Plant secondary metabolism in altered gravity
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Plant secondary metabolism studies in altered gravity are very important in order to provide Bio-regenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS).
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The four phases of bacterial growth are lag phase, log or exponential phase, stationary phase, and death phase. In lag phase, bacteria are adjusting to their environment and producing enzymes and ribosomes. In log phase, the population grows exponentially as bacteria actively reproduce through binary fission. In stationary phase, reproduction and death rates equalize as nutrients become limited. In death phase, death outpaces reproduction and the population declines as conditions become unsuitable.
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Genetic engineering is the process of manipulating genes to introduce desirable traits. It involves combining DNA from different organisms, such as inserting a gene for insulin into bacteria. The gene is inserted into a plasmid or virus vector and introduced into a host cell. This allows the production of proteins like insulin to treat diseases. While genetic engineering holds promise to treat diseases, some argue it could disrupt nature in unintended ways. Regulatory issues also exist regarding its applications and effects.
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what is GMO.
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Genetic engineering 34
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Embryo sexing final ppt
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Cloning in farm animals has problems and perspectives. Key issues include developmental anomalies in cloned animals, the large offspring syndrome observed in cattle and sheep clones, and safety apprehensions regarding meat and milk from cloned animals. However, cloning also has potential applications for transgenic animal production, creating disease models, bioreactors, and research into xenotransplantation. It allows the propagation of elite livestock and conservation of endangered species. Further optimization is needed to improve cloning efficiency and resolve health issues.
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Cloning ppt
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Transgenic animals - A brief review
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Transgenic animals
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Transgenic Animals A Better Approach towards Experimentation
Animals play a crucial role in the development of medical products from medicines to various implants and major surgical procedures. They are not approved for human use until they qualify the safety parameters in animals. The animals play a pivotal role in drug discovery and development. One of the most challenging aspects of targeting drugs for any pathological condition is the development of animal models. Animal models are nothing but an approach to replicate the general symptoms of the diseased condition which occur in humans. The whole pathophysiology cannot be replicated but, the symptoms which are known and precipitate the most in any pathological condition are positively reproduced within the animal. With the increasing need in the medical field, the paradigm is now slowly shifting towards transgenic animals as they have given a new dimension to medical sciences to study the pathophysiology of the disease rather than focusing on the symptom based analysis of the diseased condition. These genetically modified organisms have shown groundbreaking results not only in developing models for various diseases but also in developing biopharmaceuticals, receptor selective drugs, and have a huge contribution to xenotransplantation and the agriculture sector. This review article vividly describes the newer approaches that are adopted to develop transgenic animal models and also highlights certain limitations to the older approach of developing the models. Swarnima Negi | Dr. Sachdev Yadav "Transgenic Animals: A Better Approach towards Experimentation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38268.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacology-/38268/transgenic-animals-a-better-approach-towards-experimentation/swarnima-negi
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The document discusses the generation and husbandry of transgenic mice. It describes how transgenic mice are produced by injecting DNA into fertilized mouse eggs, which can integrate randomly and potentially disrupt endogenous genes. It also describes targeted "knockout" techniques using embryonic stem cells. The document provides details on planning and maintaining transgenic mouse colonies, including breeding strategies, housing, health monitoring and common pathogens.
Transgenesis in animal
Transgenesis techniques have evolved from early microinjection methods to more precise engineered nuclease approaches. Initial methods like pronuclear microinjection resulted in random integration with low efficiency. The development of embryonic stem cells and nuclear transfer enabled greater control over transgenic status but required extensive cloning. Newer tools like transposons, zinc finger nucleases, and CRISPR/Cas9 allow for stable, heritable integration at targeted genomic loci with higher efficiency and less mosaicism than early random integration methods. These advances facilitate the creation of transgenic and gene-edited animal models for agricultural and biomedical applications.
Cloning
Describes different types of cloning, advantages and disadvantages of cloning, ethical implications of cloning animals etc.
Transgenic manipulation of animal embryos and its application
INTRODUCTION
Genetic manipulation in animal for higher productivity is also called genetic engineering, refer to the alteration of the gene of an organism.
Organisms containing integrated sequences of cloned dna (transgenes), transferred using techniques of genetic engineering (to include those of gene transfer and gene substitution) are called transgenic animals.
Transgenic technology has led to the development of fishes, live stock and other animals with altered genetic profiles which are useful to mankind.Genetically modified animals are proving ever more vital in the development of new treatments and cures for many serious diseases.
Transgenesis is a radically new technology for altering the characteristics of animals by introducing the foreign genetic material.
CONTACT: devmac1323@gmail.com
Transgenic sheep ppt for staff & students
Sheep named Dolly was cloned by transfer of a nucleus from a mammary (Udder) cell of an adult sheep into an egg cell.
mammary cell
Nucleus
insert into
a egg cell
First demonstration of pluripotency (totipotency) of a nucleus of a differentiated adult cell.
Cloning of dolly somatic cell nuclei
clone cattle, sheep, goats, pigs.
nuclear transfer procedures are similar.
Adult donor cells from a variety of cell types(mammary epithelial and ovarian cells, fibroblasts, lymphocytes) are isolated
Cultured and genetically modified methods.
individual donor cells are fused to an enucleated oocyte with short-duration electric pulse.
eg: two 2.5 kilovolt /cm pulses for 10microseconds
Used to fuse adult cattle fibroblasts with enucleated oocytes.
The pulses simultaneously induce cell fusion and oocyte activation.
Blastocyst stage before transferred into the uterus of a pseudopregant female.
Confirmed transgene at the time of birth
Surviving animals produced by nuclear transfer are healthy.
There, is a substantial loss of individual before and after birth some of the cloned animals display abnormalities.
Abnormlities such as increased birth weight.
Dna methylation and histone modification of the original donor cell is inappropriate maintained in the cells of the recipient animals.
Transgenic animals by Kashikant Yadav
Transgenic animals are animals whose genomes have been modified by the addition or deletion of genes. Common methods to produce transgenic animals include DNA microinjection, retrovirus-mediated gene transfer, and embryonic stem cell-mediated gene transfer. Transgenic animals are produced for various economic, medical, and industrial applications such as increasing milk production in cows, developing disease models, and producing pharmaceuticals in the milk of transgenic animals. Proper housing and care is required to maintain transgenic animals.
Transgenic animals
This presentation gives a comprehensive detail of transgenic animal, processes involve in the production of transgenic animal and also highlights several benefits of transgenic animal
Trangenic animals
The document defines transgenic animals as organisms with DNA from another source inserted into their genome, making them genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It provides a brief historical background on early transgenic research and commercialization. The document then categorizes GMOs, describes common methods for producing transgenic animals like embryonic stem cell and pronucleus methods, and gives examples of transgenic mice, fish, cows, pigs, monkeys, and more. It discusses advantages like improved growth and traits, as well as disadvantages like unintended effects and breeding issues. Finally, it outlines applications like producing recombinant proteins, serving as disease models, and aiding medical research.
Developmental mechanisms of evolutionary change
This document summarizes key concepts in developmental biology and evolution. It discusses how changes in developmental pathways and gene regulation allow for morphological evolution while maintaining homologous structures. Modularity allows changes in certain body parts without disrupting others. Development is constrained by physical laws, developmental mechanisms, and phylogenetic history. Changes accumulate over generations through mutations affecting timing, scaling, duplication, and co-option of genetic and developmental mechanisms.
Spirulina
- Spirulina is a blue-green algae that is highly nutritious, containing nutrients like protein, iron, beta carotene, vitamins, and minerals in high amounts. Research shows it has benefits like reducing risks of cancer, heart disease, and viruses. It is about 60% complete protein and grows rapidly with high yields. Studies indicate spirulina may help conditions like anemia, diabetes, cardiovascular issues, neurodegenerative diseases, and more due to its antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties. In conclusion, spirulina is a very nutritious supplement that can benefit various aspects of health.
Spirulina
The Chernobyl nuclear disaster of 1986 caused widespread radiation exposure. Spirulina was donated and helped improve health outcomes for those affected by increasing white blood cell count and improving immunity. Spirulina is a type of blue-green algae that is highly nutritious, containing protein, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. It has been used successfully to treat those exposed to radiation from Chernobyl and provides many health benefits as a dietary supplement.
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The site of blastomere biopsy may prevent the
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Animal Cloning Procedure, Problems and Perspectives
Cloning in farm animals has problems and perspectives. Key issues include developmental anomalies in cloned animals, the large offspring syndrome observed in cattle and sheep clones, and safety apprehensions regarding meat and milk from cloned animals. However, cloning also has potential applications for transgenic animal production, creating disease models, bioreactors, and research into xenotransplantation. It allows the propagation of elite livestock and conservation of endangered species. Further optimization is needed to improve cloning efficiency and resolve health issues.
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Transgenic animals are created through recombinant DNA technology by inserting foreign genes into the animal's genome. This is done to improve livestock, use animals as bioreactors for pharmaceutical production, and for research purposes. The main methods of creating transgenic animals are DNA microinjection, retrovirus-mediated gene transfer, embryonic stem cell transfer, and sperm-mediated gene transfer. Examples include transgenic cows that produce more nutritious milk, pigs with genes to reduce environmental pollution, and mice used widely as model organisms. While transgenic animals have benefits, there are also ethical concerns regarding animal welfare and unintended environmental impacts.
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Cloning involves producing genetically identical copies of biological entities. In the 1950s, embryologists Briggs and King developed nuclear transplantation, a technique where the nucleus is transferred from one cell to an egg cell with its original nucleus removed. This revealed that nuclei from older embryos and tadpoles, when transplanted, can affect the developmental potential of the recipient egg cell. Cloning describes processes used to copy genetic material and produce clones that are identical to the original biological entity.
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Trends in evolution :- synopsis :- 1. INTRODUCTION
( DEFINITION OF EVOLUTION)
2.TRENDS IN EVOLUTION
3. DEFINITION OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION
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*Mutation
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*Sexual reproduction
5.EVOLUTION OF GENE FAMILIES
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For more you can refer to www.faunafondness.com
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This document discusses animal cloning, specifically somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). It provides information on the history of cloning, animals that have been cloned, the SCNT process, challenges to successful cloning including reprogramming differentiated cells, and problems seen in cloned animals including embryonic and postnatal abnormalities. Applications of cloning such as restoring endangered species, generating transgenic animals, and gene knockout in farm animals are also covered.
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This document discusses macroevolution, megaevolution, and speciation. It defines macroevolution as changes that occur at or above the species level, such as the evolution of feathers in birds. Megaevolution refers to major evolutionary transitions, such as the change from single-celled to multicellular organisms. Speciation is the formation of new species, which can occur through mechanisms of allopatric, parapatric, or sympatric speciation as populations become reproductively isolated. Intrinsic reproductive isolating mechanisms that can lead to speciation include ecological, temporal, behavioral, mechanical and gametic isolation.
Transgenic animals - A brief review
Transgenic animals are animals whose genomes have been altered by the addition of foreign DNA. There are three main methods for creating transgenic animals: retroviral vector method, DNA microinjection, and using engineered embryonic stem cells. Many transgenic animals have been created successfully for various purposes, including glowing zebrafish, faster growing salmon, Alzheimer's disease mouse models, and the first transgenic monkey. Transgenic technology holds promise for applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry, but also raises ethical concerns and biosafety issues.
Transgenic animals
Transgenic animals are genetically engineered to contain genes from another species. The first transgenic animal was produced by microinjecting DNA into fertilized mouse eggs. This allows the new genes to integrate into the genome and be passed to offspring. Knockout mice have a specific endogenous gene altered so it is no longer expressed normally. They are used to study gene function and model human diseases. Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell, showing that nuclear transfer can generate a live offspring genetically identical to the donor animal.
Transgenic Animals A Better Approach towards Experimentation
Animals play a crucial role in the development of medical products from medicines to various implants and major surgical procedures. They are not approved for human use until they qualify the safety parameters in animals. The animals play a pivotal role in drug discovery and development. One of the most challenging aspects of targeting drugs for any pathological condition is the development of animal models. Animal models are nothing but an approach to replicate the general symptoms of the diseased condition which occur in humans. The whole pathophysiology cannot be replicated but, the symptoms which are known and precipitate the most in any pathological condition are positively reproduced within the animal. With the increasing need in the medical field, the paradigm is now slowly shifting towards transgenic animals as they have given a new dimension to medical sciences to study the pathophysiology of the disease rather than focusing on the symptom based analysis of the diseased condition. These genetically modified organisms have shown groundbreaking results not only in developing models for various diseases but also in developing biopharmaceuticals, receptor selective drugs, and have a huge contribution to xenotransplantation and the agriculture sector. This review article vividly describes the newer approaches that are adopted to develop transgenic animal models and also highlights certain limitations to the older approach of developing the models. Swarnima Negi | Dr. Sachdev Yadav "Transgenic Animals: A Better Approach towards Experimentation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38268.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacology-/38268/transgenic-animals-a-better-approach-towards-experimentation/swarnima-negi
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The document discusses the generation and husbandry of transgenic mice. It describes how transgenic mice are produced by injecting DNA into fertilized mouse eggs, which can integrate randomly and potentially disrupt endogenous genes. It also describes targeted "knockout" techniques using embryonic stem cells. The document provides details on planning and maintaining transgenic mouse colonies, including breeding strategies, housing, health monitoring and common pathogens.
Transgenesis in animal
Transgenesis techniques have evolved from early microinjection methods to more precise engineered nuclease approaches. Initial methods like pronuclear microinjection resulted in random integration with low efficiency. The development of embryonic stem cells and nuclear transfer enabled greater control over transgenic status but required extensive cloning. Newer tools like transposons, zinc finger nucleases, and CRISPR/Cas9 allow for stable, heritable integration at targeted genomic loci with higher efficiency and less mosaicism than early random integration methods. These advances facilitate the creation of transgenic and gene-edited animal models for agricultural and biomedical applications.
Cloning
Describes different types of cloning, advantages and disadvantages of cloning, ethical implications of cloning animals etc.
Transgenic manipulation of animal embryos and its application
INTRODUCTION
Genetic manipulation in animal for higher productivity is also called genetic engineering, refer to the alteration of the gene of an organism.
Organisms containing integrated sequences of cloned dna (transgenes), transferred using techniques of genetic engineering (to include those of gene transfer and gene substitution) are called transgenic animals.
Transgenic technology has led to the development of fishes, live stock and other animals with altered genetic profiles which are useful to mankind.Genetically modified animals are proving ever more vital in the development of new treatments and cures for many serious diseases.
Transgenesis is a radically new technology for altering the characteristics of animals by introducing the foreign genetic material.
CONTACT: devmac1323@gmail.com
Transgenic sheep ppt for staff & students
Sheep named Dolly was cloned by transfer of a nucleus from a mammary (Udder) cell of an adult sheep into an egg cell.
mammary cell
Nucleus
insert into
a egg cell
First demonstration of pluripotency (totipotency) of a nucleus of a differentiated adult cell.
Cloning of dolly somatic cell nuclei
clone cattle, sheep, goats, pigs.
nuclear transfer procedures are similar.
Adult donor cells from a variety of cell types(mammary epithelial and ovarian cells, fibroblasts, lymphocytes) are isolated
Cultured and genetically modified methods.
individual donor cells are fused to an enucleated oocyte with short-duration electric pulse.
eg: two 2.5 kilovolt /cm pulses for 10microseconds
Used to fuse adult cattle fibroblasts with enucleated oocytes.
The pulses simultaneously induce cell fusion and oocyte activation.
Blastocyst stage before transferred into the uterus of a pseudopregant female.
Confirmed transgene at the time of birth
Surviving animals produced by nuclear transfer are healthy.
There, is a substantial loss of individual before and after birth some of the cloned animals display abnormalities.
Abnormlities such as increased birth weight.
Dna methylation and histone modification of the original donor cell is inappropriate maintained in the cells of the recipient animals.
Transgenic animals by Kashikant Yadav
Transgenic animals are animals whose genomes have been modified by the addition or deletion of genes. Common methods to produce transgenic animals include DNA microinjection, retrovirus-mediated gene transfer, and embryonic stem cell-mediated gene transfer. Transgenic animals are produced for various economic, medical, and industrial applications such as increasing milk production in cows, developing disease models, and producing pharmaceuticals in the milk of transgenic animals. Proper housing and care is required to maintain transgenic animals.
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This presentation gives a comprehensive detail of transgenic animal, processes involve in the production of transgenic animal and also highlights several benefits of transgenic animal
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The document defines transgenic animals as organisms with DNA from another source inserted into their genome, making them genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It provides a brief historical background on early transgenic research and commercialization. The document then categorizes GMOs, describes common methods for producing transgenic animals like embryonic stem cell and pronucleus methods, and gives examples of transgenic mice, fish, cows, pigs, monkeys, and more. It discusses advantages like improved growth and traits, as well as disadvantages like unintended effects and breeding issues. Finally, it outlines applications like producing recombinant proteins, serving as disease models, and aiding medical research.
Developmental mechanisms of evolutionary change
This document summarizes key concepts in developmental biology and evolution. It discusses how changes in developmental pathways and gene regulation allow for morphological evolution while maintaining homologous structures. Modularity allows changes in certain body parts without disrupting others. Development is constrained by physical laws, developmental mechanisms, and phylogenetic history. Changes accumulate over generations through mutations affecting timing, scaling, duplication, and co-option of genetic and developmental mechanisms.
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This document summarizes a study examining the formation and function of the contractile ring involved in polar body extrusion in the surf clam Spisula. The study found that:
1) The metaphase peripheral aster spreads along the egg cortex in an umbrella-like pattern, leaving a microtubule-poor center.
2) During anaphase, the aster disassembles as a cortical F-actin ring forms that matches the location, size, and pattern of the previous aster.
3) Inhibiting F-actin or myosin blocked polar body formation, while disrupting or stabilizing asters prevented proper ring and polar body formation, supporting the hypothesis that aster spreading
Fertilization 1
1. The document discusses the recognition and interaction between eggs and sperm in various species. It describes the key steps in fertilization, including chemoattraction of sperm to eggs, the acrosomal reaction, binding to the egg's extracellular envelope, and fusion of the plasma membranes.
2. In sea urchins, a peptide called resact attracts sperm to eggs and activates them. Bindin, a protein in the acrosomal process, mediates species-specific binding to the egg.
3. In mice, the zona pellucida protein ZP3 specifically binds sperm and initiates the acrosomal reaction, allowing enzymes to penetrate the zona for fertilization.
Microgravity and Infertility
It was observed that swim rate of sperm changes in microgravity. Sperm swim with higher velocity in microgravity. The fertilization might be affected by this mobility changes in sperm and this led to reduction in sperm motility under microgravity. Follicle Stimulating Hormone FSH that is responsible for ovulation in women by triggering egg maturity and stimulating sperm production in men can be damaged by microgravity. Therefore, ovulations and triggering of egg maturity and production of sperm may not take place. Higher acidity of outer vagina due to fluid distribution at the upper part of the body might kill the sperm or reduce sperm counts. Microgravity environment reduced the thickening of the endometrium to the extent that eggs cannot be planted cause non implantations . Jaiyeola O. Paul | Oluwafemi A. Funmilola | Abdullahi S. Ayegba "Microgravity and Infertility" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29408.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/29408/microgravity-and-infertility/jaiyeola-o-paul
Revision parodi 2013
This document summarizes research on sperm cell motility, viability, and calcium regulation. It discusses how sperm motility is regulated by calcium levels, which are controlled by ion channels such as CATsper. Modulating calcium channels and reducing motility may increase sperm cell viability by decreasing reactive oxygen species production. The document also reviews the roles of factors like temperature, membrane potential, and ion currents in modulating calcium concentrations and sperm cell functions like capacitation and the acrosome reaction.
fertilization
The document discusses the process of fertilization in several species. It describes 5 steps for recognition and fusion of egg and sperm cells, including chemoattraction, release of acrosomal enzymes, binding to extracellular envelopes, passage through envelopes, and fusion of nuclei. It also discusses the acrosome reaction, prevention of polyspermy through changes in electric potential and cortical granule reaction, and activation of the egg through calcium signaling and increased metabolism. Finally, it summarizes the process of sperm capacitation required for fertilization competence.
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Quantum entanglement in theoretical physics as a new insight into cancer biology
Quantum entanglement in theoretical physics as a new insight into cancer biologyAfrican Journal of Biological Sciences
Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in theoretical physics that happens when pairs or groups of particles are generated in such a way that the quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently of the others, even when the particles are separated by a large distance. Instead, a quantum state must be described for the system as a whole. Based on the theory of cancer as an evolutionary metabolic disease (Evolutionary Metabolic Hypothesis of Cancer or EMHC), the cancerous cells are eukaryotic cells with different metabolic rate from healthy cells due to the damaged or shut down mitochondria in them. Assuming each human eukaryotic cell as a particle and the whole body as a Quantum Entangled System (QES), is a new perspective on the description of cancer disease, and this link between theoretical physics and biological sciences in the field of cancer therapies can be a new insight into the cause, prevention and treatment of cancer. Additionally, this perspective admits the Lamarckian evolution in the understanding of the mentioned disease. We have presented each human eukaryotic cell containing mitochondria as a QES, and the whole body containing healthy and normal cells as a QES as well. The difference between the entropy of the healthy cells and cancer cells has also been mentioned in this research.
Keywords: Quantum Entanglement, Cancer, Mitochondria, Evolution, Quantum Entangled System (QES), EMHCArticle
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Somatic embryogenesis, in plant tissue culture
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS DEVELOPMENT
- INDUCTION
- DEVELOPMENT
- MATURATION
SYNTHETIC SEED
FACTORS AFFECTING SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS
APPLICATIONS
REFERENCE
protoplast unxplored aspects
Protoplasts are plant or microbial cells that have had their cell walls removed, leaving the cytoplasmic membrane as the outermost layer. Protoplast fusion involves fusing two or more protoplasts together using mechanical, chemical, or electrical methods. This technique is useful for introducing genetic recombinations to improve strains for industrial or agricultural purposes. Some examples include producing yeast hybrids with improved ethanol production or carotenoid overproduction in algae. Protoplast fusion has applications in strain improvement, developing novel antibiotics, and basic research on organelle function.
Spore: Potential of Invaluable Bacterial Wrap
Spore: Potential of Invaluable Bacterial Wrap SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences
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Key-words- Bacterial Spore, Biological detection system, Probiotics, Vaccine delivery, Bioremediation
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Honors - Cells & insulin, membrane and transport 1112b
1) The document discusses cells called leukocytes that move from blood vessels into tissues in response to cytokines and cellular adhesion molecules on endothelial cells.
2) It shows an image of mouse pancreas cells that express the Ptf1a gene, which is essential for forming the pancreas including insulin-secreting beta cells.
3) It provides information about proinsulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, and experiments transplanting human beta cells into mice pancreases.
SECONDARY METABOLITES PRODUCTION.pptx
This document discusses various methods for the production of secondary metabolites from plant cell cultures, including cell cloning of auxotrophic cells, immobilization of plant cells, two-phase system culture, hairy root culture, and genetic engineering of plant cells. Cell cloning involves selecting high-yielding cell lines by plating single cells and screening for altered phenotypes. Immobilization techniques entrap cells in gels, nets, foams or hollow fiber membranes. Hairy root culture uses Agrobacterium rhizogenes to generate transformed root cultures for production. Selection techniques include visual analysis, chemical analysis, and selecting for resistance to toxic analogs.
Behavioural analysis of nematode movement
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2) Nematodes use sensory inputs like chemosensilla and mechanosensilla to detect chemicals, temperature gradients, and physical stimuli that guide them to food sources, mates, and suitable habitats. Chemoattraction allows plant-parasitic nematodes to efficiently find host plant roots.
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Exomedicine[1]
This document discusses the potential benefits of conducting biomedical research under microgravity conditions in space. Microgravity allows scientists to grow better protein crystals and observe cell and tissue cultures in a way that is not possible on Earth. The International Space Station provides an environment for experiments in areas like cancer research, stem cells, tissue engineering and infectious diseases. Previous space-based experiments have yielded new insights, such as discovering a more effective crystal structure of an interferon drug. Continued microgravity research could advance understanding of human health and lead to new medical treatments and commercial applications.
Revision parodi 2013
This document summarizes research on the role of calcium and motility in sperm cell viability and function. It discusses how calcium regulates flagellar movement and capacitation processes like the acrosome reaction. Maintaining low motility through modulating calcium channels may increase sperm cell viability by reducing reactive oxygen species production from flagellar activity. The document also reviews various ion channels involved in calcium signaling in sperm and how environmental factors like temperature can impact sperm cell physiology and preservation.
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Plant secondary metabolism in altered gravity
- 1. By Fahad Shafiq PhD Scholar / Research Associate Department of Botany, GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan
- 2. How do Plants Sense Gravity? Cell Level Root Level Stem Level Answer Motion of a Falling or Sedimenting Body.
- 3. Mechanisms of Gravity Sensing Amyloplasts Statoliths Statocytes
- 4. Hypotheses Starch-Statolith Hypothesis Tensegrity Model
- 7. Gravity Sensing in Columella Cells
- 9. Gravity sensing in Arabidopsis Dynamics of Amyloplasts and AFs in Wild Type and fiz1/+ Endodermal Cells. Linear actin cable and amyloplast. The arrow indicates an amyloplast that has moved a long distance along a linear actin cable.
- 11. Why these experiments are required? Space Colonization International Space Station Antioxidant Rich Food for astronauts BLSS
- 12. Technical Limitations Difficult to achieve gravity levels Atmospheric conditions Maintenance of experimental conditions
- 17. How does the gravity environment shape/alter the way plants grow and reproduce? Directs Root & Stem Growth Requires Gravity Perception
- 18. Gravity Studies involves Micro gravity Hyper-gravity
- 19. Effects on Secondary Metabolism Increased isoflavonoids in soy bean 6- day exposure to micro gravity. β -carotene, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, and lutein in aquatic plant Ceratophyllum (9-d) 75 % more glucosinolate in Brassica rappa.
- 20. EVIDENCES OF ALTERED SECONDARY METABOLISM Increased disease susceptibility in wheat soybean seedlings Incomplete reproductive cycles Altered gaseous exchange Reduced seed size
- 21. Hormonal Imbalance Reduced cytokinin due to altered fluid dynamics. Increased effects of auxin in rice. Altered secondary metabolism
- 22. Mechanical Stress Effects Micro gravity Wood formation Secondary xylem Lignin formation Hyper Gravity Shoot length Upright growth Cell wall extensibility
- 23. Microgravity and Hyper-gravity Effects on Secondary Metabolism in Plants and Liquid Cultures.
- 24. Conclusions Micro gravity Increased secondary compound accumulation, Decreased PAL activity Decreased Lignin production. Hyper gravity Reduced secondary compound accumulation, Increased PAL activity Increased Lignin production
- 26. Got Questions? We have Answers