here is the ppt of graphics. for the begniers of gaphic sudent , to learn photoshop from begining . its very help full to all . you can contact me on mail@galiyaraa.in

1. Graphics Overview:
Using Photoshop
Principle of Photoshop
Kartik Mandothiya
www.facebook.com/galiyaraa/

2. Computer graphics boil down to two basic types: (bitmaps and vectors )
1. Bitmap (or raster) graphics:
• Bitmap graphics are stored as a series of tiny dots called pixels.
• Each pixel is assigned a color, and when they are viewed all together, they form
the picture.
• Bitmap graphics can be edited by erasing or changing the color of individual
pixels.
• There are many different bitmap file formats:
• TIFF for print; Photoshop's PSD and BMP; and
• GIF, JPG, and PNG for the Web.
2. Vector graphics:
– Unlike bitmaps, vector graphics are not based on pixel patterns, but instead use
mathematical formulas consisting of lines and curves that make shapes.
– Vector graphics are ideal for illustrations, line art, and type.
– However, with the exception of Macromedia's Flash and Shockwave formats,
most browsers do not support vector graphics.
– As a result, vectors have to be converted to bitmap (rasterized) before being
displayed on the Web.
– Some vector graphics file formats include: EPS; Illustrators' AI and WMF; and
PICT for the Mac.

3. Types of graphicsTypes of graphics
1. Photographic images:
 Continuous tones, 24 bit color, no text, few lines and
edges
1. Graphics, Logos, Line art and Screen Captures:
 Solid colors, up to 256 colors, with text or lines and sharp
edges

4. Image modeImage mode
(RGB, indexed color, Gray scale, CMYK)(RGB, indexed color, Gray scale, CMYK)
 RGB:
– Uses millions of colors. Flexible for editing.
– Use when working on editing or creating an image (millions of colors).
– Save file as .psd . Remember when saving in PSD, this will produce a large file and will not
be viewed on the web. The PSD file is good to use while editing file.
– Layers are available in this mode and not in gif or jpg, or png (they are compressed/ flattened
files)
– Jpg/png24, uses RGB but NOT gif.
 CMYK:
 The CMYK model is based on the light-absorbing quality of ink printed on paper.
- Pure cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) pigments should combine to
absorb all light and produce black. For this reason these colors are called subtractive
colors.
- Use when working on images for print and save as .tiff and use high resolution (200-600).
- Indexed color mode:
– 8bit or 256 colors. Used with .gif files. Not flexible to use while editing and you will get
chunky result

5. ResolutionResolution
 Resolution
– The resolution of an image describes how fine the dots are that make up that image.
– The more dots, the higher the resolution (better quality).
– Resolution for the screen/web (dependant on monitor size):
 When displayed on a monitor, the dots are called pixels.
 A 640-by-480-pixels on screen is capable of displaying 640 distinct dots on each of its 480 lines, or
about (640 X 480) 300,000 pixels.
 Use 72 - 200 resolution for web (Note: if use higher resolution than 72, your file size will increase and
dimensions of height and width as well)
– Resolution for printer:
 A 300 dpi (dots per inch) printer is capable of printing 300 dots in a line “1 inch” long.
 This means it can print 90,000 (300 X 300) dots per square inch
 Use 200- 1200 resolution for printing

6. Working with mode:Working with mode:
To change your image over to RGB mode:
- select Mode from the Image pull down menu
and choose RGB Color.
To resize image:
go back to the Image pulldown and select Image Size.
Enter in the size you want (either the pixel dimension or
in inches - make sure the resolution box reads "72")
and click OK.

7. Graphic format for the web/screen:Graphic format for the web/screen:
GIF: Graphic Interchange Format
– First graphic format for the web created by
CompuServ
– Standard gif is 8bits or 216 colors
– Transparent gif: GIF89a (No background color: blends into any
background since it doesn’t have any background color of is own)
– Gif uses “LZW” (Lemple-Zev-Welch) compression.
– This compression takes advantage of the repetitions in
data streams.
– LZW is efficient for storing simple graphic, flat
colors, Banners, logo’s (images with little color
shading)..

8. Graphic format for the web:Graphic format for the web:
Jpeg or JPG: Joint Photographic Experts
24 bits... Millions of colors
used for photograph and complex images
Uses Lossy compression method:
– which compresses shades of tones that are not
visible by the eye without loss of quality
Used to compress photographs

9. PNG (png8 and png 24):PNG (png8 and png 24):
PNG: Portal Network Format
Types of PNG:
Png_8: 8 bits.. 256 colors, good for
simple graphics .. Not too many shades
of colors
Png_24: 24 bits or millions of colors.
Good for complicated images such as
photographs.
Lossless compression scheme and better
compression than gif

10. Format for Print/editing/scan:Format for Print/editing/scan:
Tiff :Tiff : (great quality image used for print)(great quality image used for print)
• TIFF - Image File Format (.TIF files).
• TIF files are large, huge even, but it's the price we pay, it's how large
the data is.
• TIFF is the most universal format, about any program on any
platform will handle TIFF.
• TIFF has been the format of choice for use for master copies of
scanned data for years.
• TIFF was developed by Aldus, before Adobe bought them, and is the
most widely supported format across other platforms.
• Not used on the web
• Great for print (good quality), but remember that it’s a large file

11. PSD: standard Photoshop file(.psd)PSD: standard Photoshop file(.psd)
• Uses millions of colors (RGB: red, Green, & blue)
• (0-256 shades of red, 0-256 shades of Green, 0-256 shades of blue)
• Great for editing / work in progress
• Saves with layers / helpful while editing a file
• Very Large file
• PSD file format will not work on the web … (except in Safari under
Mac OS X... Which will display a flattened version of your image.)

12. Other formats: These formats are notOther formats: These formats are not
commonly used on the web (as they are notcommonly used on the web (as they are not
supported by all browsers)supported by all browsers)
• BMP (Windows Bitmap)
• BMP will handle 24 bit data but it cannot be compressed.
• BMP uses RLE (Run Length Encoding) to compress 8 bit data, which is
effective in graphics, but much less effective in continuous tones like
photos.
• PICT (Macintosh Quickdraw) PICT is used in page layout and graphics
programs; it creates large files and is not suitable for exchange with Windows
programs.

13. Browser color palette:Browser color palette:
 Browser Safe palate ( web):
 Browser uses 256 colors (8 bits).
 40 colors are reserved for its own use
 216 colors are used by the browser
 Dithering: browser tries to substitute colors if not part of its palate
 Interlace: browser will display image gradually
 Anti-alias: blending of pixel colors on perimeter of hard-edge shapes. Smooth
edges and not jagged

14. Photoshop tips for the web

15. Graphic format for the web/screen:Graphic format for the web/screen:
File formats to use: gif, jpg or png
To save for the web using Photoshop:
– From the FILE menu, select SAVE FOR WEB
and then select the desired web format from
the window that comes up.
– Make sure you select “0” dithering colors
(minimal loss of color)

16. General Photoshop tips (such as after scanning)General Photoshop tips (such as after scanning)
 To reduce image size and resolution:
– From the image menu, select “image size”
– You can also use the “Crop” tool to remove parts of the image along the
perimeter
 You can change the orientation of the image:
– From the image menu, select “Rotate canvas”
 To restore some lost information after resizing image (or scanning)
– Apply “unsharp mask”: from “filter menu” choose sharpen then select
“unsharp mask”
– You can also try to adjust colors (after scanning or changing size of
image):
 Image menu: select adjustments, then try the following
– Curves
– Auto levels
– Auto contrast
– Variations

17. Move object tool
- Rectangular marquee tool
- press to select Elliptical Marquee tool
- Crop tool
- used to Shrink image. You can also use to enlarge image
- Paint bucket tool
- used to paint large area of canvas. It uses colors in the foreground
-Type tool
- Eye dropper tool
-to select a foreground color from image
-Foreground color
- used when using type, paint bucket, pecil, paint brush
-Background color
- used when “cut” from edit menu
-Pencil tool: free hand drawing (uses foreground color)
- Press on same tool to select a “Brush” tool
Overview of Photoshop tools