This document outlines the syllabus for a 3-year degree course in plant protection at the University of Burdwan in West Bengal, India, covering the period from 2005-2006 onwards. It includes 5 papers over the 3 years, covering topics in theoretical plant protection, identification and management of pests and diseases, integrated pest management, plant protection organizations, and practical experience. The syllabus provides detailed outlines for each paper, dividing topics into groups A and B and specifying the marks and duration for each paper. It covers identification and management of pests and diseases across many crops, as well as integrated pest management, legislation, and practical skills.
Biological control is the suppression of one organism by another. There are two modes of mechanisms namely direct and indirect. Here I focused on the direct mechanisms such as parasitism, predatism, antibiotic-mediated suppression, lytic enzymes and unregulated-waste products. with the help of these various direct mechanisms, the bio-control agents will compete the pathogen's activity.
Biological control is the suppression of one organism by another. There are two modes of mechanisms namely direct and indirect. Here I focused on the direct mechanisms such as parasitism, predatism, antibiotic-mediated suppression, lytic enzymes and unregulated-waste products. with the help of these various direct mechanisms, the bio-control agents will compete the pathogen's activity.
Integrated disease management (IDM), which combines biological, cultural, physical, mechanical, legislative and chemical control strategies in a holistic way rather than using a single component strategy proved to be more effective and sustainable.
Integrated disease management in organic
farming combines the use of various measures. The
usefulness of certain measures depends on the specific
crop-pathogen combination. In many crops,
preventative measures can control diseases without
the need of plant protection products. However, for
certain disease problems, preventative measures are
not sufficient. For example, organic apple production
strongly depends on the multiple use plant protection
products
Disease management system that in the context of associated environment and population dynamics of microorganisms, utilizes all suitable techniques and methods in a manner as compatible as possible and maintains the disease below economic level”.
Title
Introduction
Objectives
Justification
Methodology
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
Integrated pest management(ipm) and use of bacteria as biopesticideSahil Shakya
A thorough study on Integrated pest management and comparing with traditional pest management techniques. Also, a short summary on how we can use bacteria as biopesticide.
Integrated disease management (IDM), which combines biological, cultural, physical, mechanical, legislative and chemical control strategies in a holistic way rather than using a single component strategy proved to be more effective and sustainable.
Integrated disease management in organic
farming combines the use of various measures. The
usefulness of certain measures depends on the specific
crop-pathogen combination. In many crops,
preventative measures can control diseases without
the need of plant protection products. However, for
certain disease problems, preventative measures are
not sufficient. For example, organic apple production
strongly depends on the multiple use plant protection
products
Disease management system that in the context of associated environment and population dynamics of microorganisms, utilizes all suitable techniques and methods in a manner as compatible as possible and maintains the disease below economic level”.
Title
Introduction
Objectives
Justification
Methodology
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
Integrated pest management(ipm) and use of bacteria as biopesticideSahil Shakya
A thorough study on Integrated pest management and comparing with traditional pest management techniques. Also, a short summary on how we can use bacteria as biopesticide.
Whenever the population of any insect species
increases significantly, so as it causes
appreciable economic loss, is known as pest.
Pest control is important as they cause heavy economic loss.
Module on Weeds and Their Management _Pl. Sc.461, 4th Year - Final@.pdfdfitag
Course description
Introduction, concepts and definition of weeds, characteristics of weeds, specific characteristics of weeds, economic importance of weeds; biology and ecology of weeds, classification of weeds, factors relating to weeds establishment and survival, reproduction of weeds, dissemination of weed seeds, germination and dormancy of weed seeds, crop-weed interference, crop-weed competition, responses of crops and weeds to competition, critical period of weed-crop competition, soil, climatic, weed and crop density effects, thresholds of competition, economics of weed control; weed management methods, definition, preventive, physical, cultural, biological, chemical, principles of integrated weed management; herbicides and their application techniques, definition, merits and demerits of herbicides, herbicide classification and their mode of action, herbicide formulation, application and types of treatments, herbicide combinations and rotations, selectivity of herbicides, interaction of herbicides in the soil & atmosphere, myco/bioherbicides; invasive, parasitic and aquatic weeds and their control methods, invasive weeds, parasitic weeds, aquatic weeds.
1. The University of Burdwan
Syllabus for B.A. 3Year Degree Course
General (1+1+1 Pattern)
In
Plant protection
with effect from 2005-2006 onwards
THE UNIVERSITY OF BURDWAN
Syllabus for 3 Year Degree Course (General) in
PLANT PROTECTION
(w . e . f . 2005 – 2006 onwards)
Part – I (1st year) : Paper – I (Theory) - Group A - 50 Marks F.M. – 100
Group B - 50 Marks
Part – II (2nd year) : Paper – II (Theory) - Group A - 50 Marks F.M. – 100
Group B – 50 Marks
Paper –III (Practical) ----------------------- F.M. – 100
Part –III (3rd year) : Paper – IV (Theory) - Group A- 35 Marks F.M. – 65
Group B –30 Marks
Paper V (Practical) ------------------------ F.M. – 35
2. PART – I ( 1st
Year) :
Paper – I ( theory) : Full Marks - 100
Group – A : 50 marks
Group – B : 50 marks
Syllabus in detail :
THEORYCAL
PAPER – I : Time – 3 hours
Group – A : 50 Marks
1. Pest – Comprehensive definition; injurous; Pathogenic & Competetive pests; Losses
due to plant pests, some examples from West Bengal.
2. Plant Protection – Definition; scope; importance.
3. Characteristics of animal enemies of crops and crop products :Protozoans, Nematodes,
Mites, Insects, Molluscs, Birds, Rodents.
4. Major signs of damage due to animal Pests.
5. Dissemination of insect pests and vectors; Migration of Locust.
6. Forecasting and monitoring of some insect pests (examples only).
7. Insecticides – Chemical classification with common leading trade names;
formulations; areas of use (Organochlorines, Organophosphates, Carbamates
systemic inseceticides including synthetic pyrethroids; Pesticides of plant origin,
allelo-chemicals (JH, pheromones etc.)
8. Fumigation – Common fumigants and their use.
Group – B
1. Classification of plant diseases according to cause; brief account of bacteria and like
organisms, fungi and like organisms, viruses, algae and angiosperms.
2. Symptoms – Major types due to fungi, bacteria and viruses.
3. Viruses – Characteristics, modes of transmission and common vectors.
4. Dissemination of plant pathogens.
5. Epidemiology – Endemic, Epidemic and pandemic; monocyclic and polycyclic;
strategy of management.
3. 6. Forecasting of plant diseases – definition, need, method as in late blight of potato
(classical and Indian examples).
7. Resistance of plants to microbes – pre – infectional and post – infectional, Examples
of common resistant varieties to major insect pests and diseases in West Bengal.
Part – II
Paper – II F. M. – 100
Group - A : 50 Marks
Group - B : 50 Marks
Time – 3 Hours
Group – A : 50 Marks
1. Bionomics and management of any two major insect pests of following crops; Rice,
wheat, Sugarcane, Rape and Mustard, potato, Cabbage, and Cauliflower, Tomato,
Brinjal, Common pulses.
2. Stored grain pests – Cereals and pulses, their bionomics and management.
3. Termites : - Examples, Biology and management.
4. Rodents and their management.
5. Common bird pests in West Bengal
GROUP – B : 50 Marks
1. Symptoms, Aetiology, disease cycle and management of any two major dissases of
following crops : Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane, Rape and Mustard, Groundnut, Potato,
Tomato, Brinjal, Chilli, Cabbage and Cauliflower.
2. Seed Pathology – Seed rots, seed transmission, strategy and methods of management.
3. Post-harvest diseases of perishables – Loss ( examples from W.B.) type disease of one
fruit and one vegetable.
4. Weed – Classification, examples and management; herbicides – major chemical
groups, doses, methods and areas of use,
5. Principles of plant disease management ; Exclusion, Eradication, Avoidance,
Protection and Therapy, Genetic resistance.
4. PAPER – III Full Marks - 100
( Practical )
Time – 6 Hours
1. Study of symptoms of attack by type pests and diseases of plants.
2. Identification of common insects, fungi and other pests and diseases of major crops.
3. Isolation of causal organism, pests and their culture. Submission of such specimens
during final examination.
4. Inoculation techniques.
5. Demonstration of Koch’s Postulates,
6. Collection of insects and other pests, diseased plant samples; common weeds, their
identification, preservation, permanent preparation, Lebelled specimens and field
records to be submitted during final examination.
7. Laboratory evaluation of biocides ( demonstration)
8. Preparation of desired strength of pesticides
9. Plant protection equipment : parts and handling of Rotary Duster, Knapsack sprayer,
Hand compression & prayer and seed dresser.
10. Practical study tour and field trips for collection of specimens and surveillance.
PART – III
Paper – IV
Theoretical Full Marks -65
Time – 3 Hours
GROUP – A : 35 Marks
1. Plant Protection Organisation in India : structural set-up; functions and service to
farmers.
2. Destructive Insects and Pests Act.
3. The Insectidides Act : registration, licensing & inspection.
4. Bionomics and management of any one major pest of each of Jute, Mango, Citrus,
Coconut.
5. Nematode – Characteristics, rootknot nematodes – life cycle and management.
6. Forest pests – borers and defoliators with their management.
5. 7. Metheds of management – Legislation, Eradication – physical, cultural and biological,
chemical, resistance
8. Integrated Pest Management – definition, genesis, phases, Appropriate IPM, metbods
with examples from Rice and other field crops.
GROUP – B : 30 Marks
1. Symptoms, Aetiology, disease cycle and management of major diseases of each of
following crops : ‘Damping – off’ of seedlings, Common pulses (root rot and wilt ),
Jute (Stem rot), Mango (anthracnose, malformation), Citrus (Canker, decline),
Banana (wilt and bunchy top), Coconut (nut fall), betlevine (food rot complex), Rose
(Die-back).
2. Forest health management – cultural , mycorrhiza, pathogenic problems.
3. Soil-borne plant pathogens – transmission and management .
4. Methods of plant disease management – Legislation, Eradication, Physical, cultural
and biological, chemical, resistance.
5. Fungicides – Chemical classification into major groups, non-systemic and systemic,
doses, methods and areas of use.
Paper – V
(Practical) Full Marks – 35
Time – 3 hours
1. Symptoms, collection, working out and identification of common diseases and pests of
major crops, Labelled specimens and field records to be submitted during
examination.
2. Monitoring of key pests and key natural enemies of major crop.
3. Seed treatment (such as blotter test, pot trials with or without chemicals or other
treatments).
4. Soil treatment – soil solarisation, soil chemical treatment.
5. Plant protection equipment : Calibration and use in the field.
6. Study tour : for collection of specimens and natural enemies from different habitats;
and visits to centres of plant protection such as central IPM Centre, Burdwan; Rice
Research Station, Chinsurah; Dept, of plant Protection, Visva-Bharati, BCKV, Cold
Storages and Warehouses; Nurseries.