Green plants are able to produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells and involves using light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. The key requirements for photosynthesis are light energy from the sun, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil. The rate of photosynthesis can be affected by the availability of light, carbon dioxide levels, and temperature.
The document discusses diffusion and related transport processes. It defines diffusion as the passive movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Osmosis is defined as the diffusion of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane, from low to high solute concentration. Active transport is the movement of molecules against a concentration gradient, requiring energy. Key examples discussed include gas exchange in the lungs, nutrient absorption in the small intestine and placenta, and ion regulation in cells.
The document is an interactive scale model of the universe that shows the vast sizes between different astronomical objects. It begins by showing the relative sizes of everyday objects like cells and grains of sand. It then expands the scale all the way out to the largest known structures like galaxy superclusters and the observable universe. The scale demonstrates how small humans and Earth are in the context of the immense cosmos.
- A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in organisms, and all organisms are unicellular or multicellular.
- Key structures of the animal cell include the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and centrioles. The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, the nucleus houses genetic material, and mitochondria generate energy.
- Plant cells also contain a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a central vacuole. The cell wall provides structure and support, chloroplasts facilitate photosynthesis, and the vacuole stores water and nutrients.
The document summarizes an experiment on photosynthesis. [1] Van Helmont planted a willow sapling and measured the soil weight before and after 5 years, finding only a small loss of 52g of soil. [2] However, the tree had gained 74kg, showing that the soil is not the main source of a plant's growth materials. [3] Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into glucose and oxygen using chlorophyll in the leaves.
1. The document discusses the process of cellular respiration which releases energy from food in living cells. It occurs in three stages: breathing, internal respiration in the blood, and cellular respiration in cells.
2. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to fully break down glucose, generating more ATP. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen, producing less ATP. It allows for short term energy needs like intense muscle activity.
3. The lungs take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide through breathing. Gases are exchanged between the alveoli and blood capillaries by diffusion down a concentration gradient.
The document discusses photosynthesis and plant nutrition. It defines photosynthesis as the process by which plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. The requirements for photosynthesis are sunlight, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide and water. Leaves are adapted for photosynthesis through internal structures like stomata, mesophyll and vascular bundles that facilitate gas exchange and transport of nutrients and glucose. Limiting factors like light, carbon dioxide and temperature can affect the rate of photosynthesis. Deficiencies of nitrates and magnesium can stunt plant growth by limiting protein and chlorophyll production respectively.
The document discusses diffusion and related transport processes. It defines diffusion as the passive movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Osmosis is defined as the diffusion of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane, from low to high solute concentration. Active transport is the movement of molecules against a concentration gradient, requiring energy. Key examples discussed include gas exchange in the lungs, nutrient absorption in the small intestine and placenta, and ion regulation in cells.
The document is an interactive scale model of the universe that shows the vast sizes between different astronomical objects. It begins by showing the relative sizes of everyday objects like cells and grains of sand. It then expands the scale all the way out to the largest known structures like galaxy superclusters and the observable universe. The scale demonstrates how small humans and Earth are in the context of the immense cosmos.
- A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in organisms, and all organisms are unicellular or multicellular.
- Key structures of the animal cell include the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and centrioles. The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, the nucleus houses genetic material, and mitochondria generate energy.
- Plant cells also contain a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a central vacuole. The cell wall provides structure and support, chloroplasts facilitate photosynthesis, and the vacuole stores water and nutrients.
The document summarizes an experiment on photosynthesis. [1] Van Helmont planted a willow sapling and measured the soil weight before and after 5 years, finding only a small loss of 52g of soil. [2] However, the tree had gained 74kg, showing that the soil is not the main source of a plant's growth materials. [3] Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into glucose and oxygen using chlorophyll in the leaves.
1. The document discusses the process of cellular respiration which releases energy from food in living cells. It occurs in three stages: breathing, internal respiration in the blood, and cellular respiration in cells.
2. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to fully break down glucose, generating more ATP. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen, producing less ATP. It allows for short term energy needs like intense muscle activity.
3. The lungs take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide through breathing. Gases are exchanged between the alveoli and blood capillaries by diffusion down a concentration gradient.
The document discusses photosynthesis and plant nutrition. It defines photosynthesis as the process by which plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. The requirements for photosynthesis are sunlight, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide and water. Leaves are adapted for photosynthesis through internal structures like stomata, mesophyll and vascular bundles that facilitate gas exchange and transport of nutrients and glucose. Limiting factors like light, carbon dioxide and temperature can affect the rate of photosynthesis. Deficiencies of nitrates and magnesium can stunt plant growth by limiting protein and chlorophyll production respectively.
This document provides information about biological molecules and enzymes for an International GCSE Biology exam. It defines carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids as the three main types of biological molecules, and describes their structures and components. It also explains enzyme function using the lock and key theory and discusses how enzyme activity can be affected by changes in temperature and pH. Practical investigations are described for testing food samples for glucose, starch, protein and fat, as well as experiments on how enzyme activity of amylase is influenced by temperature and pH changes.
There are two transport systems in plants - xylem and phloem. Xylem vessels transport water and minerals up from the roots through hollow tubes made of lignin. Phloem vessels transport sugars and amino acids throughout the plant through living cells connected by pores. Water moves up xylem vessels through capillary action and transpiration. Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from leaves through stomata and is affected by temperature, wind, humidity, and light intensity. Plants have adaptations like waxy cuticles, sunken stomata, and water storage to reduce water loss in dry climates.
The document provides information on food, diet, and nutrition. It discusses the main nutrients found in food - carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fiber and water. It explains their sources, functions, and deficiency symptoms. It also covers topics like balanced diet, energy needs, food additives, causes of food shortage and solutions.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in biology, including:
1) The eight main characteristics shared by living organisms: movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition.
2) There are estimated to be millions of living species, but only a small fraction have been identified and classified.
3) Classification systems group organisms into a hierarchy of kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species to show evolutionary relationships. The scientific name uses binomial nomenclature to identify each species.
Specialized cells have specific jobs in multicellular organisms and differ from typical cells. Examples include skin, blood, nerve, liver and muscle cells which perform distinct functions. Specialized cell types allow complex organisms to carry out different processes through cellular specialization rather than relying on one cell type alone.
Plants produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, chlorophyll in plant leaves uses carbon dioxide and water along with sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen. The glucose is used by the plant for energy, growth, and storage while oxygen is released as a byproduct. Roots take in water and minerals from the soil which are used in photosynthesis while leaves are adapted with features like being broad and flat to maximize sunlight absorption and containing chloroplasts and chlorophyll.
This document provides information about enzymes and how they function as biological catalysts in metabolic reactions. It discusses that enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in cells and do not get used in the reactions. The document describes how enzymes have an active site that binds to substrate molecules in a lock-and-key mechanism. It explains that temperature and pH can affect the shape of the active site and enzyme function, with most enzymes working best around body temperature and pH 7. It proposes a simple experiment using the enzyme amylase to show how reaction time is affected by temperature.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen. It occurs in two stages: the light-dependent stage where light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, and the light-independent stage where carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose using the chemical energy produced in the first stage. Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts located in the palisade mesophyll cells of leaves. The glucose produced can then be used by the plant for energy, converted into other organic compounds, or transported to other parts of the plant for storage.
The document discusses how plants obtain nutrients and transport them throughout their bodies. Plants get minerals, carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, and sunlight from their environment. Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil, while leaves facilitate gas exchange via diffusion and transpiration. Nutrients are transported within the plant via vascular bundles containing xylem and phloem cells specially adapted for transporting water, minerals, and sugars respectively.
The document discusses the key components of DNA, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins C and D. It provides information on their chemical composition, roles in the body, food sources, and common tests used to identify each one.
Green plants and algae use photosynthesis to produce their own food, using light energy, carbon dioxide from the air, and water and minerals from the soil. The conditions plants are grown in, such as access to light, carbon dioxide, water and nutrients, can affect the rate of photosynthesis and plant growth. Leaves have structures like stomata and a layered internal structure that help them effectively capture carbon dioxide and light to carry out photosynthesis.
Edexcell Biology;
Most year 10 & 11 syllabus points by ppt.
Used in lessons to scaffold class teaching and as a revision resource for students
These resources are from many sources
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants produce glucose from carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. It occurs in the chloroplasts of leaves, where chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and uses its energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis is important because it converts sunlight into chemical energy stored as glucose, which provides energy for plant growth and is eventually converted into starch for long term storage.
The document discusses plant tropisms and how they are controlled by the plant hormone auxin. It defines different types of tropisms including phototropism, where a plant grows towards light, and geotropism, where shoots grow away from gravity and roots grow towards it. Auxin is produced at the shoot tip and causes differential growth, resulting in the shoot bending towards light or away from gravity. Weedkillers work by mimicking auxin and causing uncontrolled growth leading to plant death.
1) The document discusses various biological processes involving the movement of molecules, including diffusion, osmosis, gas exchange in the lungs, diffusion of nutrients in the small intestine and cells.
2) Key examples are how oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse in and out of the lungs during breathing, and how water, dissolved nutrients and minerals move in and out of cells and tissues by diffusion and active transport.
3) Experiments are described to demonstrate diffusion and osmosis, such as using a semipermeable membrane in a sugar solution to show osmosis.
Characteristics and classification of living organisms igcse o level 0610tilawat khan
The slides is about lesson characteristic and classification of living organism .
Course IGCSE O level Biology 0610
By Tilawat khan microbiology
Email:tk.microbiologist@gmail.com
The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood throughout the body in two circulation loops - pulmonary circulation to the lungs and systemic circulation to the rest of the body. Blood carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products and circulates in a double circulation through arteries, veins, and capillaries where gas and nutrient exchange occurs. The circulatory system helps transport these materials, fight infections, regulate temperature and pH, and heal injuries through clotting.
IGCSE Biology - Sexual and Asexual Reproductionmrexham
This document is a PowerPoint presentation about sexual and asexual reproduction in humans. It defines sexual reproduction as involving the fusion of male and female gametes through fertilization to form a zygote. Asexual reproduction occurs through mitosis, where cells divide to form genetically identical offspring. The presentation describes the processes of meiosis in gamete formation and mitosis in embryo development. It compares the key differences between sexual and asexual reproduction.
There are two transport systems in plants - xylem and phloem. Xylem transports water and minerals from the roots throughout the plant. Phloem transports sugars and amino acids made in the leaves throughout the plant. Xylem vessels are long, hollow tubes reinforced with lignin that carry water upwards. Phloem vessels are living cells that transport sucrose and amino acids from where they are made to where they are used or stored. Transpiration is the loss of water vapor through stomata in the leaves, and can be measured using a potometer. The rate of transpiration is affected by environmental conditions like temperature, wind, humidity, and light levels.
The document discusses plant nutrition and photosynthesis. It explains that photosynthesis is the process by which plants produce their own food, using carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen. The key parts of photosynthesis including the raw materials, products, and factors that affect its rate like light, carbon dioxide and temperature. It also discusses the importance of minerals for plant growth and describes deficiencies that can occur when plants do not get enough nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium or magnesium.
Plants produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, chlorophyll in plant leaves uses carbon dioxide and water along with sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen. The glucose is used by the plant for energy, growth, and storage while oxygen is released as a byproduct. Roots take in water and minerals from the soil which are used in photosynthesis while leaves are adapted with features like being broad and flat to maximize sunlight absorption and containing chloroplasts and chlorophyll.
This document provides information about biological molecules and enzymes for an International GCSE Biology exam. It defines carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids as the three main types of biological molecules, and describes their structures and components. It also explains enzyme function using the lock and key theory and discusses how enzyme activity can be affected by changes in temperature and pH. Practical investigations are described for testing food samples for glucose, starch, protein and fat, as well as experiments on how enzyme activity of amylase is influenced by temperature and pH changes.
There are two transport systems in plants - xylem and phloem. Xylem vessels transport water and minerals up from the roots through hollow tubes made of lignin. Phloem vessels transport sugars and amino acids throughout the plant through living cells connected by pores. Water moves up xylem vessels through capillary action and transpiration. Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from leaves through stomata and is affected by temperature, wind, humidity, and light intensity. Plants have adaptations like waxy cuticles, sunken stomata, and water storage to reduce water loss in dry climates.
The document provides information on food, diet, and nutrition. It discusses the main nutrients found in food - carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fiber and water. It explains their sources, functions, and deficiency symptoms. It also covers topics like balanced diet, energy needs, food additives, causes of food shortage and solutions.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in biology, including:
1) The eight main characteristics shared by living organisms: movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition.
2) There are estimated to be millions of living species, but only a small fraction have been identified and classified.
3) Classification systems group organisms into a hierarchy of kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species to show evolutionary relationships. The scientific name uses binomial nomenclature to identify each species.
Specialized cells have specific jobs in multicellular organisms and differ from typical cells. Examples include skin, blood, nerve, liver and muscle cells which perform distinct functions. Specialized cell types allow complex organisms to carry out different processes through cellular specialization rather than relying on one cell type alone.
Plants produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, chlorophyll in plant leaves uses carbon dioxide and water along with sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen. The glucose is used by the plant for energy, growth, and storage while oxygen is released as a byproduct. Roots take in water and minerals from the soil which are used in photosynthesis while leaves are adapted with features like being broad and flat to maximize sunlight absorption and containing chloroplasts and chlorophyll.
This document provides information about enzymes and how they function as biological catalysts in metabolic reactions. It discusses that enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in cells and do not get used in the reactions. The document describes how enzymes have an active site that binds to substrate molecules in a lock-and-key mechanism. It explains that temperature and pH can affect the shape of the active site and enzyme function, with most enzymes working best around body temperature and pH 7. It proposes a simple experiment using the enzyme amylase to show how reaction time is affected by temperature.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen. It occurs in two stages: the light-dependent stage where light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, and the light-independent stage where carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose using the chemical energy produced in the first stage. Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts located in the palisade mesophyll cells of leaves. The glucose produced can then be used by the plant for energy, converted into other organic compounds, or transported to other parts of the plant for storage.
The document discusses how plants obtain nutrients and transport them throughout their bodies. Plants get minerals, carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, and sunlight from their environment. Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil, while leaves facilitate gas exchange via diffusion and transpiration. Nutrients are transported within the plant via vascular bundles containing xylem and phloem cells specially adapted for transporting water, minerals, and sugars respectively.
The document discusses the key components of DNA, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins C and D. It provides information on their chemical composition, roles in the body, food sources, and common tests used to identify each one.
Green plants and algae use photosynthesis to produce their own food, using light energy, carbon dioxide from the air, and water and minerals from the soil. The conditions plants are grown in, such as access to light, carbon dioxide, water and nutrients, can affect the rate of photosynthesis and plant growth. Leaves have structures like stomata and a layered internal structure that help them effectively capture carbon dioxide and light to carry out photosynthesis.
Edexcell Biology;
Most year 10 & 11 syllabus points by ppt.
Used in lessons to scaffold class teaching and as a revision resource for students
These resources are from many sources
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants produce glucose from carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. It occurs in the chloroplasts of leaves, where chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and uses its energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis is important because it converts sunlight into chemical energy stored as glucose, which provides energy for plant growth and is eventually converted into starch for long term storage.
The document discusses plant tropisms and how they are controlled by the plant hormone auxin. It defines different types of tropisms including phototropism, where a plant grows towards light, and geotropism, where shoots grow away from gravity and roots grow towards it. Auxin is produced at the shoot tip and causes differential growth, resulting in the shoot bending towards light or away from gravity. Weedkillers work by mimicking auxin and causing uncontrolled growth leading to plant death.
1) The document discusses various biological processes involving the movement of molecules, including diffusion, osmosis, gas exchange in the lungs, diffusion of nutrients in the small intestine and cells.
2) Key examples are how oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse in and out of the lungs during breathing, and how water, dissolved nutrients and minerals move in and out of cells and tissues by diffusion and active transport.
3) Experiments are described to demonstrate diffusion and osmosis, such as using a semipermeable membrane in a sugar solution to show osmosis.
Characteristics and classification of living organisms igcse o level 0610tilawat khan
The slides is about lesson characteristic and classification of living organism .
Course IGCSE O level Biology 0610
By Tilawat khan microbiology
Email:tk.microbiologist@gmail.com
The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood throughout the body in two circulation loops - pulmonary circulation to the lungs and systemic circulation to the rest of the body. Blood carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products and circulates in a double circulation through arteries, veins, and capillaries where gas and nutrient exchange occurs. The circulatory system helps transport these materials, fight infections, regulate temperature and pH, and heal injuries through clotting.
IGCSE Biology - Sexual and Asexual Reproductionmrexham
This document is a PowerPoint presentation about sexual and asexual reproduction in humans. It defines sexual reproduction as involving the fusion of male and female gametes through fertilization to form a zygote. Asexual reproduction occurs through mitosis, where cells divide to form genetically identical offspring. The presentation describes the processes of meiosis in gamete formation and mitosis in embryo development. It compares the key differences between sexual and asexual reproduction.
There are two transport systems in plants - xylem and phloem. Xylem transports water and minerals from the roots throughout the plant. Phloem transports sugars and amino acids made in the leaves throughout the plant. Xylem vessels are long, hollow tubes reinforced with lignin that carry water upwards. Phloem vessels are living cells that transport sucrose and amino acids from where they are made to where they are used or stored. Transpiration is the loss of water vapor through stomata in the leaves, and can be measured using a potometer. The rate of transpiration is affected by environmental conditions like temperature, wind, humidity, and light levels.
The document discusses plant nutrition and photosynthesis. It explains that photosynthesis is the process by which plants produce their own food, using carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen. The key parts of photosynthesis including the raw materials, products, and factors that affect its rate like light, carbon dioxide and temperature. It also discusses the importance of minerals for plant growth and describes deficiencies that can occur when plants do not get enough nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium or magnesium.
Plants produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, chlorophyll in plant leaves uses carbon dioxide and water along with sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen. The glucose is used by the plant for energy, growth, and storage while oxygen is released as a byproduct. Roots take in water and minerals from the soil which are used in photosynthesis while leaves are adapted with features like being broad and flat to maximize sunlight absorption and containing chloroplasts and chlorophyll.
Plants undergo photosynthesis to produce their own food. Photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and chlorophyll. It occurs in the leaves of plants, specifically in the chloroplasts of leaf cells. The process produces glucose and oxygen and provides plants with the energy and nutrients they need to grow.
This lab report examines the effect of light conditions on the rate of photosynthesis. The experiment measured the rate of photosynthesis by timing how long it took for photosynthesis to occur in leaf disks placed in a CO2 solution under different lighting conditions. As predicted, the results showed that the rate of photosynthesis was higher for leaf disks in direct sunlight compared to those in the shade. The conclusion was that light and carbon dioxide are necessary for photosynthesis, and that more light leads to a higher photosynthetic rate.
This document discusses the process of photosynthesis. It occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria to convert solar energy into chemical energy stored as glucose or other organic compounds. Photosynthesis provides the foundation for most food webs as it produces oxygen and energy in the form of glucose, which can then be converted to ATP through cellular respiration to power biological processes in other organisms. The rate of photosynthesis is influenced by several factors like the amount of chlorophyll and light intensity.
Photosynthesis and respiration are chemical reactions that are interrelated and essential for life. Photosynthesis occurs in plants and algae and uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. The glucose is then used as fuel for cellular respiration, which takes place in all living cells and uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy to power cellular functions. These two processes are vital as they provide organisms with energy and oxygen while removing carbon dioxide from the environment.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants produce their own food, using water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight as raw materials. The byproducts are oxygen and sugars. It occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, specifically the mesophyll cells of leaves. Chlorophyll in the chloroplasts absorbs sunlight to drive the reaction that produces oxygen and sugars like glucose. Photosynthesis provides food for heterotrophs and oxygen for all organisms on Earth.
This document provides information about plant nutrition and photosynthesis. It discusses how plants obtain raw materials like carbon dioxide and water, how chloroplasts trap light energy to convert it to chemical energy through photosynthesis, and how glucose and oxygen are produced. The document outlines the processes, equations, and limiting factors of photosynthesis. It also addresses the importance of nitrate ions and magnesium ions for plant growth, and describes the uses and dangers of overusing nitrogen fertilizers, such as eutrophication of water sources.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. The rate of photosynthesis is affected by both external factors such as light, temperature, water, carbon dioxide and oxygen levels, as well as internal factors including chlorophyll content, the protoplasmic system, leaf anatomy, accumulation of end products, and chloroplast microstructure. External factors influence the availability of necessary inputs like light and carbon dioxide, while internal factors impact the plant's ability to utilize those inputs for photosynthesis. Careful control of both external and internal environmental conditions can optimize the photosynthetic rate in plants.
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Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. It occurs in chloroplasts, the organelles found in plant leaves that contain chlorophyll. Chloroplasts absorb energy from blue and red light to drive a light reaction that produces energy and oxygen, and a dark reaction that uses this energy to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. It takes place in chloroplasts through the use of chlorophyll and other pigments and involves two stages - the light dependent reaction where ATP and NADPH are produced, and the light independent reaction where carbon is fixed into glucose. Oxygen is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis, which is essential for aerobic life on Earth.
Photosynthesis and respiration are chemical reactions that are inversely related. Photosynthesis uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen through chloroplasts in plants. The glucose is stored as a carbohydrate and the oxygen released is necessary for living things. Respiration occurs in mitochondria and uses glucose and oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water. It is the process that powers cellular functions. Together, photosynthesis and respiration form a cycle that sustains life on Earth.
Photosynthesis and respiration are chemical reactions that are inversely related. Photosynthesis uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen through chloroplasts in plants. The glucose is stored as a carbohydrate or changed to starch. Respiration takes place in mitochondria and uses glucose and oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water. Both can be represented by balanced chemical equations that are the reverse of each other.
This document provides an overview of photosynthesis and includes learning objectives, presenters, and content about the topic. It explains that photosynthesis converts light energy to chemical energy, identifies the reactants and products, and notes that the sun is the original energy source for most life on Earth. It also explains that plants appear green because chlorophyll in chloroplasts absorbs all colors of light except green.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.