To study for a science quiz, it is important to understand different types of science questions like knowledge, comprehension, analysis and synthesis. Key concepts to review include physical and chemical changes, states of matter, phase changes, and temperature-time graphs. Physical changes like boiling, melting, freezing and evaporation involve a change of state without a new substance forming. A pressure cooker allows food to cook faster by trapping steam and raising the boiling point of water inside.

1. SCIENCE REVIEW
TEST READINESS

2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND
CHANGES

3. COMMON PROPERTIES OF
MATTER
 All matter has
- Mass
- Weight
- Volume (takes up space)
- Shape

4. PROPERTIES OF MATTER
 Brittleness - the property of matter that is how easily the
substance breaks or shatters when force is applied to it.
 Elasticity - the ability of a substance to be stretched and then to
return to its original shape.
 Hardness - property of matter that determines how easily the
substance can be scratched.

5. PROPERTIES OF METALS
 Ductility - property of a metal in which it can be stretched
without breaking.
 Malleability - the property of a metal that allows it to be
hammered, rolled, pressed or forged.
 Conductivity – property of a metal that allows it to
conduct electricity
 Magnetism – the property of a metal in which it is
attracted to a magnet

6. How do I study for a Science quiz?

7. Types of Science Questions
KNOWLEDGE What is the freezing point of water?
COMPREHENSION Explain the difference between physical
and chemical change?
ANALYSIS Which is a physical change and why?
Sugar dissolved in water
Burning paper turning into ash
SYNTHESIS In cold countries salt is strewn on icy
roads. Explain the scientific reasoning
behind this.

8. Key words: Physical Change
 Boiling point
 Melting point
 Sublimation
 Deposition
 Solidification or Freezing
 Evaporation
 Filtration (separation technique)
 Solution = Solute + Solvent

9. What is a physical change?
Give a real life example
of a physical change?

10. Requires energy from environment
Cooling Process
Releases energy to environment
Warming Process

11. Changes in States of Matter
Deposition
Evaporation
Solidification/Freezing
Melting
Sublimation
Condensation

12. Temperature
(degrees
Celsius)
Time (minutes)
0
100
Time-Temperature Graph for Water
Why is the slope of the graph flat (no temperature change) at 0 degrees?
Why is the slope of the graph flat (no
temperature change) at 100 degrees even
though the stove is still on?
What is true for the ice-water mixture when the
temperature began to rise?
Why did temperature increase at a constant rate?
When will the temperature of the water rise above 100 degreesCelsius?

13. Temperature
(degrees
Celsius)
Time (minutes)
0
100
Time-Temperature Graph for Water
As the temp approaches melting point temperature, the KE of the
water molecules increases loosening the bonds between water
molecules.
As the ice begins to melt, additional heat energy does not raise
the temperature of the water, but loosens the bonds changing
ice to water. i.e. phase change – melting.
Once the water is in a liquid phase, increasing the amount
of heat input raises the temp of the liquid water.
As the temp approaches boiling point, the KE of
the molecules is sufficient to allow the
separation of molecules into the gas phase.
As the liquid begins to boil. Additional
input of heat energy does not raise the
temperature of the water, rather it is used
to break water bonds. i.e. phase change.
Once the water is in the gas phase, additional heat input raises the
temperature of the water vapor Note: greater energy is needed to
vaporize water than to melt it.WHY?

14. Phase Change- _________
energy from stove = energy required for phase change
____ temperature change
Phase Change- ___________
energy from stove = energy required for phase change
______ temperature change
Energy from stove causes
increased ____E and increased ___________
Energy from stove causes
increased ___E and increased _____________
______ states of
Matter
______ states of
Matter
_____ states of
Matter

15. Phase Change- Melting
energy from stove = energy required for phase change
No temperature change
Phase Change-Vaporization
energy from stove = energy required for phase change
No temperature change
Energy from stove causes
increased KE and increasedTemperature
Energy from stove causes
increased KE and increasedTemperature
Two states of Matter
Two states of Matter
One state of Matter

16. The Water Profile

17. Boiling point
 temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas

18. Melting point
 the temperature at which a substance changes from a
solid to a liquid.

19. Solidification (freezing)
 changing of a liquid to a solid

20. Salt on snow-covered roads?
 If you live in an area with a cold and icy winter, you have
probably experienced salt on sidewalks and roads, used to
melt the ice and snow and keep it from refreezing.
 Salt is also used to make homemade ice cream.
 In both cases, the salt works by lowering the melting or
freezing point of water.The effect is termed freezing point
depression
 So, when you add a salt to ice with a little bit of water, the salt
lowers the freezing point of the water, keeping it from re-
freezing as easily and helping to melt the rest of the ice.

21. Sublimation
 the changing of a solid directly to a gas
Example
Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide. At room temperature and
pressure, it sublimates into carbon dioxide vapor.

22. Deposition
 this is a phase change from a gas directly to a solid
Iodine test:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4fAOI6BeMZY
Dry Ice
The Iodine
Test

23. Evaporation
 changing of a liquid to a vapor at any temperature below
its boiling point.

24. Alcohol Water Oil
NATURE OFTHE
SUBSTANCE
Why does alcohol evaporate faster?
Both alcohol and water have hydrogen molecules that bond. However, the
bonds in alcohol molecules are weaker which allows for alcohol to evaporate
faster.

25. 2. Copy and complete the following sentences using the words
below:
Solution solvent solute saliva
dissolves exposed saliva
The candy dissolves in the ……………………..in your mouth
to form a liquid …………………………..
Solutions contain two parts, a ………………….. and a
……………………………….
The solvent is …………………….. and the solute is the candy.
The solute……………………….. by spreading out evenly
throughout the solvent.
The candy can quickly dissolve when it is ……………… to
chewing and stirred by moving it around with the tongue.

27. Pressure CookerVisualizer

28. Ms Pommeroy cooks rice in a
pressure cooker. Why?
 A pressure cooker is a sealed pot.
 Steam trapped inside the pot under pressure allows the
temperature to rise beyond what it could reach normally in a
traditional uncovered pot.
 As the pressure inside the cooker increases, the boiling point of
the water inside increases as well.This causes the food to cook at
a higher temperature, which cooks it faster.

29. CHEMICAL CHANGE PHYSICAL CHANGE
In a chemical change where there is a
chemical reaction, a new substance is
formed and energy is either given off or
absorbed.
A physical change in a substance doesn't
change what the substance is.
If a piece of paper is burned, it is broken up
into different substances that are not paper.
For example, if a piece of paper is cut up into
small pieces it still is paper.This would be a
physical change in the shape and size of the
paper.
Chemical changes cannot be reversed with
the substance changed back without
extraordinary means, if at all.
Physical changes can be reversed.
If one made a recipe for a cake with flour,
water, sugar and other ingredients and
baked them together, it would take
extraordinary means to separate the various
ingredients out to their original form.
If one decided to mix sugar/salt into water
to make sugar/salty water, this would be a
physical change as the water could be left
out to evaporate and the sugar/salt crystals
would remain.
Note: remember salt is sodium chloride
(NaCl)

30. GOOD LUCK!
Photo Credit:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/kot
omi-jewelry/4229169566/