The document summarizes two scientific articles about RNA molecules and epigenomic coding during human development. The first article discusses how long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) molecules like Xist help regulate gene expression by organizing chromatin structure and packaging genetic information. The second article finds that non-CG DNA methylation, rather than typical CG methylation, is predominant in mature human neurons and changes with age and brain development, influencing learning and memory through cell differentiation. Both studies provide insights with potential medical applications like gene therapy for Down syndrome.
Seminario biologia molecular. MicroRNA 197-3p y daño endotelial en la enferme...VALEVEROVILLADAORTIZ
En esta exposición se hace referencia a un artículo en el que se estudió la relación entre el MicroRNA 197-3p y el daño en células endoteliales de arteria coronaria en niños con enfermedad de Kawasaki.
Eukaryotic cells have their genetic material in the nucleus, in the other side, prokaryotes have it dispersed in the cytoplasm.
From this DNA will be synthesized RNA, which will act as an intermediary, carrying genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes located in the cytoplasm to carry out protein synthesis.
genetic code consists of 64 triplets (codons) of nucleotides, each codon encodes for one of the 20 amino-acids used in the synthesis of proteins.
The study of the genetic code, allow s us identify mutations in specific genes, to detect diseases or predispositions to some pathologies such as those proposed by the articles, and with tan information, implement a PREVENTIVE MEDICINE.
Knowing the sequence of genes that cause certain genetic diseases, is essential for GENE THERAPY branch. In brief it consist in introduce a correct copy of the defective gene that was visualized into the cells, by some vectors, previously studied.
With the knowledge of genetic information, can be provided counseling before and after pregnancy to future parents (Give information about the diseases to which it is susceptible and existing treatments), having always instilled an ethical principle: THE HUMAN LIFE RESPECT.
Promote investigation in medicine basic areas, such as cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry and pharmacology, with the aim of implement humanity solutions .
Seminario biologia molecular. MicroRNA 197-3p y daño endotelial en la enferme...VALEVEROVILLADAORTIZ
En esta exposición se hace referencia a un artículo en el que se estudió la relación entre el MicroRNA 197-3p y el daño en células endoteliales de arteria coronaria en niños con enfermedad de Kawasaki.
Eukaryotic cells have their genetic material in the nucleus, in the other side, prokaryotes have it dispersed in the cytoplasm.
From this DNA will be synthesized RNA, which will act as an intermediary, carrying genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes located in the cytoplasm to carry out protein synthesis.
genetic code consists of 64 triplets (codons) of nucleotides, each codon encodes for one of the 20 amino-acids used in the synthesis of proteins.
The study of the genetic code, allow s us identify mutations in specific genes, to detect diseases or predispositions to some pathologies such as those proposed by the articles, and with tan information, implement a PREVENTIVE MEDICINE.
Knowing the sequence of genes that cause certain genetic diseases, is essential for GENE THERAPY branch. In brief it consist in introduce a correct copy of the defective gene that was visualized into the cells, by some vectors, previously studied.
With the knowledge of genetic information, can be provided counseling before and after pregnancy to future parents (Give information about the diseases to which it is susceptible and existing treatments), having always instilled an ethical principle: THE HUMAN LIFE RESPECT.
Promote investigation in medicine basic areas, such as cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry and pharmacology, with the aim of implement humanity solutions .
The DNA is the basis of our genetic code, we could almost say that we are all made of DNA; therefore all studies are trying to understand this important part of us. Over time, they have discovered that DNA contains all the instructions that control the development and function of every cell in our body. What we know is that the DNA is able to divide itself, replicating and giving two daughter strands which contain exactly the same information from DNA mother. Then these are transcribed into RNA and finally translated into proteins, this is what we know as the central dogma of genetic information.
Although nature seems to be so perfect there are some cases where this beautiful process fails, and this is where certain diseases are originated and can cause multiple problems. Scientists are increasingly closer to find answers and perhaps their studies can help in the future.
New treatments for Alzheimer's, autism and depression, could be developed.
It could be the starting point for future researches on genes involved in these diseases.
Knowing which genes are involved, people who are not sick yet, might prevent some disease.
These findings help us understand how diseases work and where they come from.
Encourages doctors and scientists to find more about this genes, to achieve excellent results that could benefit many people.
It gives us hope and determination to achieve incredible things in this medicine area; we know that humans are able to find and develop things that we have never imagine.
We know that DNA is the basis of everything, thus if we understand certain parts of it and what is involved on it, we would be able to control many diseases that affects society nowadays.
With these discovery we would be contributing to industry and researches.
new hypothesis could change the way we see things, and would make researchers focused in other cell structures such as ribosomes.
The cause of some diseases might not be in the DNA, but on the malfunctioning of ribosomes, in that way we must look for the real cause of them.
In my opinion this is a big step for medicine, although there is not yet a certain result, and they have to investigate more about the genes, they have a great part of the investigation that can guide them to find the solution to multiple diseases. I think that this kind of researches benefit a lot our society, because they are trying to improve people’s life, by finding the different places of de brain where illnesses are originated. With this project we can start thinking on possible cures and treatments for Alzheimer's, autism, depression and other disorders.
It's good to start investigating on other cellular structures that may be quite involved in the most complex processes of DNA. Scientists may have never wondered what real role of ribosome is. Thinking about new hypotheses and that maybe the ribosome is the central point is crazy but good, because they could be right.
Feature story from the Garvan Institute of Medical Research's April 2013 issue of Breakthrough newsletter. More at https://www.garvan.org.au/news-events/newsletters
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
HOW SOME UNUSUAL RNA MOLECULES HOME IN ON TARGETS ” AND “UNIQUE EPIGENOMIC CODE IDENTIFIED DURING HUMAN BRAIN DEVELOPMEN”
1. “HOW SOME UNUSUAL RNA MOLECULES
HOME IN ON TARGETS ” AND “UNIQUE
EPIGENOMIC CODE IDENTIFIED DURING
HUMAN BRAIN DEVELOPMEN”
Juan Camilo Cadavid Usuga
Medicine student
III Semester
Molecular Biology
2.
3.
4. INTRODUCTION
This news try both on different
forms and methods that we
have studied the DNA and the
influence on cell activity. this
news show the medical
application has to know and
locate genes and function of
these normal and abnormal as
can be pathological.
5. HOW SOME UNUSUAL RNA
MOLECULES HOME IN ON TARGETS.
Sciencedaily July 5, 2013
lncRNAs as a way to meet the genes
that are necessaries for common
function in only one physical region and
to regule as a joint and not individually.
lncRNAs collects and organize, key
proteins involved in packaging of
genetic information to regulate gene
expression.
6. HOW SOME UNUSUAL RNA
MOLECULES HOME IN ON TARGETS.
Sciencedaily July 5, 2013
Xist is one kind of
IncRNA this molecule
involved in the
transformation of one
of the X chromosome
in females. Works
arranging and
modifying chromatin
structure.
Image taken from:
http://www.nature.com/embor/journal/v8/n1/fig_tab/7400871_F3.html
7. HOW SOME UNUSUAL RNA
MOLECULES HOME IN ON TARGETS.
Sciencedaily July 5, 2013
To understand this
mechanism is developed a
RAP (antisense RNA
Purification), and found that
this RNA use the position
information to find things that
were far away from it in the
genome space. When Xist
lights, strip quickly in the
genes, forming a cloud
bringing all genes related with
a physics nuclear structure.
(Credit image: Amy Pandya-Jones and Kathrin Plath)
8. HOW SOME UNUSUAL RNA
MOLECULES HOME IN ON TARGETS.
Sciencedaily July 5, 2013
The IncRNAs, unlikeproteins, can reallyuse its genomicinformation - itscontext, its location -to act, to meet thegoals, "he says." Thatmakes them quiteunique.
9. OBSERVATION
I think the significance of these
discoveries at molecular level don’t
lie only in running but in perform them
in medicine and treatments for genetic
diseases treated with gene therapy
embedded these IncRNA as it has
opened the possibility in Down
syndrome.
10. UNIQUE EPIGENOMIC CODE
IDENTIFIED DURING HUMAN BRAIN
DEVELOPMEN.
Sciencedaily July 5, 2013
Epigenome changes, has an
important role in learning and
memory, because each cell
express information contained on
its DNA. Changes such as DNA
methylation, which may control
turned on or off without change
the DNA alphabet and for it the
differentiation between types of
nervous cells.
11. UNIQUE EPIGENOMIC CODE
IDENTIFIED DURING HUMAN BRAIN
DEVELOPMEN.
Sciencedaily July 5, 2013
DNA methylation is produced generally
at CpG sites, where C (cytosine) sits
next to G (guanine) in the DNA
alphabet. The current study finds this
is not the case in the brain where no
CG methylation occurs after cells
differentiate, usually during childhood
and adolescence.
This picture show the DNA
methylation VS age.
(Credit Image Courtesy of Eran Mukamel, The
Salk Institute for Biological Studies)
12. UNIQUE EPIGENOMIC CODE
IDENTIFIED DURING HUMAN BRAIN
DEVELOPMEN.
Sciencedaily July 5, 2013
No CG methylation accumulates in neurons through early childhood and
adolescence, and becomes the dominant form of DNA methylation in mature
human neurons.
Image taken from: http://patergen.wordpress.com/page/3/
13. UNIQUE EPIGENOMIC CODE
IDENTIFIED DURING HUMAN BRAIN
DEVELOPMEN.
Sciencedaily July 5, 2013
"This tells us that neural circuit’s mature brain is accompanied by a parallel
process of large-scale reconfiguration of the neural epigenome"
Image taken from:
http://www.somosmedicina.com/2013/02/eyewire-juega-colaborando-con-la.html
14. OBSERVATION
I think that this study is showing us how
the variation of epigenetic changes of
neuron vary according with the age and in
order with the right operation of itself, but
also as an abnormality in these, can lead to
certain diseases in which should abound
more from physiopathological point
oriented from molecular.
16. MEDICAL UTILITY
HOW SOME UNUSUAL RNA
MOLECULES HOME IN ON TARGETS
XIST an IncRNA molecule that is important in
modern medicine because it is responsible to
transform one of two X chromosomes in female
mammals and according to research by the
journal "Nature" the introduction of this gene
could correct trisomy of chromosome 21,
abnormality genetic that causes Down
syndrome.
17. MEDICAL UTILITY
UNIQUE EPIGENOMIC CODE IDENTIFIED
DURING HUMAN BRAIN DEVELOPMEN
The use of DNA study and its methylation changes can
be related to human diseases.
18. MEDICAL UTILITY
UNIQUE EPIGENOMIC CODE
IDENTIFIED DURING HUMAN BRAIN
DEVELOPMEN
Including psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia,
depression, suicide and bipolar disorder.
Image taken from:
http://www.metrolic.com/strange-mental-disorders-130045/
19. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Martínez S, Lina María. Biología Molecular. 7 ed. Medellín: UPB.
Facultad de Medicina, 2012. 59-67.P
• J. M. Engreitz, A. Pandya-Jones, P. McDonel, A. Shishkin, K.
Sirokman, C. Surka, et al. How Some Unusual RNA Molecules Home
in On Targets. sciencedaily, (online magazine),2013(July 5).
available online :
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130705212230.ht
m
• R. Lister, E. A. Mukamel, J. R. Nery, M. Urich, C. A. Puddifoot, et
al. Unique Epigenomic Code Identified During Human Brain
Development. sciencedaily, (online magazine),2013(July 5).
available online :
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130705102037.ht
m