The document discusses ethics policies from various news organizations that emphasize honesty, accuracy, avoiding deception, and not altering photographs in a way that misrepresents reality. It also outlines guidelines for photojournalists around issues like privacy, graphic content, and not staging or reenacting events. The policies aim to maintain integrity and trust with readers by applying high ethical standards to visual journalism.

1. PHOTO
ETHICS
CHRIS SNIDER | JMC59 | FALL 2009

3. Ethics made simple
• Tell the truth
• Be fair
• Don’t pretend something is yours if it is
not yours
• Don’t deceive the reader
• ALSO: Understand the ethical values of
your organization

4. San Jose Mercury News
• ETHICS POLICY STATES...
• The San Jose Mercury News is committed to the highest
ethical standards. To take pride in the work we do, we
must do our work honestly.
• Fairness and accuracy are among our core values. But
perhaps nothing stands above the need for the
newspaper to maintain and preserve its integrity. We
cannot hold the people we cover to standards we do not
meet ourselves. The public's trust in our work – our
most important asset – depends on our meeting these
high standards.

5. Visual Ethics

6. LA Times
• VISUAL ETHICS POLICY STATES...
• Photographs and graphics must inform, not mislead.
Any attempt to confuse readers or misrepresent visual
information is prohibited.
• In photographing news, we do not stage or reenact
events. Photographers may direct subjects of portraits,
fashion shoots or studio work. In presenting such
images, we must avoid creating the impression that
they were captured spontaneously.

7. LA Times
• We do not add color, create photomontages, remove
objects or flop images. We do not digitally alter images
beyond making minor adjustments for color correction,
exposure correction and removal of dust spots or
scratches required to ensure faithful reproduction of the
original image. Exaggerated use of burning, dodging or
color saturation is not permitted.
• On occasion, we publish artistic or graphic renderings
that include altered photographs. Such renderings
should be clearly labeled photo illustration. Before
creating a photo illustration, photographers, photo
editors and designers must obtain approval from a
Senior Editor for photography.

8. Virginian-Pilot
• RULES FOR DOCUMENTARY PHOTOS...
• Posing or re-enacting a documentary photograph is
unacceptable. Altering a documentary photo is also
unacceptable. This includes eliminating or adding
material to the photo.
• Do not ask someone to repeat an action for a
documentary photo. The photographer would not ask a
wife to again hug her husband at a ship homecoming
because he missed it the first time.

9. Virginian-Pilot
• Do not cut out a "live" news photo. Cutouts can make a
news photo look like a feature photo. Let the reader
have full information.
• A photographer, photo editor or designer should not
eliminate a telephone line from a photo to "clean up"
the scene. Clouds, sky, grass or other elements should
not be added to make room for type or make the photo
fit a hole.

33. Magazines

43. http://jezebel.com/gossip/photoshop-of-horrors/heres-our-winner-redbook-shatters-our-faith-in-well-not-publishing-but-maybe-god-278919.php
http://jezebel.com/gossip/top/the-annotated-guide-to-making-faith-hill-hot-278978.php
http://youtube.com/watch?v=iYhCn0jf46U

47. Public relations

52. Photo Decisions
To use or not to use?

54. To use or not to use
• Virginian-Pilot photo usage rules...
• When in doubt, use common sense. Know privacy rules
and laws. Shooting the photo usually is not the
problem. Publishing the photo may be. Using sound
judgment, the photographer should almost always
shoot the picture. The editing process will determine
whether the photo will be used. The photo editor, page
editor and news editor will also help determine
publication. Some photos should be approved by a
deputy managing editor, managing editor or the editor.

55. Some Red Flags
• Virginian-Pilot...
• Death
• Nudity or sexual content
• Exaggerated grief
• Blood or other body fluids
• Photo is too good to be true (it may be set up)
• Vulgar words or gestures (these may be hidden in a photo)
• Cheap shot (zipper open, food on the face)
• Unflattering expression not related to the event or situation
• People performing dangerous acts
• Violence
• Racial stereotypes
• Photos that may otherwise shock or appall readers

56. To use or not to use
• Virginian-Pilot cont’d...
• GUIDING QUESTIONS
• Is the photo appropriate to the story?
• Is the news value worth upsetting the reader?
• Is the photo from this community or from far away?
• What are the paper’s general standards of taste?
• Do you need to pass the photo through the top editor?
• Does it pass the "breakfast table" test?

57. This image carries a number of messages that are not
directly part of its purpose as a news photo of the
Vietnam War. What else does the photo tell viewers?

58. http://abcnews.go.com/video/playerIndex?id=8049121

59. Which of the following 3 photos would you use?

66. Visual Ethics

69. The Guardian
4/4/06
The Daily Mail
4/5/06