Phrasal verbs
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This document discusses phrasal verbs, which are verbs combined with prepositions or adverbs that can change the meaning of the verb. A phrasal verb's meaning is sometimes similar to the base verb but is often very different. The adverb or preposition can significantly alter the meaning. Additionally, many phrasal verbs have multiple meanings depending on context, so care must be taken to understand the intended definition. Examples are provided to illustrate how phrasal verbs can have related or completely different meanings than the base verb.
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What are the differences and similarities between them?
Adverb phrases
The document discusses adverb phrases and their functions. It begins by defining an adverb phrase as consisting of one or more words with the adverb as the head. Adverbs can modify verbs, be-verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, noun phrases, prepositional phrases, and determiners. Example adverb phrases are provided for each function to illustrate how adverbs modify or qualify different parts of speech.
Grammar Workshop
This document provides an overview of the basic elements of grammar, including sentences, subjects and predicates, nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It defines these terms and provides examples. The document is intended as a workshop for teaching grammar fundamentals.
Grammar Workshop
This workshop seeks to explain the eight parts of speech. You will find definitions and examples to help you understand their function and use.
Position of adverb
This document discusses adverbs and adverb phrases. It defines adverbs as words that describe verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Adverb phrases consist of an adverb plus any modifying adverbs or phrases. The document outlines five main grammatical functions of adverb phrases: adjective phrase modifier, adverb phrase modifier, verb phrase modifier, adverbial, and adjunct. It provides examples for each function and discusses the syntax of adverb phrases, including degree words, comparison, and coordination.
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Similarities and differences of word formation compound words, blends and phr...
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Hakikat pendidikan
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang hakikat pendidikan. Menurut sumber-sumber yang dikutip dalam dokumen, hakikat pendidikan adalah untuk membebaskan dan memerdekakan peserta didik, sesuai dengan pandangan Freire dan Ki Hajar Dewantara. Dokumen juga menjelaskan beberapa aspek penting dalam pendidikan serta perbedaan antara pendidikan yang baik dan tidak baik.
Asas pendidikan
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang asas-asas pendidikan yang mencakup asas ING NGARSA SUNG TULADHA, ING MADYA MANGUN KARSA, TUT WURI HANDAYANI, belajar sepanjang hayat, kemandirian dalam belajar, serta landasan-landasan pendidikan seperti filosofis, sosiologis, budaya, psikologi, ekonomi, agama, dan ilmiah/teknologi."
Ruang lingkup
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang perencanaan pendidikan, termasuk ruang lingkup, karakteristik, dimensi, tujuan, dan kendala pendidikan. Dibahas pula tentang pengelompokan masalah pendidikan, format perencanaan berdasarkan segi umum, fisik, sosial, dan administrasi, serta dua orientasi kegiatan pendidikan yakni proses sosial dan lingkungan fisik.
Ruang lingkup pendidikan
Pendidikan melibatkan berbagai lingkungan seperti keluarga, sekolah, dan masyarakat yang membentuk tripusat pendidikan. Setiap lingkungan memberikan pengaruh tersendiri dalam proses pendidikan, baik secara fisik, sosial budaya, intelektual, keagamaan, dan nilai-nilai. Tripusat pendidikan berperan penting dalam mencapai tujuan membangun sumber daya manusia yang bermutu.
Hakikat pendidikan
Dokumen tersebut merangkum tentang hakikat pendidikan. Pendidikan adalah upaya untuk mengembangkan potensi manusia sesuai nilai-nilai masyarakat melalui proses interaksi antara subjek didik dan pendidik, yang bertujuan mempersiapkan individu menghadapi perubahan lingkungan sepanjang hayat. Pendidikan juga meningkatkan kualitas hidup pribadi dan masyarakat.
pronunciation 7
The document describes two sets of phonetic features and examples. The first set has a below-half-open tongue height, with the back part of the tongue raised, and open lips with a medium to wide jaw distance. Example words given are "oar" and "ore or our". The second set has a fully open tongue height with the back part highest, open lips with a medium to wide jaw distance. Example words provided include "o", "a", "ou, ow", and "au".
Vowel sound
The document describes the tongue position and lip and jaw movements for two speech sounds. The first sound has the tongue halfway between the open and closed positions, with the central part of the tongue highest at the junction of the front and back. The lips are spread with a narrow opening between the jaws. The second sound has the back of the tongue highest, with the lips between open and rounded and a medium to wide opening between the jaws.
Pronunciation 6
This document describes the vowel sounds /A:/ and /e@/ in English. For the sound /A:/, the tongue is fully open with the highest point slightly in front of the center of the back of the tongue. Examples include words like "far", "part", and "heart". The sound /e@/ has the tongue half-open with the front raised and the lips spread or neutral with a wide jaw opening. Example words for this sound include "care", "chair", and "bear".
Pronunciation 5
The document discusses two vowel sounds: /aI/ and /I/. Vowel sound /aI/ is produced with the tongue low and front part raised, lips spread to neutral, and a wide jaw opening. It is found in words containing letters like i, y, igh, and ei. Vowel sound /I/ is produced with the tongue nearly half close, the front-hinder part of the tongue highest, lips spread or neutral, and a narrow to medium jaw opening. It is found in words containing letters like i, y, e, and a. Examples of words containing each vowel sound are provided.
pronunciation table
The document describes the classification of English consonant and vowel sounds. It discusses the place and manner of articulation for consonants. Place of articulation refers to where in the vocal tract a consonant sound is produced, such as bilabial, alveolar, or velar. Manner of articulation describes how the articulators are involved, such as stops, fricatives, nasals, or approximants. It also discusses various articulatory features that distinguish vowels, including height, backness, roundedness, and nasalization. Monophthongs are pure vowel sounds that do not change in quality over time, while diphthongs and triphthongs glide between qualities.
Pronunciation 2
A diphthong is a vowel combination in a single syllable where the tongue moves from one vowel position to another in a smooth transition, creating a sound interpreted as a single phoneme. Diphthongs are represented by two vowel symbols indicating the starting and ending tongue positions. A monophthong is a pure vowel sound with a fixed articulation that does not change positions. There are 12 pure vowels in English classified by tongue height, frontness, and lip rounding. Common English diphthongs include /ei/ as in "late" starting at /e/ and moving to /i/, and /ai/ as in "rain" starting at the open vowel /a/.
Pronunciation 3
This document describes the vowel sounds /i:/ and /e/ in English. For the vowel sound /i:/, the tongue is nearly close, the center front part of the tongue is highest, the lips are spread or neutral, and the jaw opening is narrow to medium. Examples of words containing the /i:/ sound include tree, see, complete, and immediate. The vowel sound /e/ has the tongue in an intermediate height between half-close and half-open, the front part of the tongue is raised, the lips are spread or neutral, and the jaw opening is medium. Words containing the /e/ sound include pen, seven, head, and any.
pronunciation 4
The document describes two phonetic transcriptions:
- The first transcription has a mid-high tongue position, centered highest point of the tongue, spread lips, and a narrow jaw opening. It can be spelled with most vowel letters and combinations, and examples include possible, gentlemen, woman, oblige, suppose, particular, mother, doctor, famous, colour, and figure.
- The second transcription has a slightly lower tongue position towards the front of the mouth, spread or neutral lips, and a narrow to medium jaw opening. It can be represented by i, y, e, ie, a, and in some examples words like fit, rich, symbol, city, become, descend, ladies, cities, village
pronunciation 1
The document discusses the human mechanism for producing speech sounds. It describes how air flows from the lungs through the trachea and larynx. In the larynx, the vocal cords can be positioned to produce either voiced sounds by vibrating or voiceless sounds by being further apart. The positions of the vocal cords and the air flowing through them determines if a sound is voiced or voiceless. The document also discusses the anatomy of the mouth, including the hard and soft palate, tongue, and pharynx. Additionally, it notes that in writing, words use letters, while in speech they use sounds, and the same sound can be represented by different letters.
Preposition
Prepositions are words that show relationships of time, place, direction, etc. between nouns or pronouns. This document lists and provides examples of many common English prepositions such as on, up, down, above, below, over, under, by, around, across, along, between, among, beyond, instead, through, toward, onto, into, and out of. It explains the meanings and uses of these prepositions in detail with multiple examples for each one.
Suffixes
This document summarizes common suffixes in the English language and their meanings. It discusses suffixes such as:
-er, -or, -ist, and -ian which describe people and their occupations (e.g. teacher, actor, artist). It also discusses suffixes like -ation, -sion, -ion, and -tion which indicate an act or process (e.g. information, decision, creation). Additionally, it covers suffixes like -ary, -ery, -y, -ty, and -ity which indicate a state or condition (e.g. boundary, bribery, purity). The document provides numerous examples for each suffix discussed.
Uncountable nouns
Uncountable nouns refer to substances, liquids, gases, and ideas. They don't have a plural form and are used with singular verbs. Common uncountable nouns include information, wood, water, air, and money.
Plural nouns are formed in several irregular ways, including changing vowels, adding suffixes like -en or -s, or changing consonants. For example, the plural of man is men, the plural of ox is oxen, and the plural of knife is knives. Some nouns from Latin and Greek can be made plural by changing suffixes as well, such as stimuli from stimulus or analyses from analysis.
Verbs
This document summarizes the proper uses of several English verbs:
- Come expresses movement toward the speaker, while go expresses movement away. Come is also used to describe improving states, while go describes worsening states.
- Gone means to have left a place, while been means to have gone away and returned.
- Bring means to cause someone or something to come, while take means to cause someone or something to go.
- Remember refers to recalling past events or intentions, stop refers to ceasing an action, forget refers to being unable to recall, and love refers to having a strong positive feeling.
- Make, do, have, and take are used in specific contexts like making mistakes or meals,
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Phrasal verbs
- 2. What is a phrasal verb? • A phrasal verb is a verb combined with an adverb or preposition, and occasionally with an adverb and preposition. For example: - The price of petrol may go up (=increase) again next week. - He fell over (=fell to the ground) when he was running for the bus. - She’s promised to find out (=learn/discover) the name of that new hotel. - Who is going to look after (=take care of) the children when she goes into hospital? - If you don’t understand the meaning, you can look it up (=find the meaning in a book—in this case a dictionary) - Can you look at (=read) my essay sometime? - He doesn’t get on with (=have a good relationship with) his parents. (verb + adv + prep)
- 3. Meaning • Sometimes the meaning of a phrasal verb is very similar to the base verb, and the adverb just emphasizes the meaning of the base verb, e.g. stand up, wake up, save up, hurry up, sit down, lie down and send off. On the other occasions, the adverb adds the idea of completing the action of the verb, e.g. drink up (=finish your drink), eat up (=finish eating ), finish up, finish off.
- 4. Next … • But more often, the meaning of a phrasal verb is very different from the base verb, e.g. go up doesn’t mean the same as go; look after is different from look; and look after is also quite different from look up. An adverb or preposition can therefore change the meaning of a verb a great deal. • For example: It took her a long time to get over (=get better/recover from) her illness. In the end my next-door neighbor had to come and put out (=extinguish/stop) the fire. I persuaded my wife to give up (=stop) smoking He told me to carry on (=continue) as far as the traffic lights.
- 5. Multiple meaning • Many phrasal verbs have more than one meaning, so you must be careful when you see a phrasal verb you think you know, or look up the meaning in the dictionary. • For example: It was hot so I decided to take off (=remove) my jacket. I am always nervous when the plane takes off (=leaves the ground) My alarm clock didn’t go off (=ring) this morning. The bomb could go off (=explode) at any minute. The fish will go off (=go bad) if you don’t put in the fridge. Go away, I’m busy (leave) They’re going away for a few weeks in the summer (holiday) That smell seems to have gone away (disappear)