Pakeeza Shah submitted a technical writing on plagiarism that defines plagiarism and discusses its forms and factors. Plagiarism is presenting another's work as one's own without proper citation or credit. There are many forms of plagiarism, including verbatim copying, paraphrasing without citation, recycling one's own work, ghostwriting, and purloining another's work without permission. Factors that can contribute to plagiarism include ease of online access to information, inability to be creative, lack of understanding of citation practices, poor time management, competitiveness, financial pressures, laziness, temptation of opportunity, and lack of deterrence against getting caught. The document emphasizes providing guidance to students and enforcing

1. Submitted By
Pakeeza Shah
BS Hons. Information Technology
Semester 7th
Subject
Technical writing and Business Communication
Topic
“Plagiarism and factors of Plagiarism”

2. S.No Topic Page No.
1. Plagiarism 3
1.1 Definition of Plagiarism 3
1.2 Forms of Plagiarism 3
1.3 Factors of Plagiarism 4
*. Conclusion 6
*. References 7

3. Plagiarism
Plagiarism is defined as any type of cheating, theft or piration of someone else’s work and
presenting the whole work as one’s own work. It is an unethical stealing of others original work,
ideas, data published or unpublished. It is copying of someone’s data without giving proper
credit to them .If others data is copied with proper acknowledgement so that it is clearly defined
that whose ideas are taken, then it is not plagiarism. Plagiarism is increasing day by day specially
in Academic life because in today’s world everyone wants high score than the other competitors
without struggling hard. Plagiarism is a crime so all should avoid it.
 Forms of Plagiarism
There are many forms of plagiarism. Following are some important forms of plagiarism which
commonly occurs.
1. Verbatim
Verbatim is defined as word to word copy of someone other’s sayings or quotations without
proper citations and acknowledgement. Quotations must be written in double quotes and the
reference of the speaker must be clearly acknowledged either with inner citation or references
at the end. Citations tell the readers about one’s own work and the work copied from other
sources.
2. Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing is also copy of others data by just modifying some words or the sequence of ideas.
It is considered as plagiarism because one uses its own words but the concept behind is other’s
work. If we are writing an essay about a personality, we copy it from the internet or any source,
modify a few words , interchange the place and sequence of sentences and write it up, this is
paraphrasing.
3. Recycling
Recycling is the type of plagiarism in which one submits the same data for more than one time.
For example, a student may submit his same assignment to many teachers. It is copying of one’s
own data but many times.
4. Ghost Writing
In Ghost writing plagiarism, data written by a third party, is bought and presented as one’s own.
Like, if a student wants to submit Final year project, he/she may hire a professional and ask him
to build a project, he/she then submits that project as his/her own working.
5. Purloining
Purloining is copying other’s written data, without his knowledge and acknowledgement. This
may be considered as if a student placed his/her assignment in his/her class , the other student
takes his assignment and copy it completely without telling him. This is plagiarism because the
other student did not allow him to copy data .

4.  Factors of Plagiarism
Following are some factors of Plagiarism
1. Ease of Access
In general, Students or any others person is involved in plagiarism due to ease of access,
which means that data is easily accessible so one may use this data instead of self-striving for
knowledge and self-writing. For example, if a student wants to write an essay on topic “Impact
of Nuclear Physics in society”, he/she may prefer to copy it instead of searching for it.
2. Inability of Creativity
Students plagiarize in academic work because they lack the ability of self-writing and creativity.
They may lack the ability to express their ideas properly and may have a less vocabulary. For
example, if a student cannot write a manual properly in a standard format, he may download it
from the internet, make some changes in it and then submit the work without using references.
3. Privacy policy
A major factor of Plagiarism is low or poor privacy policy. Students and many teachers too are
unaware of the plagiarism privacy policy. They do not know about proper citations and
reference methods which lead to plagiarism.
4. Lack of Time Management
Students do not manage their time properly, hence they do not have enough time to search for
data and write in own words. So, they find it easy to copy paste data from internet or any other
sources.
5. Competitiveness
In this world of emerging technology, there is a great competition among students in achieving
highest marks. Students strive to gain high score by searching more and more data and then
merge it as their own in order to show their creative skills. They also plagiarize, if the other one
got high marks in his work.
6. Financial pressure
A student who works along with studies may have a little time to study and cannot give more
time to self-writing. If he is asked to do creative things, he may find it easy to copy the work
material from the internet.
7. Lack of knowledge
Usually people don’t have proper knowledge of citations. It may be avoided if we have
complete knowledge about writes research paper and articles, and how to use citation that we
had taken from other publishers or authors.
8. The Force of Nature
In this factor people blame their external factors such as pressure of boss to make an urgent
work in this way they steal other people materials and they become plagiarized.

5. 9. The Big Escape
Usually people copy and paste from the internet they think that they steals the others
publisher’s data and they don’t detected but they have enough knowledge that today technology
is very fast. They don’t have knowledge about that internet also provide a software to check
plagiarism.
10. Outside source
Today most of the humans much depends on technology that is why today world is called
technology world. Mostly people don’t have enough time to write their own words so they
prefer outside sources rather than own sources.
11. Laziness and carelessness
Sometimes teachers promotes plagiarism among the students because they don’t aware the
knowledge of plagiarism. When teacher gave such assignments or research articles to the
students usually show the attitude like laziness and carelessness.
12. Developing an understanding:
Developing an understanding of the reasons of plagiarism can give academics and school
administrators helpful direction as to how it may be compact .Understandably, fetching in
plagiarism improve their performance is a means that some students may use to manage the
pressures they feel to accomplish good grades. Thus, there are reasons to believe that the grades
students achieve, and self-inflicted and other-imposed pressure to attain grades, may be
positively related to plagiarism.
13. Genuine lack of understanding
Some students plagiarize involuntarily, when they are not acquainted with proper methods of
citing, paraphrasing, citing and referencing and/or when they are unclear about the meaning of
‘common knowledge’ and the expression ‘in their own words’
14. Defiance
To some students plagiarism is a palpable way of showing opposition and uttering a lack of
respect for authority. They may also regard the task set as neither important nor challenging.
15. Lack of deterrence

6. To some students the benefits of copying outweigh the risks, mostly if they think there is little or
no chance of getting caught and there is little or no penalty if they are caught.
16. Temptation and opportunity
It is both easier and more tempting for students to plagiarize as information becomes more
accessible on the Internet and web search tools make it easier and quicker to find and copy.
17. Denial or neutralization
Some students deny to themselves that they are cheating or find ways of legitimizing it by
passing the fault on to others
18. Personalvalues/attitudes
Some students see no reason why they should not pirate or do it because of social pressure,
because it makes them feel good or because they honor short cuts as clever and acceptable.
Conclusion
It is very important to give proper guidance and awareness to students about plagiarism. In this
way, they may be able to self-write, more creative and leave shortcuts to achieve their goals. Not
only in students, but also in every field where plagiarism is happening, it is important to strictly
apply the privacy policy so the original work’s credit always goes to its owner.

7. References
 Plagiarism: Concepts, factors and solutions by Bahaduri M, Izadi M and
Houseinpurford
 https://www.plagiarismtoday.com/2011/11/17/7-factors-that-affect-
infringement
 www.bowdoin.com/thecommontypesofplagiarism
 www.duplichecker.blog/Plagiarism Essay _ DupliChecker Blog.html
 https://www.plagiarismtoday.com/2011/11/17/7-factors-that-affect-
infringement/
 http://blog.plagiarisma.net/2011/top-reasons-why-plagiarism-occurs/
 http://www.ithenticate.com/plagiarism-detection-blog/bid/52928/5-Common-
Excuses-for-Plagiarism#.Vh4T7cB97IV