1. “HOW SOME UNUSUAL RNA MOLECULES
HOME IN ON TARGETS ” AND “UNIQUE
EPIGENOMIC CODE IDENTIFIED DURING
HUMAN BRAIN DEVELOPMEN”
Juan Camilo Cadavid Usuga
Medicine student
III Semester
Molecular Biology

4. INTRODUCTION
This news try both on different
forms and methods that we
have studied the DNA and the
influence on cell activity. this
news show the medical
application has to know and
locate genes and function of
these normal and abnormal as
can be pathological.

5. HOW SOME UNUSUAL RNA
MOLECULES HOME IN ON TARGETS.
Sciencedaily July 5, 2013
 lncRNAs as a way to meet the genes
that are necessaries for common
function in only one physical region and
to regule as a joint and not individually.
lncRNAs collects and organize, key
proteins involved in packaging of
genetic information to regulate gene
expression.

6. HOW SOME UNUSUAL RNA
MOLECULES HOME IN ON TARGETS.
Sciencedaily July 5, 2013
 Xist is one kind of
IncRNA this molecule
involved in the
transformation of one
of the X chromosome
in females. Works
arranging and
modifying chromatin
structure.
Image taken from:
http://www.nature.com/embor/journal/v8/n1/fig_tab/7400871_F3.html

7. HOW SOME UNUSUAL RNA
MOLECULES HOME IN ON TARGETS.
Sciencedaily July 5, 2013
 To understand this
mechanism is developed a
RAP (antisense RNA
Purification), and found that
this RNA use the position
information to find things that
were far away from it in the
genome space. When Xist
lights, strip quickly in the
genes, forming a cloud
bringing all genes related with
a physics nuclear structure.
(Credit image: Amy Pandya-Jones and Kathrin Plath)

8. HOW SOME UNUSUAL RNA
MOLECULES HOME IN ON TARGETS.
Sciencedaily July 5, 2013
 The IncRNAs, unlikeproteins, can reallyuse its genomicinformation - itscontext, its location -to act, to meet thegoals, "he says." Thatmakes them quiteunique.

9. OBSERVATION
I think the significance of these
discoveries at molecular level don’t
lie only in running but in perform them
in medicine and treatments for genetic
diseases treated with gene therapy
embedded these IncRNA as it has
opened the possibility in Down
syndrome.

10. UNIQUE EPIGENOMIC CODE
IDENTIFIED DURING HUMAN BRAIN
DEVELOPMEN.
Sciencedaily July 5, 2013
Epigenome changes, has an
important role in learning and
memory, because each cell
express information contained on
its DNA. Changes such as DNA
methylation, which may control
turned on or off without change
the DNA alphabet and for it the
differentiation between types of
nervous cells.

11. UNIQUE EPIGENOMIC CODE
IDENTIFIED DURING HUMAN BRAIN
DEVELOPMEN.
Sciencedaily July 5, 2013
 DNA methylation is produced generally
at CpG sites, where C (cytosine) sits
next to G (guanine) in the DNA
alphabet. The current study finds this
is not the case in the brain where no
CG methylation occurs after cells
differentiate, usually during childhood
and adolescence.
 This picture show the DNA
methylation VS age.
(Credit Image Courtesy of Eran Mukamel, The
Salk Institute for Biological Studies)

12. UNIQUE EPIGENOMIC CODE
IDENTIFIED DURING HUMAN BRAIN
DEVELOPMEN.
Sciencedaily July 5, 2013
 No CG methylation accumulates in neurons through early childhood and
adolescence, and becomes the dominant form of DNA methylation in mature
human neurons.
Image taken from: http://patergen.wordpress.com/page/3/

13. UNIQUE EPIGENOMIC CODE
IDENTIFIED DURING HUMAN BRAIN
DEVELOPMEN.
Sciencedaily July 5, 2013
 "This tells us that neural circuit’s mature brain is accompanied by a parallel
process of large-scale reconfiguration of the neural epigenome"
Image taken from:
http://www.somosmedicina.com/2013/02/eyewire-juega-colaborando-con-la.html

14. OBSERVATION
I think that this study is showing us how
the variation of epigenetic changes of
neuron vary according with the age and in
order with the right operation of itself, but
also as an abnormality in these, can lead to
certain diseases in which should abound
more from physiopathological point
oriented from molecular.

15. MEDICAL
UTILITY

16. MEDICAL UTILITY
HOW SOME UNUSUAL RNA
MOLECULES HOME IN ON TARGETS
XIST an IncRNA molecule that is important in
modern medicine because it is responsible to
transform one of two X chromosomes in female
mammals and according to research by the
journal "Nature" the introduction of this gene
could correct trisomy of chromosome 21,
abnormality genetic that causes Down
syndrome.

17. MEDICAL UTILITY
UNIQUE EPIGENOMIC CODE IDENTIFIED
DURING HUMAN BRAIN DEVELOPMEN
The use of DNA study and its methylation changes can
be related to human diseases.

18. MEDICAL UTILITY
UNIQUE EPIGENOMIC CODE
IDENTIFIED DURING HUMAN BRAIN
DEVELOPMEN
Including psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia,
depression, suicide and bipolar disorder.
Image taken from:
http://www.metrolic.com/strange-mental-disorders-130045/

19. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Martínez S, Lina María. Biología Molecular. 7 ed. Medellín: UPB.
Facultad de Medicina, 2012. 59-67.P
• J. M. Engreitz, A. Pandya-Jones, P. McDonel, A. Shishkin, K.
Sirokman, C. Surka, et al. How Some Unusual RNA Molecules Home
in On Targets. sciencedaily, (online magazine),2013(July 5).
available online :
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130705212230.ht
m
• R. Lister, E. A. Mukamel, J. R. Nery, M. Urich, C. A. Puddifoot, et
al. Unique Epigenomic Code Identified During Human Brain
Development. sciencedaily, (online magazine),2013(July 5).
available online :
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130705102037.ht
m

20. THANKS…
Image taken from:
http://formacionpastoralparalaicos.blogspot.com/2009/09/conoci
miento-cientifico-y-conocimiento.html