Download to read offline
More Related Content
Similar to Pleural effusion
Pleural effusion
- 1. Mr. Sanket Patel AssistantProfessor MSN Department Sumandeep Nursing College Mr. Sanket Patel Assistant Professor Sumandeep Nursing College Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Vadodara
- 2. Pleural effusion isa collection of fluid in the pleural space. It is almost always secondary to other disease condition. Mr. Sanket Patel Assistant Professor Sumandeep Nursing College Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Vadodara
- 3. Various medicalconditions can cause pleural effusions. Some common causes are: Congestive heart failure Pneumonia Liver disease (cirrhosis) End-stage renal disease Nephrotic syndrome Cancer Pulmonary embolism Lupus and other autoimmune conditions Mr. Sanket Patel Assistant Professor Sumandeep Nursing College Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Vadodara
- 4. Transudative: Thepleural effusion fluid is similar in character to the fluid normally present in the pleural space. Transudative pleural effusions rarely require drainage, unless they are very large. Ex. Congestive heart failure Exudative: The pleural effusion fluid has excess protein, blood or evidence of inflammation or infection. An exudative pleural effusion may require drainage, depending on its size and the severity of inflammation. Ex. Pneumonia and lung cancer. Mr. Sanket Patel Assistant Professor Sumandeep Nursing College Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Vadodara
- 5. Sign & symptomswhich are caused by the underlying disease. Pneumonia causes fever, chills and pleuritic chest pain, whereas a malignant effusion may result in dyspnea and coughing. A large pleural effusion causes shortness of breath. When a small to moderate pleural effusion is present, dyspnea may be absent or only minimal. Mr. Sanket Patel Assistant Professor Sumandeep Nursing College Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Vadodara
- 6. Physical examination Chest X-ray CT scan Thoracentesis Pleural fluid is analyzed by bacterial culture, Gram stain, acid fast bacillus stain (for TB), red and white blood cell counts, chemistry studies (glucose, amylase, lactic dehydrogenase, protein), cytologic analysis for malignant cells, and pH. A pleural biopsy also may be performed. Mr. Sanket Patel Assistant Professor Sumandeep Nursing College Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Vadodara
- 7. Treatment forpleural effusions may based on the treatment of medical condition causing the pleural effusion like giving antibiotics for pneumonia, or diuretics for congestive heart failure. Large, infected, or inflamed pleural effusions often require drainage to improve symptoms and prevent complications. Various procedures may be used to treat pleural effusions, Which are: Mr. Sanket Patel Assistant Professor Sumandeep Nursing College Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Vadodara
- 8. Thoracentesis: (describedabove) can remove large amounts of fluid, effectively treating many pleural effusions. Tube thoracotomy: (chest tube): A small incision is made in the chest wall, and a plastic tube is inserted into the pleural space. Chest tubes are attached to suction and are often kept in place for several days. Pleurodesis: An irritating substance is injected through a chest tube, into the pleural space. The substance inflames the pleura and chest wall, which then bind tightly to each other as they heal. Pleurodesis can prevent pleural effusions from recurring, in many cases. Mr. Sanket Patel Assistant Professor Sumandeep Nursing College Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Vadodara
- 9. Pleural drain:For pleural effusions that repeatedly recur, a long-term catheter can be inserted through the skin into the pleural space. A person with a pleural catheter can drain the pleural effusion periodically at home. Pleural Decortication: Surgeons can operate inside the pleural space, removing potentially dangerous inflammation and unhealthy tissue. Decortication may be performed using small incisions (thoracoscopy) or a large one (thoracotomy). Mr. Sanket Patel Assistant Professor Sumandeep Nursing College Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Vadodara
- 10. The nurse’srole in the care of the patient with a pleural effusion includes implementing the medical regimen. The nurse prepares and positions the patient for thoracentesis and offers support throughout the procedure. Pain management is a priority, and the nurse assists the patient to assume positions that are the least painful. However, frequent turning and ambulation are important to facilitate drainage. The nurse administers analgesics as prescribed and as needed. Mr. Sanket Patel Assistant Professor Sumandeep Nursing College Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Vadodara
- 11. If achest tube drainage and water-seal system is used, the nurse is responsible for monitoring the system’s function and recording the amount of drainage at prescribed intervals. Nursing care related to the underlying cause of the pleural effusion is specific to the underlying condition If the patient is to be managed as an outpatient with a pleural catheter for drainage, The nurse is responsible for educating the patient and family regarding management and care of the catheter and drainage system. Mr. Sanket Patel Assistant Professor Sumandeep Nursing College Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Vadodara
- 12. Mr. Sanket PatelAssistant Professor Sumandeep Nursing College Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Vadodara