inflammatory disorder of the bronchi

1. Shyam bhatewara
Lecturer
Index nursing college

2. 
Inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes, which carry air
to and from the lungs.
Acute bronchitis is an infection of the lower respiratory tract
that is generally an acute or sequel to an upper respiratory
tract infection.
BRONCHITIS

3. 
Primarily viral etiology, but may also arise from bacterial
agents.
Airways become inflamed and irritated with increased
mucous production.
A virus, for example, a cold or flu virus
A bacterial infection
Exposure to substances that irritate the lungs, such as tobacco
smoke, dust, fumes, vapors, and air pollution
ETIOLOGY

4. 
Experience a virus or bacteria that causes inflammation
Smoke or inhale second hand smoke
Asthma or an allergy
RISK FACTORS

5. Dyspnea
Fever
Tachypnea.
Productive cough, clear to purulent sputum.
Pleuritic chest pain, occasionally.
Diffuse rhonchi and crackles heard on auscultation.
chest discomfort or soreness
a mild headache and body aches
shortness of breath
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION

6. 

7. 
Detailed history collection
Physical examination
Bronchoscopy
Chest X-ray no evidence of infiltrates or consolidation.
Sputum for gram stain, culture, and sensitivity tests may
be obtained to determine presence of bacterial infection.
Spirometry to determine peak expiratory flow (may be
decreased).
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION

8. 
Antibiotic therapy for 7 to 10 days may be indicated for patients
with underlying respiratory problems or chronic illness.
Hydration and humidification.
Secretion clearance interventions (controlled cough, positive
expiratory pressure valve therapy, chest physical therapy).
Bronchodilators for bronchospastic cough and bronchial
irritation.
Symptomatic management for fever, cough.
MANAGEMENT

9. 
Obtain history of upper airway infection, course and length of
symptoms.
Assess severity of cough and characteristics of sputum
production.
Auscultate chest for diffuse rhonchi and crackles as opposed
to localized crackles usually heard with pneumonia.
NURSING ASSESMENT

10. 
Instruct patient about medication regimen, including the
completion of the full course of antibiotics prescribed.
If patient is not being treated with antibiotics, assure
patient that the majority of cases of people recover from
bronchitis without antibiotic treatment.
Encourage patient to seek medical attention for shortness
of breath and worsening condition.
PATIENT EDUCATION

11. 
Advise patient that a dry cough may persist after bronchitis
due to irritation of the airways. A bedside humidifier and
avoidance of dry environments may help.
Advice for the deep breathing exercise
PATIENT EDUCATION

12. 