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Pillar #2
FOCUS AND CLARITY
Images must possess some level of:
 Clear sharp detail
 Focal point on the subject
 Main idea and purpose
Clarity in a Picture
 What 2 things must occur in order to have any level of clear detail?
 Focus
 Camera Stability (not move)
Out of focus – wrong focus distance Blurry – subject/camera movement
Things Clarity can affect in a picture:
 The Subject or focal point
 The main idea or purpose
 Overall quality of the image
 Complexity or mystery
 Use of creativity
The amount of Clarity in a picture can
vary significantly
Very small clarity distance Very wide clarity distance
Regardless of the perceived focus range,
focus occurs at a specific ______.
 A. Distance!!!
 B. Focus occurs like a plane of glass exiting
in all directions
 C. Everything at the same distance will be
equally as clear
 C. Everything closer/further from the focal
distance will be less clear
How does focus actually work?
 Light rays through a lens form a cone
 The lens adjusts to ensure the tip of the
cone occurs at the image sensor
 Only 1 distance of light can be formed into
a perfect cone at a time
***Note: The entire image does not need to
be clear… but the important part should be!!!
 Achieved focus in the proper
location on the right detail
 Use focus to direct the viewer
to the correct details
 Allows focus to enhance the
visual properties of the image
Successful images:
The Settings in a Camera:
 1. Focus Target (AF, MACRO, MF) – distance to subject
 2. Focus Mode (Single/Continuous) – stationary vs moving subject
 3. Focus Point Location (Auto, Manual Box) – you or the camera, where
 4. Drive Mode (Single, Burst, Continuous) – how many captures
 5. Alert (visual, auditory) – on/off
Typical thought process for changing
focus settings
1. Set the focus target – based on how
close to the subject you will be
-AF/AF Macro/MF
2. Select Focus Mode
-Single or continuous
3. Select focus location – based on the
type of subject/movement
-AF – (auto) multi point
-Focus Box – movable
4. Adjust the focus location based on
where you want the subject within the
frame of the image
5. Allow the lens to focus – pressing the
shutter button halfway
6. Ensure focus has occurred - beeps
1. Focus Target Setting
 Determines the distance range the camera will need to properly adjust the
focus distance
 Standard “AF” - normal operation, 2 feet to 10 miles
 Macro “Tulip Icon” – close distance, less than 2 feet to subject
 Manual “MF” – difficult situations
2. Single vs Continuous
 Single Mode
 More accurate
 Press button half way – camera sets distance to subject
and locks
 Can be used for moving subjects when distance does not
change
 Continuous Mode
 Used when the subjects distance to camera is changing
 Camera guesses what the focus distance will be based on
movement
What would you use for: person swinging a bat, merry go round, slam dunk,
bird at bird feeder, QB throwing a ball, goalie making a save
3. Focus Point Location Modes
 Choosing the Focus Mode:
• Auto
• camera determines what to focus on
• generally uses most of the image area
• Manual select
• Chose a specific portion of the frame for the
camera to focus
• Single Point vs Multi Point
• Single point can be moved
4. Drive Mode
 Sets how many pictures will be taken
 Single – 1 picture per focus/button press
 Burst – 3/6/9 pictures per focus, must hold button for multiple
 Continuous – will continue taking while button is pressed
5. Focus Alert
 Beeps
 Lets you know is focus has/hasn’t happened
 Can be turned on/off
 Visual Identification
 Green dot, Red Box Flashes, AE Lock
How can you tell when an image
is truly sharp?
Note:
*Do not trust the detail on your camera
screen, detail is compressed
*View image minimum 8x10 on
computer screen (arms length away)
*when time sensitive, use zoom preview
on the camera screen
Answer: Zoom In and check edges of
detail
Can you tell which image is not
sharp?
Clear…but not sharp Clear…with a high degree of sharpness
What causes for an image to
not be sharp?
 -focus didn’t occur at the correct distance
 -Focus didn’t occur on the correct part of the
object
 -Lens imperfections (dirt, finger prints,
 -Environmental factors (fog, rain, dirt, smog)
 -Camera movement (shaky hands)
 -Subject movement
Out of Focus vs. Blurry
Blurry Image
 Caused by movement
 Either camera shake or subject
movement or both
Out of Focus (partially)
 Caused by focal distance
 Light rays not being focused on
the image sensor
There are 2 types of movement:
 Camera Movement
 Subject Movement
 Subject movement can be controlled by
adjusting shutter speed
 Only the moving part typically shows
blur
 Camera movement can be controlled by
using a tripod or support when necessary
 Entire image typically shows blur
 Shutter speed less than 1/60 = use
tripod
How does movement impact clarity?
Answer: Movement causes blur
What caused the following blur?
1 2
3 4
The slightest movement
Does picture size change image
quality? • Increasing picture size spreads out the pixels
decreasing sharpness
• Consider final picture size during planning
to determine quality needs
• It only takes 4 MP to create a high quality
8x10 print
Pillar #2 – Exercise #1
Image recognition
 Image Criteria:
1. Image that appears perfectly clear throughout a great distance range
2. Clarity on a close object with background out of focus
3. Clarity on middle subject with foreground and background out of focus
4. Clarity on subject off in the distance with foreground out of focus and background clear
5. Subject is blurry with rest of image clear
6. Part of subject blurry with the background clear
7. Entire image that is unclear - out of focus
8. Entire image that is unclear - blurry due to camera movement
9. An image where the subject is out of focus with rest of image clear
10. An image where part of the subject is clear but the important part of the subject is out of focus
11. Panning (camera moving with the subject, subject mostly clear, background blurry)
12. MACRO - close-up image of something small made to look larger than life
Pillar #2 – Exercise #2
Practicing Focus (Focus Target)
Pillar #2 – Exercise #3
Controlling Focus Distance
Pillar #2 – Exercise #4
Using Zoom
Pillar #2 – Exercise #5
MACRO

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Photography Pillar 2 - Focus and Clarity

  • 2. Images must possess some level of:  Clear sharp detail  Focal point on the subject  Main idea and purpose
  • 3. Clarity in a Picture  What 2 things must occur in order to have any level of clear detail?  Focus  Camera Stability (not move) Out of focus – wrong focus distance Blurry – subject/camera movement
  • 4. Things Clarity can affect in a picture:  The Subject or focal point  The main idea or purpose  Overall quality of the image  Complexity or mystery  Use of creativity
  • 5. The amount of Clarity in a picture can vary significantly Very small clarity distance Very wide clarity distance
  • 6. Regardless of the perceived focus range, focus occurs at a specific ______.  A. Distance!!!  B. Focus occurs like a plane of glass exiting in all directions  C. Everything at the same distance will be equally as clear  C. Everything closer/further from the focal distance will be less clear
  • 7. How does focus actually work?  Light rays through a lens form a cone  The lens adjusts to ensure the tip of the cone occurs at the image sensor  Only 1 distance of light can be formed into a perfect cone at a time ***Note: The entire image does not need to be clear… but the important part should be!!!
  • 8.  Achieved focus in the proper location on the right detail  Use focus to direct the viewer to the correct details  Allows focus to enhance the visual properties of the image Successful images:
  • 9. The Settings in a Camera:  1. Focus Target (AF, MACRO, MF) – distance to subject  2. Focus Mode (Single/Continuous) – stationary vs moving subject  3. Focus Point Location (Auto, Manual Box) – you or the camera, where  4. Drive Mode (Single, Burst, Continuous) – how many captures  5. Alert (visual, auditory) – on/off
  • 10. Typical thought process for changing focus settings 1. Set the focus target – based on how close to the subject you will be -AF/AF Macro/MF 2. Select Focus Mode -Single or continuous 3. Select focus location – based on the type of subject/movement -AF – (auto) multi point -Focus Box – movable 4. Adjust the focus location based on where you want the subject within the frame of the image 5. Allow the lens to focus – pressing the shutter button halfway 6. Ensure focus has occurred - beeps
  • 11. 1. Focus Target Setting  Determines the distance range the camera will need to properly adjust the focus distance  Standard “AF” - normal operation, 2 feet to 10 miles  Macro “Tulip Icon” – close distance, less than 2 feet to subject  Manual “MF” – difficult situations
  • 12. 2. Single vs Continuous  Single Mode  More accurate  Press button half way – camera sets distance to subject and locks  Can be used for moving subjects when distance does not change  Continuous Mode  Used when the subjects distance to camera is changing  Camera guesses what the focus distance will be based on movement What would you use for: person swinging a bat, merry go round, slam dunk, bird at bird feeder, QB throwing a ball, goalie making a save
  • 13. 3. Focus Point Location Modes  Choosing the Focus Mode: • Auto • camera determines what to focus on • generally uses most of the image area • Manual select • Chose a specific portion of the frame for the camera to focus • Single Point vs Multi Point • Single point can be moved
  • 14. 4. Drive Mode  Sets how many pictures will be taken  Single – 1 picture per focus/button press  Burst – 3/6/9 pictures per focus, must hold button for multiple  Continuous – will continue taking while button is pressed
  • 15. 5. Focus Alert  Beeps  Lets you know is focus has/hasn’t happened  Can be turned on/off  Visual Identification  Green dot, Red Box Flashes, AE Lock
  • 16. How can you tell when an image is truly sharp? Note: *Do not trust the detail on your camera screen, detail is compressed *View image minimum 8x10 on computer screen (arms length away) *when time sensitive, use zoom preview on the camera screen Answer: Zoom In and check edges of detail
  • 17. Can you tell which image is not sharp? Clear…but not sharp Clear…with a high degree of sharpness
  • 18. What causes for an image to not be sharp?  -focus didn’t occur at the correct distance  -Focus didn’t occur on the correct part of the object  -Lens imperfections (dirt, finger prints,  -Environmental factors (fog, rain, dirt, smog)  -Camera movement (shaky hands)  -Subject movement
  • 19. Out of Focus vs. Blurry Blurry Image  Caused by movement  Either camera shake or subject movement or both Out of Focus (partially)  Caused by focal distance  Light rays not being focused on the image sensor
  • 20. There are 2 types of movement:  Camera Movement  Subject Movement  Subject movement can be controlled by adjusting shutter speed  Only the moving part typically shows blur  Camera movement can be controlled by using a tripod or support when necessary  Entire image typically shows blur  Shutter speed less than 1/60 = use tripod How does movement impact clarity? Answer: Movement causes blur
  • 21. What caused the following blur? 1 2 3 4
  • 23. Does picture size change image quality? • Increasing picture size spreads out the pixels decreasing sharpness • Consider final picture size during planning to determine quality needs • It only takes 4 MP to create a high quality 8x10 print
  • 24. Pillar #2 – Exercise #1 Image recognition  Image Criteria: 1. Image that appears perfectly clear throughout a great distance range 2. Clarity on a close object with background out of focus 3. Clarity on middle subject with foreground and background out of focus 4. Clarity on subject off in the distance with foreground out of focus and background clear 5. Subject is blurry with rest of image clear 6. Part of subject blurry with the background clear 7. Entire image that is unclear - out of focus 8. Entire image that is unclear - blurry due to camera movement 9. An image where the subject is out of focus with rest of image clear 10. An image where part of the subject is clear but the important part of the subject is out of focus 11. Panning (camera moving with the subject, subject mostly clear, background blurry) 12. MACRO - close-up image of something small made to look larger than life
  • 25. Pillar #2 – Exercise #2 Practicing Focus (Focus Target)
  • 26. Pillar #2 – Exercise #3 Controlling Focus Distance
  • 27. Pillar #2 – Exercise #4 Using Zoom
  • 28. Pillar #2 – Exercise #5 MACRO