The document discusses recent discoveries related to DNA and stem cells that are allowing for new therapeutic approaches to cancer management. Specifically, it discusses how discoveries of the protein MutL, which helps repair DNA errors, and how mutations in genes encoding DNA repair proteins can lead to cancers. It also discusses how researchers have identified a new stem cell signaling pathway that may help lower tumor risks in stem cell therapies by reducing formation of teratomas during stem cell differentiation.

1. Discovery of DNA and the stem cells, are allowing the development of therapeutic tools in the cancer management. Marcela Aristizabal Bedoya Medicine student 3rd semester

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4. INTRODUCTION In recent years medicine and biology have experienced many revolutions that have changed dramatically and an unimaginable both basic conceptual issues as the focus of disease and therapeutic options. Some pathological processes such as cancer, are caused by degeneration, dysfunction or death of certain cell types, and then find two news about scientific developments relating to utilization of molecular biology in medicine.

5. DNA Discovery Opens New Door to Develop Tools, Therapies for Hereditary Cancers SCIENCE DAILY – JULY 8, 2010

6. DNA Discovery Opens New Door to Develop Tools, Therapies for Hereditary CancersScience daily - July 8,2010 A specific protein, known as MutL, works within a cell to unleash the series of events that repair DNA when the replication machinery makes a mistake. Errors in DNA can arise from many types of damage including external harm, such as UV radiation or carcinogens, as well as by intrinsic cellular processes such as DNA replication. Failure to correct these errors leads to mutations, which results in cancer or a number of severe genetic disorders.

7. DNA Discovery Opens New Door to Develop Tools, Therapies for Hereditary CancersScience daily - July 8,2010 The protein MutL -- a matchmaker protein -- that recruits other enzymes and proteins within the cell to recognize, remove and correct mismatched DNA. That mutations on the genes that encode mismatch repair proteins give rise to two forms of familial cancer -- hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer and Turcot Syndrome.

8. DNA Discovery Opens New Door to Develop Tools, Therapies for Hereditary CancersScience daily - July 8,2010 They also discovered that PCNA, another protein within the pathway, allows DNA to bind to MutL so it can be repaired. The PCNA protein is necessary to correct mismatches, but we didn't know its concrete function, one of the roles of these replication proteins is to license the cutting activity of MutL The results also provide new avenues to develop alternative cancer treatments, as the hope is future cancer therapies may be focused at the molecular level and involve blocking specific pathways within the cell.

9. STUDENT OPINION In my opinióni think that we should investigate more about the DNA behavior to adquire new techniques and knowledge and then we can take those importan discoveries and apply them to the molecular medicine to prevent the developement of potencial carcinogenic cells.

10. Biologists Find a Way to Lower Tumor Risk in Stem Cell Therapies SCIENCE DAILY- JULY 9, 2010

11. Biologists Find a Way to Lower Tumor Risk in Stem Cell TherapiesSCIENCE DAILY- JULY 9, 2010 The embryonic stem cells have the ability to form unusual tumors called teratomas. These tumors, which contain a mixture of cells from a variety of tissues and organs of the body, are typically benign

12. Biologists Find a Way to Lower Tumor Risk in Stem Cell TherapiesSCIENCE DAILY- JULY 9, 2010 The researchers report that they have identified a new signaling pathway critical for unlimited self propagation of embryonic stem cells.

13. Biologists Find a Way to Lower Tumor Risk in Stem Cell TherapiesSCIENCE DAILY- JULY 9, 2010 "Human stem cell therapy involves differentiating human embryonic stem cells into the kinds of cells needed for the treatment,“"But this differentiation is never complete, meaning that the final product is a mixture of cells inevitably containing undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. So by transplanting these cells into a patient, there's clearly a risk of producing teratomas."

14. STUDENT OPINION I think this news is of great interest, since the stem cell gene therapy are becoming a boon to medical therapy. Advances in stem cell research is expanding the field of knowledge about how an organism develops from a single cell, to how healthy cells replace damaged cells, In my opinion the stem cells are of vital importance to advance in the probably discover of the treatmen of diverse cancers.

15. MEDICAL UTILITY

16. MEDICAL UTILITY The genetic research has consisted of molecular studies in medicine. It has resulted in a profound change in the understanding of the pathophysiology of diverse genetic diseases. Although many genetic discoveries have resulted in better diagnostic tests, the application of molecular technologies to the treatment of genetic diseases is natural and logical.

17. MEDICAL UTILITY Those discoveries can be use in the medical world, in the quickly diagnosis of strange diseases, in special genetic and hereditary diseases.

18. MEDICAL UTILITY The exploration around the DNA structure and operation vinculated with the working of stem cells, the medicine should take those knowledges and use that in the treatment of the cáncer in many presentations. With the stem cells we can study the way that the organism generates the teratoma and act in the genetic part of the procreation.

20. ª McMaster University (2010, July 16). DNA discovery opens new door to develop tools, therapies for hereditary cancers. ScienceDaily. Retrieved July 19, 2010, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100708122613.htm BIBLIOGRAPHY

21. Science is facts; just as houses are made of stones, so is science made of facts; but a pile of stones is not a house and a collection of facts is not necessarily science – Henri Poincare.THANK YOU