance
of mutation.
- Can either completely destroy the function of a
gene or it can change the sequence of letters of the
genetic code in a gene

13. Some of the Successful Mutation Breeding
Most Perfect Orange (California)
Rice (China)

14. Thanks For Your Time…