Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes that carry air to and from the lungs. It is commonly caused by viral infections like colds or flu, but can also be bacterial. Symptoms include cough, fever, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Diagnosis is made through physical exam and listening to the lungs. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, using medications like antibiotics (for bacterial cases), bronchodilators, cough suppressants, and ensuring proper hydration. Patients are educated on medication use, seeking medical care if symptoms worsen, using humidifiers, and doing deep breathing exercises.

1. Shyam bhatewara
Lecturer
Index nursing college

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Inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes, which carry air
to and from the lungs.
Acute bronchitis is an infection of the lower respiratory tract
that is generally an acute or sequel to an upper respiratory
tract infection.
BRONCHITIS

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Primarily viral etiology, but may also arise from bacterial
agents.
Airways become inflamed and irritated with increased
mucous production.
A virus, for example, a cold or flu virus
A bacterial infection
Exposure to substances that irritate the lungs, such as tobacco
smoke, dust, fumes, vapors, and air pollution
ETIOLOGY

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Experience a virus or bacteria that causes inflammation
Smoke or inhale second hand smoke
Asthma or an allergy
RISK FACTORS

5. Dyspnea
Fever
Tachypnea.
Productive cough, clear to purulent sputum.
Pleuritic chest pain, occasionally.
Diffuse rhonchi and crackles heard on auscultation.
chest discomfort or soreness
a mild headache and body aches
shortness of breath
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION

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Detailed history collection
Physical examination
Bronchoscopy
Chest X-ray no evidence of infiltrates or consolidation.
Sputum for gram stain, culture, and sensitivity tests may
be obtained to determine presence of bacterial infection.
Spirometry to determine peak expiratory flow (may be
decreased).
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION

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Antibiotic therapy for 7 to 10 days may be indicated for patients
with underlying respiratory problems or chronic illness.
Hydration and humidification.
Secretion clearance interventions (controlled cough, positive
expiratory pressure valve therapy, chest physical therapy).
Bronchodilators for bronchospastic cough and bronchial
irritation.
Symptomatic management for fever, cough.
MANAGEMENT

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Obtain history of upper airway infection, course and length of
symptoms.
Assess severity of cough and characteristics of sputum
production.
Auscultate chest for diffuse rhonchi and crackles as opposed
to localized crackles usually heard with pneumonia.
NURSING ASSESMENT

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Instruct patient about medication regimen, including the
completion of the full course of antibiotics prescribed.
If patient is not being treated with antibiotics, assure
patient that the majority of cases of people recover from
bronchitis without antibiotic treatment.
Encourage patient to seek medical attention for shortness
of breath and worsening condition.
PATIENT EDUCATION

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Advise patient that a dry cough may persist after bronchitis
due to irritation of the airways. A bedside humidifier and
avoidance of dry environments may help.
Advice for the deep breathing exercise
PATIENT EDUCATION

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