The document summarizes the history and development of cell theory. It discusses key figures such as Hooke, who first observed and named cells in 1665; Van Leeuwenhoek, who observed the first living cells in 1683; and Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow, who developed the three principles of cell theory - that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The document also describes the basic structures and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types.
Cell as basic unit of life ppt 88 slidesICHHA PURAK
This Power point presentation describes Cell as basic unit of life. The slides provide information about Discovery of cell,cell theory,number,size,shape and cell types .Differentiates prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types and point out major differences in plant and animal cell and also about structure and function of cell organelles
Cell as basic unit of life ppt 88 slidesICHHA PURAK
This Power point presentation describes Cell as basic unit of life. The slides provide information about Discovery of cell,cell theory,number,size,shape and cell types .Differentiates prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types and point out major differences in plant and animal cell and also about structure and function of cell organelles
The word cell is derived from the Latin word “cellula” which means “a little room”
It was the British botanist Robert Hooke who, in 1664, while examining a slice of bottle cork under a microscope, found its structure resembling the box-like living quarters of the monks in a monastery, and coined the word “cells”
Continuation of the cell structure and function. This presentation highlights the cell cycle and concentrate on how cell division occur and the steps involved in cell dividing.
2018/2019
Most relevant information about the cell, its discovery, types and various kinds of organelles and their function. it also focus on how molecules are transported across the cell membrane.
2018/2019
This presentation covers basics of cell structure and functions of different cell organelles in detail with interactive illustrations. I hope this presentation will be beneficial for instructor's as well as students.
Cell The structural and functional unit of life. A lesson for std VIII Biology AP State Cell Diversity Types of cells Microscope structure, cell organelle differences of plant and animal cells prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells cell theory, scientists worked for invention of cell
The word cell is derived from the Latin word “cellula” which means “a little room”
It was the British botanist Robert Hooke who, in 1664, while examining a slice of bottle cork under a microscope, found its structure resembling the box-like living quarters of the monks in a monastery, and coined the word “cells”
Continuation of the cell structure and function. This presentation highlights the cell cycle and concentrate on how cell division occur and the steps involved in cell dividing.
2018/2019
Most relevant information about the cell, its discovery, types and various kinds of organelles and their function. it also focus on how molecules are transported across the cell membrane.
2018/2019
This presentation covers basics of cell structure and functions of different cell organelles in detail with interactive illustrations. I hope this presentation will be beneficial for instructor's as well as students.
Cell The structural and functional unit of life. A lesson for std VIII Biology AP State Cell Diversity Types of cells Microscope structure, cell organelle differences of plant and animal cells prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells cell theory, scientists worked for invention of cell
This presentation you will get how the cell theory developed.
Robert Hooke observed cells in cork and coined the term "cells”.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek observed first living cells under the simple microscope.
Matthias Schleiden (1838) German lawyer turned botanist, concluded that, despite differences in the structure of various tissues, plants were made of cells and that the plant embryo arose from a single cell.
In 1839, Theodor Schwann, a German zoologist and colleague of Schleiden’s, published a comprehensive report on the cellular basis of animal life. Schwann concluded that the cells of plants and animals are similar structures.
By 1855, Rudolf Virchow, a German pathologist concluded that
“Omnis cellula e cellula”- new cells are formed only from pre-existing cells.
All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2) The cell is the structural unit of life.
3) Cells can arise only by division from a pre-existing cell
In biology, cell theory is a scientific theory first formulated in the mid-nineteenth century, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Cell Biology and genetics paper - Mutation a basic touch to b.sc students with examples. DNA, genome, gene level mutation and chromosome level with examples. Touched some of the mutation types.
Dept. of Biotechnology, University College of Science, Tumkur Tumkur University, Tumakuru, Dr. Krishna presented department profile to NAAC peer team on 28/11/2018
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
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Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
1. I B.Sc Biotechnology
The History of Cells and Cell
Theory
By
Dr. Krishna
Assistant Professor In Biotechnology
Tumkur University, Tumkur
2. CELLS
• Cells are the basic units of
structure and function in
living things.
• Just like bricks are the
building blocks of a house
or school, cells are the
building blocks of life.
• Because you are alive, you
are made up of cells.
One square centimeter of your skin’s surface contains over 100,000 cells
3. HISTORY OF THE CELL
● Around the year 1590, two Dutch lens makers by the name of
Hans and Zacharias Janssen invented the first compound
microscope when they put two of their lenses together in a tube.
● In 1665, an English scientist, Robert Hooke discovered and
came up with the name “cells” while looking through a
microscope at a piece of cork.
● Supposedly, the cork (which was made of dead oak tree tissues)
reminded him of the small rooms that the monks lived in at the
monasteries.
4. HISTORY OF THE CELL
● Zacharias Jansen ● Robert Hooke
● Hooke's cells
5. HISTORY OF THE CELL
● Not long after Hooke (around 1683), a Dutch
amateur scientist by the name of Anton Van
Leeuwenhoek observed some of the first living
cells under a simple (1 lens) microscope.
● He named these small organisms “animalcules”.
● It is now believed that some of the living cells he
saw were actually protozoa.
6. MICROSCOPE VIEW OF CELLS
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
– first to see living
cells.
• improved design, and
was
able to view red blood
cells
and bacteria.
Called them
"animalicules"
7. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CELL
THEORY
● In 1838 and 1839, a German botanist by the name of
Matthias Schleiden and German zoologist by the
name of Theodore Schwann viewed plants and
animals under a microscope and discovered that plants
and animals are both made of cells.
● In 1855 a Prussian (modern day German) physician by
the name of Rudolph Virchow collaborated his ideas
with the other two scientists and they developed the
Cell Theory.
8. SCIENTISTS OF CELL THEORY
• Theodore Schwann – zoologist who observed that the tissues
of animals had cells (1839)
9. SCIENTISTS OF CELL THEORY
• Mattias Schleiden – botanist who observed that the tissues of
plants had cells (1845)
10. SCIENTISTS OF CELL THEORY
• Rudolf Virchow – reported that every living thing is made up
of cells, and that these cells must come from other cells.
In 1855, a German doctor, Rudolf Verchow (FURkoh)
proposed that new cells are formed only from existing
cells.
“All cells come from cells” wrote Virchow.
The observations and conclusions of Hooke,
Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow, and others
led to the development of the cell theory.
11. CELL THEORY
● The ideas of these three men led to the creation of
the cell theory. These are the three main principles
of cell theory.
● 1. All living organisms are made up of cells.
● 2. Cells are the most basic unit of life.
● 3. Cells only come from the division of pre-existing
cells. In other words, spontaneous generation of cells
does not occur.
12. TERMS
►Cell – the smallest unit that can
carry on the processes of life.
►Unicellular – consists of only one
cell
►Multicellular – consists of more
than one cell
13. BASIC CELL STRUCTURES
• Cell Membrane – outer
boundary
• Nucleus – control center
• Cytoplasm – stuff between
membrane & nucleus
14. MICROSCOPE TECHNOLOGY
● The discovery of cells would not have
been possible without the invention of
the microscope.
● Compound light microscopes use
glass lenses just like the early
microscopes Robert Hooke used.
● Modern compound light
microscopes use electricity, a source
of light, and can magnify images up
to 1000x w/out blurring.
15. MODERN MICROSCOPES
● Modern microscopes like
the transmission electron
microscope (TEM) and
the scanning electron
microscope (SEM) can
magnify specimens up to
500,000x.
● One disadvantage to using
these microscopes is that
the specimens must be
dead.
16. BASIC TYPES OF CELLS
● Cells come in a variety of
shapes and sizes, but all
cells share some basic
characteristics.
● One thing that all cells
have in common is a
plasma (cell) membrane.
● The cell membrane is a
boundary which allows
things into and out of the
cell.
17. DIFFERENCES IN CELL TYPES
● All cells fall into one of two categories.
● Eukaryotes – Cells with a membrane-bound nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles.
● Prokaryotes – Cells without a membrane-bound nucleus
and membrane-bound organelles.
● A nucleus is the central organelle of a cell that contains the
genetic material (DNA).
● Organelles are like organs for the cell. They are special
structures that perform vital functions necessary to the cell.
18. PROKARYOTIC CELLS
● Prokaryotic cell – Unicellular organisms like
bacteria. Notice the DNA is not found in a nucleus
and organelles are absent (except ribosomes).
19. EUKARYOTIC CELLS
● Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound
nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Animals, plants, protists (like paramecium and
amoeba), and fungi are all eukaryotic organisms.