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Planning and  Managing the Digitization of Library and Archives Materials A Multi-model  Approach Facilitators: Kim Abrams Pat Graham John Weaver
Objectives This workshop will enable you to Identify different models and methods for digitizing library and archival materials Identify the relative advantages and disadvantages of these models Define and evaluate a potential digitization project at your library • 	Identify key considerations in planning and funding a digitization project Identify and develop management and production processes for different types of digitization projects. Discover additional, relevant resources for planning and managing digitization projects
Topics I. Overview of Projects at Pitts II. Strategic Decision Making III. Guidelines and Applications
Part 1: Overview of Digital Projects at Pitts Theology Library
1.1. The Digital Image Archive Overview:
http://www.pitts.emory.edu/dia/woodcuts.htm
1.2. DigiBooks: Scans of Embrittled, pre-1923 Circulating Collection Overview:
1.3. SCILLA(SPECIAL Collections ILL Access) Overview:
1.4. KIRTAS Mass Digitization Project @ Emory Overview:
Kirtas Technologies Inc.    To increase accessibility to aging materials, and ensure their preservation, Emory purchased a Kirtas robotic book scanner, which can digitize as many as 50 books per day, transforming the pages from each volume into an Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) file.
Volumes Scanned in FY 2008
Amazon BookSurge BookSurge is an Amazon Group and is a leader in Print on Demand services BookSurge is a partner with Kirtas to make rare books available through different venues
Reflections for Discussion: These examples are illustrative of digital collections at Pitts, see also: Thomas Merton Red Diary 		http://beck.library.emory.edu/merton/index Thanksgiving Day Sermons http://www.library.emory.edu/uhtbin/KW/Joint%20CDRI%20project These projects illustrate both good practices, and not-so-good practices.   These examples invite comparison to past/current digitization projects at your library.
Part 2: Strategic Decision Making
2.1. Selecting Materials for Digitization Decision Making: “Collections Principle 1: A good digital collection is created according to an explicit collection development policy that has been agreed upon and documented before building the collection begins.” 	-- NISO, A Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections, 	(2007). http://framework.niso.org/node/9.
NISO/IMLS Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections  9 Collection Principles
What should we digitize? And why? http://www.flickr.com/photos/87581328@N00/115858002/
Criteria for Selection  Rebecca L. Mugridge, Managing Digitization Activities. ARL Spec Kit 294. (Washington D.C.: ARL, 2006), 48.
Rebecca L. Mugridge, Managing Digitization Activities. ARL Spec Kit 294. (Washington D.C.: ARL, 2006), 48.
Library of Congress Selection Criteria http://www.loc.gov/preserv/prd/presdig/presselection.html Harvard Decision Making Matrix http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/hazen/matrix.html
Workshop Exercise: Describe at least one potential digitization project in your library and score it/them (see handout: “Scorecard for ranking”)
NISO/IMLS Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections  9 Collection Principles
2.2. Example: Selecting Materials for Kirtas
Content Requirements Directly supports faculty and student teaching and research Provides materials for funded library or faculty digital projects and programs Adds to Emory collections through acquisition of digital copies of materials held by other repositories Creates preservation copies of significant works that would be damaged through continued research use
Copyright Requirements All works must be in the public domain which includes: Works published in the U.S. before 1923 Works published in countries other than the U.S. before 1909 U.S. government documents not containing materials otherwise under copyright The  proposal will also be reviewed if Emory owns the copyright, or has obtained the appropriate licenses.
Size Qualifications For the Kirtas machine all items must pass the following physical qualifications Page Dimension: 4.5” x 7”-11”-14” Paper Thickness: 13 lbs.-80 lbs.  Binding Thickness: Up to 4”
Condition Assessment Items may be deselected for the following condition reasons: Brittle More than a few pages are falling-out Pages are uncut Cover is detached from the text block Binding is mutilated Binding is oversewn
Part 3: Digitizing Collections
3.1. Project Planning and Funding Digitizing Collections
What was the source of the funds for digitization activities?  Source: Rebecca L. Mugridge, Managing Digitization Activities. ARL Spec Kit 294. (Washington D.C.: ARL, 2006), 40.  Cf. Primary Research Group. International Survey of Library & Museum Digitization Projects. New York: Primary Research Group, 2008.  
If there is a dedicated budget, please estimate the % allocated to each: Rebecca L. Mugridge, Managing Digitization Activities. ARL Spec Kit 294. (Washington D.C.: ARL, 2006), 41-42.
Recent Grants for Digitization at Pitts ATLA/Luce Foundation http://www.atla.com/cdri_ob/ The E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Foundation http://erlbcarpenterfoundation.org/ Thrivent Financial for Lutherans https://www.thrivent.com/
Resources for Funding Digitization OCLC, Grants Writing and Funding Resources. 	http://www.oclc.org/digitalpreservation/resources/default.htm California Digital Library, Sources for Funding Digitization Projects http://www.cdlib.org/inside/diglib/resources/onres_dig_funding.html
3.2. Managing a Digitization Project Digitizing Collections
Managing  A Digitization Project Project Planning Managing the Digitization Process Equipment Images: Technical Details Formats and Technology Standards Quality Assurance and Quality Control Metadata Preservation of Digital Assets
NISO/IMLS Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections  9 Collection Principles
3.3. The Digital Image Archive Practices:
Project Planning
Managing the Digitization Process Staffing and human resources Project management Selection, evaluation, preparation of originals Digitization activities Technical support Post-digitization activities (e.g., evaluation, delivery, and marketing) Long term management of digital resources
Organizational Chart for Pitts Theology Library Dean of Candler School of Theology Director of Pitts Theology Library Head of Public Services  & Reference Librarian Curator of Archives & Manuscripts Head of Cataloging Senior Desktop Consultant Reference Librarian Catalog Librarian Periodicals & Reference Librarian Financial Manager Circulation Specialist Web Development Specialist Special Collections  Reference Assistant Catalog Librarian Interlibrary Loan Specialist Department Computing Specialist Acquisitions Assistant Cataloging Assistant Pubic Services Assistant Scanning Technician Reserves & Circulation Specialist Library Volunteers Circulation Students Archives Student Assistant Cataloging Students  MLIS Interns  Director’s Student
Monitoring
Monitoring
Reporting
Equipment Epson Perfection V700 Photo Scanner ($500-700) ,[object Object],PowerMac G5 ,[object Object]
2 GB RAM
250 GB  Hardrive
$2400Epson Expression 1640XL ,[object Object]
 Large-format scanning capability
ColorTrue II Imaging System and 42-bit color depth ; ~$2,500,[object Object],[object Object]
Images: Technical Details Especially helpful resources for recommended file formats and image specifications.  MinervaEC, Technical Guidelines for Digital Content Creation Programmes. Version 2.0 (2008) http://www.minervaeurope.org/publications/MINERVA%20TG%202.0.pdf Technical Guidelines for Digitizing Archival Materials for Electronic: Creation of Production Master Files--Raster Images. Washington, D.C: Digital Library Federation, 2005.   Standards for DIA: TIFF images scanned at 1200 dots per inch (dpi) for 8-bit greyscale images and 600 dpi for 24-bit color.
Metadata “In order to facilitate potential exchange and interoperability between services, projects should be able to provide item level descriptions in the form of simple, unqualified Dublin Core metadata records.” Source: MinervaEC, Technical Guidelines for Digital Content Creation Programmes. Version 2.0 (2008) http://www.minervaeurope.org/publications/MINERVA%20TG%202.0.pdf
15 Elements of the Dublin Core Contributor Coverage Creator Date Description Format Identifier Language Publisher Relation Rights Source Subject Title Type Source: http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/ Cf: http://dublincore.org/documents/usageguide/
Metadata Input Fields for DIA
DIA Microsoft SQL Database
DIA Storage on Servers Images are scanned into .TIFF format then compressed to .ZIP and store on the server, 3.9 terabytes of storage.  We used .ZIP because it is a loss-less data compression data algorithm that allows the exact original data to be reconstructed from the compressed data. Our data are stored on a hot-swappable RAID-5 disk array (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks). We also back the compressed files/folders to an off-site storage. We purchased the network storage through Emory’s Network Attached Storage team.  Server:  Apple X-server 10.5  Runs on two 80 GB hard drive and set up as RAID-1 Disk Array:  Apple X-RAID Controller-1 has 7 hard drives (1.8 terabytes)--RAID-5 Controller-2 has 3 hard drives (2.1 terabytes) --RAID-5
Marketing the Digital Image Archive Determine the primary audience Production departments for publishers of religious and theological publications, especially Lutheran Editors of Lutheran serials Academics with a focus on the reformation and/or the art of the period Create a press kit to inform the primary audience about the collection
 3.4. Kirtas Practices
Pre-Digitization Technical Services Workflow Generate a pull list based on selection criteria Stacks Team pulls circa 50-100 titles/week Technical Services staff compares books pulled against bibliographic records and updates, if necessary, the date, place of publication, language and language. Technical Services staff verifies that a book falls under public domain, putting aside questions for IP Rights staff Technical Services enters the appropriate bibliographic fields
Creating a Pull List From an ILS Technical Services generates a pull list based on selection criteria Run an Excel compatible report through your library’s integrated library system
Updating Metadata Technical Services staff compares books pulled against bibliographic records and updates, if necessary, the date, place of publication, and language. If upon examination the work does not meet IP regulations then it is deselected at this stage. The fixed fields are important because post-digitization they are elements necessary for automated public domain validation.
MARC Record Updates The following fields will be updated in the MARC record, if appropriate: Fixed field for date of publication Fixed field for place of publication Fixed field for language 041 for language code 260 for place and date of publication 590 for public note:  The online edition of this book in the public domain, i.e., not protected by copyright, has been produced by the Emory University Digital Library Publications Program.
583 Field If book is digitized: 583 1# $a digitized $c 2007 $2 pda $5 GEU $x public domain If book is not digitized: 583 1# $a will not digitize $c 2007 $l in copyright $2 pda$5 GEU  583 1# $a will not digitize $c 2007 $l mutilated $2 pda$5 GEU 583 1# $a will not digitize $c 2007 $l brittle $2 pda$5 GEU   583 1# $a will not digitize $c 2007 $l oversize for APT BookScan $2 pda$5 GEU  583 1# $a will not digitize $c 2007 $l lacking data for pd decision $2 pda$5 GEU
Item Tracking Planning Process Determine what are the most important elements to track progress and keep data organized Choose the appropriate program to track information such as Excel Adopt ideas from other tracking systems, such as the Kirtas tracking software
Tracking Procedure
Individual Book Tracking Page
Rights Validation Validation check of public domain status will be completed during ingest. Year of publication (from fixed field) Place of publication (from fixed field) Year scanned (from 583 $c) Copyright status (from 583 $x) The automated rights check is the reason why the bibliographic fields are updated prior to digitization.
Access Emory decided to allow for open access for all materials Pitts has decided that images in the DIA are freely available for non-commercial purposes What are the advantages and disadvantages of providing open access for materials that are costly to the library?
3.5. SCILLA(SPECIAL Collections ILL Access) Practices:
Workflow
Equipment Fujitsu fi-4220C2 Scanner ,[object Object]
600-dpi optical resolution,[object Object]
3.6. DigiBooks Practices
Equipment Canon  DR-5080C  Drum Scanner
Summary Digital initiatives at Pitts are focused on Special Collections and out-of-copyright materials Focused on images of text and illustration (not text encoding) Maximize use of student assistants, library volunteers, and grant funded staff, distributing other responsibilities across regular staff.

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Pitts Library Digitization Initiatives

  • 1. Planning and Managing the Digitization of Library and Archives Materials A Multi-model Approach Facilitators: Kim Abrams Pat Graham John Weaver
  • 2. Objectives This workshop will enable you to Identify different models and methods for digitizing library and archival materials Identify the relative advantages and disadvantages of these models Define and evaluate a potential digitization project at your library • Identify key considerations in planning and funding a digitization project Identify and develop management and production processes for different types of digitization projects. Discover additional, relevant resources for planning and managing digitization projects
  • 3. Topics I. Overview of Projects at Pitts II. Strategic Decision Making III. Guidelines and Applications
  • 4. Part 1: Overview of Digital Projects at Pitts Theology Library
  • 5. 1.1. The Digital Image Archive Overview:
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. 1.2. DigiBooks: Scans of Embrittled, pre-1923 Circulating Collection Overview:
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12. 1.3. SCILLA(SPECIAL Collections ILL Access) Overview:
  • 13.
  • 14. 1.4. KIRTAS Mass Digitization Project @ Emory Overview:
  • 15. Kirtas Technologies Inc. To increase accessibility to aging materials, and ensure their preservation, Emory purchased a Kirtas robotic book scanner, which can digitize as many as 50 books per day, transforming the pages from each volume into an Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) file.
  • 16.
  • 18.
  • 19. Amazon BookSurge BookSurge is an Amazon Group and is a leader in Print on Demand services BookSurge is a partner with Kirtas to make rare books available through different venues
  • 20.
  • 21. Reflections for Discussion: These examples are illustrative of digital collections at Pitts, see also: Thomas Merton Red Diary http://beck.library.emory.edu/merton/index Thanksgiving Day Sermons http://www.library.emory.edu/uhtbin/KW/Joint%20CDRI%20project These projects illustrate both good practices, and not-so-good practices. These examples invite comparison to past/current digitization projects at your library.
  • 22. Part 2: Strategic Decision Making
  • 23. 2.1. Selecting Materials for Digitization Decision Making: “Collections Principle 1: A good digital collection is created according to an explicit collection development policy that has been agreed upon and documented before building the collection begins.” -- NISO, A Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections, (2007). http://framework.niso.org/node/9.
  • 24. NISO/IMLS Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections 9 Collection Principles
  • 25. What should we digitize? And why? http://www.flickr.com/photos/87581328@N00/115858002/
  • 26. Criteria for Selection Rebecca L. Mugridge, Managing Digitization Activities. ARL Spec Kit 294. (Washington D.C.: ARL, 2006), 48.
  • 27. Rebecca L. Mugridge, Managing Digitization Activities. ARL Spec Kit 294. (Washington D.C.: ARL, 2006), 48.
  • 28. Library of Congress Selection Criteria http://www.loc.gov/preserv/prd/presdig/presselection.html Harvard Decision Making Matrix http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/hazen/matrix.html
  • 29. Workshop Exercise: Describe at least one potential digitization project in your library and score it/them (see handout: “Scorecard for ranking”)
  • 30. NISO/IMLS Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections 9 Collection Principles
  • 31. 2.2. Example: Selecting Materials for Kirtas
  • 32. Content Requirements Directly supports faculty and student teaching and research Provides materials for funded library or faculty digital projects and programs Adds to Emory collections through acquisition of digital copies of materials held by other repositories Creates preservation copies of significant works that would be damaged through continued research use
  • 33. Copyright Requirements All works must be in the public domain which includes: Works published in the U.S. before 1923 Works published in countries other than the U.S. before 1909 U.S. government documents not containing materials otherwise under copyright The proposal will also be reviewed if Emory owns the copyright, or has obtained the appropriate licenses.
  • 34. Size Qualifications For the Kirtas machine all items must pass the following physical qualifications Page Dimension: 4.5” x 7”-11”-14” Paper Thickness: 13 lbs.-80 lbs. Binding Thickness: Up to 4”
  • 35. Condition Assessment Items may be deselected for the following condition reasons: Brittle More than a few pages are falling-out Pages are uncut Cover is detached from the text block Binding is mutilated Binding is oversewn
  • 36. Part 3: Digitizing Collections
  • 37. 3.1. Project Planning and Funding Digitizing Collections
  • 38. What was the source of the funds for digitization activities? Source: Rebecca L. Mugridge, Managing Digitization Activities. ARL Spec Kit 294. (Washington D.C.: ARL, 2006), 40. Cf. Primary Research Group. International Survey of Library & Museum Digitization Projects. New York: Primary Research Group, 2008.  
  • 39. If there is a dedicated budget, please estimate the % allocated to each: Rebecca L. Mugridge, Managing Digitization Activities. ARL Spec Kit 294. (Washington D.C.: ARL, 2006), 41-42.
  • 40. Recent Grants for Digitization at Pitts ATLA/Luce Foundation http://www.atla.com/cdri_ob/ The E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Foundation http://erlbcarpenterfoundation.org/ Thrivent Financial for Lutherans https://www.thrivent.com/
  • 41. Resources for Funding Digitization OCLC, Grants Writing and Funding Resources. http://www.oclc.org/digitalpreservation/resources/default.htm California Digital Library, Sources for Funding Digitization Projects http://www.cdlib.org/inside/diglib/resources/onres_dig_funding.html
  • 42. 3.2. Managing a Digitization Project Digitizing Collections
  • 43. Managing A Digitization Project Project Planning Managing the Digitization Process Equipment Images: Technical Details Formats and Technology Standards Quality Assurance and Quality Control Metadata Preservation of Digital Assets
  • 44. NISO/IMLS Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections 9 Collection Principles
  • 45. 3.3. The Digital Image Archive Practices:
  • 47. Managing the Digitization Process Staffing and human resources Project management Selection, evaluation, preparation of originals Digitization activities Technical support Post-digitization activities (e.g., evaluation, delivery, and marketing) Long term management of digital resources
  • 48. Organizational Chart for Pitts Theology Library Dean of Candler School of Theology Director of Pitts Theology Library Head of Public Services & Reference Librarian Curator of Archives & Manuscripts Head of Cataloging Senior Desktop Consultant Reference Librarian Catalog Librarian Periodicals & Reference Librarian Financial Manager Circulation Specialist Web Development Specialist Special Collections Reference Assistant Catalog Librarian Interlibrary Loan Specialist Department Computing Specialist Acquisitions Assistant Cataloging Assistant Pubic Services Assistant Scanning Technician Reserves & Circulation Specialist Library Volunteers Circulation Students Archives Student Assistant Cataloging Students MLIS Interns Director’s Student
  • 49.
  • 53.
  • 55. 250 GB Hardrive
  • 56.
  • 58.
  • 59. Images: Technical Details Especially helpful resources for recommended file formats and image specifications. MinervaEC, Technical Guidelines for Digital Content Creation Programmes. Version 2.0 (2008) http://www.minervaeurope.org/publications/MINERVA%20TG%202.0.pdf Technical Guidelines for Digitizing Archival Materials for Electronic: Creation of Production Master Files--Raster Images. Washington, D.C: Digital Library Federation, 2005.   Standards for DIA: TIFF images scanned at 1200 dots per inch (dpi) for 8-bit greyscale images and 600 dpi for 24-bit color.
  • 60. Metadata “In order to facilitate potential exchange and interoperability between services, projects should be able to provide item level descriptions in the form of simple, unqualified Dublin Core metadata records.” Source: MinervaEC, Technical Guidelines for Digital Content Creation Programmes. Version 2.0 (2008) http://www.minervaeurope.org/publications/MINERVA%20TG%202.0.pdf
  • 61. 15 Elements of the Dublin Core Contributor Coverage Creator Date Description Format Identifier Language Publisher Relation Rights Source Subject Title Type Source: http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/ Cf: http://dublincore.org/documents/usageguide/
  • 63. DIA Microsoft SQL Database
  • 64. DIA Storage on Servers Images are scanned into .TIFF format then compressed to .ZIP and store on the server, 3.9 terabytes of storage.  We used .ZIP because it is a loss-less data compression data algorithm that allows the exact original data to be reconstructed from the compressed data. Our data are stored on a hot-swappable RAID-5 disk array (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks). We also back the compressed files/folders to an off-site storage. We purchased the network storage through Emory’s Network Attached Storage team. Server: Apple X-server 10.5 Runs on two 80 GB hard drive and set up as RAID-1 Disk Array: Apple X-RAID Controller-1 has 7 hard drives (1.8 terabytes)--RAID-5 Controller-2 has 3 hard drives (2.1 terabytes) --RAID-5
  • 65. Marketing the Digital Image Archive Determine the primary audience Production departments for publishers of religious and theological publications, especially Lutheran Editors of Lutheran serials Academics with a focus on the reformation and/or the art of the period Create a press kit to inform the primary audience about the collection
  • 66.
  • 67.
  • 68.
  • 69.
  • 70. 3.4. Kirtas Practices
  • 71. Pre-Digitization Technical Services Workflow Generate a pull list based on selection criteria Stacks Team pulls circa 50-100 titles/week Technical Services staff compares books pulled against bibliographic records and updates, if necessary, the date, place of publication, language and language. Technical Services staff verifies that a book falls under public domain, putting aside questions for IP Rights staff Technical Services enters the appropriate bibliographic fields
  • 72. Creating a Pull List From an ILS Technical Services generates a pull list based on selection criteria Run an Excel compatible report through your library’s integrated library system
  • 73.
  • 74.
  • 75. Updating Metadata Technical Services staff compares books pulled against bibliographic records and updates, if necessary, the date, place of publication, and language. If upon examination the work does not meet IP regulations then it is deselected at this stage. The fixed fields are important because post-digitization they are elements necessary for automated public domain validation.
  • 76. MARC Record Updates The following fields will be updated in the MARC record, if appropriate: Fixed field for date of publication Fixed field for place of publication Fixed field for language 041 for language code 260 for place and date of publication 590 for public note: The online edition of this book in the public domain, i.e., not protected by copyright, has been produced by the Emory University Digital Library Publications Program.
  • 77. 583 Field If book is digitized: 583 1# $a digitized $c 2007 $2 pda $5 GEU $x public domain If book is not digitized: 583 1# $a will not digitize $c 2007 $l in copyright $2 pda$5 GEU 583 1# $a will not digitize $c 2007 $l mutilated $2 pda$5 GEU 583 1# $a will not digitize $c 2007 $l brittle $2 pda$5 GEU 583 1# $a will not digitize $c 2007 $l oversize for APT BookScan $2 pda$5 GEU 583 1# $a will not digitize $c 2007 $l lacking data for pd decision $2 pda$5 GEU
  • 78.
  • 79. Item Tracking Planning Process Determine what are the most important elements to track progress and keep data organized Choose the appropriate program to track information such as Excel Adopt ideas from other tracking systems, such as the Kirtas tracking software
  • 82. Rights Validation Validation check of public domain status will be completed during ingest. Year of publication (from fixed field) Place of publication (from fixed field) Year scanned (from 583 $c) Copyright status (from 583 $x) The automated rights check is the reason why the bibliographic fields are updated prior to digitization.
  • 83. Access Emory decided to allow for open access for all materials Pitts has decided that images in the DIA are freely available for non-commercial purposes What are the advantages and disadvantages of providing open access for materials that are costly to the library?
  • 84. 3.5. SCILLA(SPECIAL Collections ILL Access) Practices:
  • 85.
  • 87.
  • 88.
  • 89.
  • 90.
  • 91.
  • 92.
  • 94. Equipment Canon DR-5080C Drum Scanner
  • 95. Summary Digital initiatives at Pitts are focused on Special Collections and out-of-copyright materials Focused on images of text and illustration (not text encoding) Maximize use of student assistants, library volunteers, and grant funded staff, distributing other responsibilities across regular staff.
  • 96. Question: What other important principles and considerations should inform/reform the digitization practices at Pitts Library and/or your library?
  • 97. Let’s talk now and later! Pat Graham libmpg@emory.edu Kim Abrams kabram@emory.edu John Weaver weaverjohnb@gmail.com Marcus Taylor (Web-developer) marcus.taylor@emory.edu

Editor's Notes

  1. In preparing for digitization, projects must develop a good knowledge of the collections to be digitized and the uses to be made of the digital resources created. Projects should be aware of large-scale digitization initiatives and methods for cost reduction such as outsourcing, automating digitization and metadata creation, streamlining workflow, continuous improvement and quality assurance. Projects should be aware of the NISO/IMLS Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections <http://www.niso.org/publications/rp/framework3.pdf> Available 2008-09-01.(http://www.minervaeurope.org/publications/MINERVA%20TG%202.0.pdf), page 23