Eukaryotic cells have their genetic material in the nucleus, in the other side, prokaryotes have it dispersed in the cytoplasm.
From this DNA will be synthesized RNA, which will act as an intermediary, carrying genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes located in the cytoplasm to carry out protein synthesis.
genetic code consists of 64 triplets (codons) of nucleotides, each codon encodes for one of the 20 amino-acids used in the synthesis of proteins.
The study of the genetic code, allow s us identify mutations in specific genes, to detect diseases or predispositions to some pathologies such as those proposed by the articles, and with tan information, implement a PREVENTIVE MEDICINE.
Knowing the sequence of genes that cause certain genetic diseases, is essential for GENE THERAPY branch. In brief it consist in introduce a correct copy of the defective gene that was visualized into the cells, by some vectors, previously studied.
With the knowledge of genetic information, can be provided counseling before and after pregnancy to future parents (Give information about the diseases to which it is susceptible and existing treatments), having always instilled an ethical principle: THE HUMAN LIFE RESPECT.
Promote investigation in medicine basic areas, such as cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry and pharmacology, with the aim of implement humanity solutions .
The mechanisms of DNA repair help us maintain the body in a normal physiological state, despite of the constant inducing damage that we are exposed.
But if these repair mechanisms fail for some reason it could cause mutations, cell death and many diseases.
Therefore, a low mutation rate indicates the efficiency of repair mechanisms, but a failure of these will be the cause of several mutations.
Several studies point to the discovery of new mechanisms of repair, so try to create treatments for diseases.
Eukaryotic cells have their genetic material in the nucleus, in the other side, prokaryotes have it dispersed in the cytoplasm.
From this DNA will be synthesized RNA, which will act as an intermediary, carrying genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes located in the cytoplasm to carry out protein synthesis.
genetic code consists of 64 triplets (codons) of nucleotides, each codon encodes for one of the 20 amino-acids used in the synthesis of proteins.
The study of the genetic code, allow s us identify mutations in specific genes, to detect diseases or predispositions to some pathologies such as those proposed by the articles, and with tan information, implement a PREVENTIVE MEDICINE.
Knowing the sequence of genes that cause certain genetic diseases, is essential for GENE THERAPY branch. In brief it consist in introduce a correct copy of the defective gene that was visualized into the cells, by some vectors, previously studied.
With the knowledge of genetic information, can be provided counseling before and after pregnancy to future parents (Give information about the diseases to which it is susceptible and existing treatments), having always instilled an ethical principle: THE HUMAN LIFE RESPECT.
Promote investigation in medicine basic areas, such as cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry and pharmacology, with the aim of implement humanity solutions .
The mechanisms of DNA repair help us maintain the body in a normal physiological state, despite of the constant inducing damage that we are exposed.
But if these repair mechanisms fail for some reason it could cause mutations, cell death and many diseases.
Therefore, a low mutation rate indicates the efficiency of repair mechanisms, but a failure of these will be the cause of several mutations.
Several studies point to the discovery of new mechanisms of repair, so try to create treatments for diseases.
Presentation made by Terrence Town, PhD, at the December 12, 2012 webinar hosted by the Alzheimer Research Forum. http://www.alzforum.org/res/for/journal/detail.asp?liveID=207
Seminario biología molecular manuela zorrilla y maylin palacios. MaylinPalaciosMurill
Las siguientes diapositivas fueron publicadas con el fin de informar sobre el receptor siglec-8 presente en eosinófilos y células mastocíticas, además de su función en enfermedades tan frecuentes como lo son las enfermedades de las vías aéreas superiores, también es de vital importancia saber por medio de que mecanismos actúan y los beneficios que pueden aportar en el tratamiento de algunas enfermedades.
Seminario biología molecular manuela zorrilla y maylin palacios. MaylinPalaciosMurill
Las siguientes diapositivas fueron publicadas con el fin de informar sobre el receptor siglec-8 presente en eosinófilos y células mastocíticas, además de su función en enfermedades tan frecuentes como lo son las enfermedades de las vías aéreas superiores, también es de vital importancia saber por medio de que mecanismos actúan y los beneficios que pueden aportar en el tratamiento de algunas enfermedades
Presentation made by Terrence Town, PhD, at the December 12, 2012 webinar hosted by the Alzheimer Research Forum. http://www.alzforum.org/res/for/journal/detail.asp?liveID=207
Seminario biología molecular manuela zorrilla y maylin palacios. MaylinPalaciosMurill
Las siguientes diapositivas fueron publicadas con el fin de informar sobre el receptor siglec-8 presente en eosinófilos y células mastocíticas, además de su función en enfermedades tan frecuentes como lo son las enfermedades de las vías aéreas superiores, también es de vital importancia saber por medio de que mecanismos actúan y los beneficios que pueden aportar en el tratamiento de algunas enfermedades.
Seminario biología molecular manuela zorrilla y maylin palacios. MaylinPalaciosMurill
Las siguientes diapositivas fueron publicadas con el fin de informar sobre el receptor siglec-8 presente en eosinófilos y células mastocíticas, además de su función en enfermedades tan frecuentes como lo son las enfermedades de las vías aéreas superiores, también es de vital importancia saber por medio de que mecanismos actúan y los beneficios que pueden aportar en el tratamiento de algunas enfermedades
The sequencing of the human genome has been compared to putting a man on the moon, and it will certainly change health care, but the most important work lies ahead, in determining how to put the information to medical use. In this context, applications such as gene therapy are being explored. What was once seen as a science fiction dream is now becoming a real possibility.
Gene therapy is a new form of drug delivery that leads the patient's own cells to produce a therapeutic agent. It could potentially eliminate the need for repeated administration of proteins or drugs. Applications of gene therapy not only include rare inherited diseases but extend to common acquired disorders, including tumours (predominantly malignant melanoma) and haematological disorders, cardiovascular disease, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Gene therapy therefore could be a key element of medical practice in the future. Gene therapy is the insertion of genes into an individual's cells and tissues to treat a disease, and hereditary diseases in which a defective mutant allele is replaced with a functional one. Although the technology is still in its infancy, it has been used with some success. Antisense therapy is not strictly a form of gene therapy, but is a genetically-mediated therapy and is often considered together with other methods.
The DNA is the basis of our genetic code, we could almost say that we are all made of DNA; therefore all studies are trying to understand this important part of us. Over time, they have discovered that DNA contains all the instructions that control the development and function of every cell in our body. What we know is that the DNA is able to divide itself, replicating and giving two daughter strands which contain exactly the same information from DNA mother. Then these are transcribed into RNA and finally translated into proteins, this is what we know as the central dogma of genetic information.
Although nature seems to be so perfect there are some cases where this beautiful process fails, and this is where certain diseases are originated and can cause multiple problems. Scientists are increasingly closer to find answers and perhaps their studies can help in the future.
New treatments for Alzheimer's, autism and depression, could be developed.
It could be the starting point for future researches on genes involved in these diseases.
Knowing which genes are involved, people who are not sick yet, might prevent some disease.
These findings help us understand how diseases work and where they come from.
Encourages doctors and scientists to find more about this genes, to achieve excellent results that could benefit many people.
It gives us hope and determination to achieve incredible things in this medicine area; we know that humans are able to find and develop things that we have never imagine.
We know that DNA is the basis of everything, thus if we understand certain parts of it and what is involved on it, we would be able to control many diseases that affects society nowadays.
With these discovery we would be contributing to industry and researches.
new hypothesis could change the way we see things, and would make researchers focused in other cell structures such as ribosomes.
The cause of some diseases might not be in the DNA, but on the malfunctioning of ribosomes, in that way we must look for the real cause of them.
In my opinion this is a big step for medicine, although there is not yet a certain result, and they have to investigate more about the genes, they have a great part of the investigation that can guide them to find the solution to multiple diseases. I think that this kind of researches benefit a lot our society, because they are trying to improve people’s life, by finding the different places of de brain where illnesses are originated. With this project we can start thinking on possible cures and treatments for Alzheimer's, autism, depression and other disorders.
It's good to start investigating on other cellular structures that may be quite involved in the most complex processes of DNA. Scientists may have never wondered what real role of ribosome is. Thinking about new hypotheses and that maybe the ribosome is the central point is crazy but good, because they could be right.
Biology, genetics, nanotechnology, neuroscience, materials science, biotech, ...Brian Russell
Over the past two years I've done a lot of interesting research which I've decided to aggregate. My research pertains to the following: Biology, Genetics, Nanotechnology, Neuroscience, Materials Science, Biotechnology, Chemical Engineering, All Things 3-D, Super Computing, Quantum Physics, Energy, Design, & Sustainability.
1. GraNdStudent Hears Calling to Share Science with YouthsAnd Antisense Therapy for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Shows PromisE GLORIA STHEFANY TORRES DAZA MEDICAL STUDENT 3° SEMESTER
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4. introduction The splicing is a modification of an RNA after transcription, in which introns are removed and exons are joined. The following news explains this important process, and gives a medical application.
5. Grad Student Hears Calling to Share Science with YouthsScience Daily (August 13, 2010) FIRST NEWS
6. Tuttle is a teacher in USA. She spent 10 weeks that summer studying the dynamics of the hepatitis D virus ribozyme, a virus that promotes development of the disease. More recently, she has been working on a project aimed at determining which metal atoms in the spliceosome are responsible for driving the chemistry of RNA molecules.
7. “The splicesome is a critical piece of machinery in the cells,” Tuttle explained. After DNA is transcribed into RNA, the spliceosome cuts that RNA at precise positions and re-stitches it back together in a new way. The transcripts need to be precisely spliced “because if you mess that up, you’re not going to be producing the correct gene products. And sure enough, splicing defects have been implicated in a number of human diseases.”
8. As an elementary school student, Tuttle thought science was all about answering multiple-choice questions from a textbook, not working with the yeast colonies, RNA molecules and X-ray films of her daily routine. A middle-school chemistry class changed all that. Now she feels drawn toward both research and science education. “I really loved teaching. It was fantastic to bring science to the new generation,” she said. For now, “I just want to do good science here and see where it takes me.”
9. Studentobservation: 1° news Thespliceosomeis a topicveryinterestingforthescinece and thestudentstoo. And themostimportantistheexamplethahTuttlegiveus, because, sheteachustostudywithdedicationthetopicsaboutthescience and lookingfortheutilitytothehumanity.
10. Antisense Therapy for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Shows PromiseScience Daily (July 12, 2010) SECOND NEWS
11. Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and California-based Isis Pharmaceuticals have succeeded in reversing symptoms of Type III SMA, a relatively mild form of the disease, in mice by introducing an ASO into their spinal cords. The ASO fixes the molecular mistake underlying SMA by redirecting a cellular editing process called alternative splicing.
12. SMA is caused by insufficient levels of a protein called Survival of Motor Neuron (SMN) in the spinal cord's motor neurons, which waste away along with the muscles that they can no longer control. The SMN1 gene, which produces the SMN protein, is missing or mutated beyond repair in SMA patients. Humans have a second SMN-producing gene called SMN2, but this gene is a poor backup, as it produces very little functional SMN protein. This deficiency stems from a mistake that occurs during splicing, a molecular editing process that kicks in after the gene's DNA has been copied into RNA.
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14. STUDENT OBSERVATION 2° NEWS In thisnewsthesciencetiststeam shows thewaytosavethepatientwith SMA, throughthealternativesplicing. Itis a veryimportantinvestigation, becausethe molecular biologyisthebasic of manyprocesswithmedicalutility, besidesthisprocceshelpstothemedicaladvances and the global healthtoo.
18. I THINK THAT THE SPLICING IS A VERY IMPORTANT PROCESS IN THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND MEDICAL INVESTIGATIONS BECAUSE IT IS THE FUNDAMENTAL BASE TO CURE STRANGERS DISEASES AND IT GIVES DIFFERENT POSSIBILITIES OF ITS TREATMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC.
19. bibliography Grand Student Hears Calling Share Science with Younts. TheUniversity of Chicago News Office. URL: http://www.newswise.com/articles/grad-student-hears-calling-to-share-science-with-youths AntisenseTherapyforSpinal Muscular Antrophy Shows Promise. Science Daily. URL: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100712103501.htm MARTINES, S. LinaMaría. Biología Molecular. Quinta edición. Medellín 2009. P 142, 195. REVIEW ARTICLE. URL: http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf?hg06009 SPRINGERLINK. URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/551x720542804742/