The document summarizes the final rule on gas gathering line regulation from PHMSA. It provides an overview of gas gathering and the types of gathering lines (Type A, B, C). The rule is effective May 16, 2022 with some exceptions. It clarifies definitions, requires reporting and mapping for Type R lines, and regulates Type C lines 8.625 inches or larger based on pressure and location near buildings. Operators have one year to comply with requirements for Type C lines. The rule also addresses incidental gathering lines, documentation of gathering points, and allows composite materials for Type C lines with notification to PHMSA.
The document provides an overview of the ASME B31.3 Process Piping Code. It discusses the code's philosophy, organization, history, scope, fluid service categories, and application. Key points include that B31.3 applies to process piping systems in chemical, petroleum, and other plants. It covers piping for various fluids and has specific requirements for Category M and high pressure fluid services. The code is organized into chapters that address design, materials, components, fabrication, inspection, and other topics.
Chemistry related damage of components in thermal power plantSHIVAJI CHOUDHURY
This document discusses various types of chemical damage that can occur to components in a thermal power plant. It outlines corrosion mechanisms that affect the turbine, steam pipes, condenser tubes, feedwater heaters and boiler components. Some key corrosion issues mentioned include stress corrosion cracking, deposition, pitting, erosion and flow accelerated corrosion. The document also provides recommendations to reduce deposition through improved water treatment and chemistry optimization.
This document provides details for insulating pipe systems. It specifies using mineral fiber insulation conforming to ASTM C 547 Class 1, with a factory applied FSK/kraft paper laminate jacket. The insulation will be used on cold water, hot water, and chilled water pipes as described. Half wood sections will be inserted into the insulation and taped with FSK tape to maintain the vapor barrier. 360 degree type 40 pipe protection shields 12 inches long will be used, along with U-bolt or hanger supports conforming to MSS SP 58-69 Type 24 standards.
This document discusses improved operation of a caustic tower through complex system evaluation and chemical treatment. It identifies that caustic tower fouling occurs through aldol condensation, free radical polymerization, and Diels Alder reactions. Testing identified specific fouling precursors. A treatment program using POLYFREE additives to inhibit each reaction mechanism was successful, extending the caustic tower run length to over 18 months without unplanned outage.
PID Tuning for Near Integrating Processes - Greg McMillan DeminarJim Cahill
Greg McMillan shares how to reduce tuning time for near integrating processes.
Recorded video version available for viewing at: http://www.screencast.com/t/NmUxZTBiNTg
Análisis de Gases Disueltos - Cromatografía de Gases.pdfTRANSEQUIPOS S.A.
Este documento presenta información sobre el análisis de gases disueltos mediante cromatografía de gases. Explica los objetivos y utilidad del método, los mecanismos de formación de gases desde el aislamiento de papel y aceite, y conceptos clave como la intensidad energética normalizada, las velocidades de generación de gases, y el triángulo de Duval para la interpretación de resultados. Además, revisa las normas IEEE C57.104-2019 para la evaluación de los estados y límites de concentración y generación de gases.
This document summarizes a presentation on corrosion under insulation (CUI) and coatings for mitigating CUI. It discusses how CUI occurs due to moisture ingress under insulation and temperature cycling. Several coating types are described that can provide barrier protection for steel under insulation, including epoxy phenolic, silicone acrylic, thermal spray aluminum, titanium modified inorganic copolymers, and inert multipolymeric matrix paints. Test methods for evaluating CUI coatings like cyclic pipe tests and CUI chambers are also summarized. Real-world case studies show how some coatings have performed well under long-term cyclic service conditions.
This document discusses separator design and sizing. It describes different separator configurations including horizontal and vertical separators. It also discusses the use of demisters to remove liquid mist. The document outlines how to size separators using parameters like flow rates, pressures, temperatures and physical properties. It presents methods for sizing separators using computer simulations, hand calculations and industry standards. Sample calculations are shown for various separator cases with and without demisters. Design specifications like diameter, length and L/D ratios are compared between the different methods. The summary reiterates the key steps and outcomes of separator sizing.
The document provides an overview of the ASME B31.3 Process Piping Code. It discusses the code's philosophy, organization, history, scope, fluid service categories, and application. Key points include that B31.3 applies to process piping systems in chemical, petroleum, and other plants. It covers piping for various fluids and has specific requirements for Category M and high pressure fluid services. The code is organized into chapters that address design, materials, components, fabrication, inspection, and other topics.
Chemistry related damage of components in thermal power plantSHIVAJI CHOUDHURY
This document discusses various types of chemical damage that can occur to components in a thermal power plant. It outlines corrosion mechanisms that affect the turbine, steam pipes, condenser tubes, feedwater heaters and boiler components. Some key corrosion issues mentioned include stress corrosion cracking, deposition, pitting, erosion and flow accelerated corrosion. The document also provides recommendations to reduce deposition through improved water treatment and chemistry optimization.
This document provides details for insulating pipe systems. It specifies using mineral fiber insulation conforming to ASTM C 547 Class 1, with a factory applied FSK/kraft paper laminate jacket. The insulation will be used on cold water, hot water, and chilled water pipes as described. Half wood sections will be inserted into the insulation and taped with FSK tape to maintain the vapor barrier. 360 degree type 40 pipe protection shields 12 inches long will be used, along with U-bolt or hanger supports conforming to MSS SP 58-69 Type 24 standards.
This document discusses improved operation of a caustic tower through complex system evaluation and chemical treatment. It identifies that caustic tower fouling occurs through aldol condensation, free radical polymerization, and Diels Alder reactions. Testing identified specific fouling precursors. A treatment program using POLYFREE additives to inhibit each reaction mechanism was successful, extending the caustic tower run length to over 18 months without unplanned outage.
PID Tuning for Near Integrating Processes - Greg McMillan DeminarJim Cahill
Greg McMillan shares how to reduce tuning time for near integrating processes.
Recorded video version available for viewing at: http://www.screencast.com/t/NmUxZTBiNTg
Análisis de Gases Disueltos - Cromatografía de Gases.pdfTRANSEQUIPOS S.A.
Este documento presenta información sobre el análisis de gases disueltos mediante cromatografía de gases. Explica los objetivos y utilidad del método, los mecanismos de formación de gases desde el aislamiento de papel y aceite, y conceptos clave como la intensidad energética normalizada, las velocidades de generación de gases, y el triángulo de Duval para la interpretación de resultados. Además, revisa las normas IEEE C57.104-2019 para la evaluación de los estados y límites de concentración y generación de gases.
This document summarizes a presentation on corrosion under insulation (CUI) and coatings for mitigating CUI. It discusses how CUI occurs due to moisture ingress under insulation and temperature cycling. Several coating types are described that can provide barrier protection for steel under insulation, including epoxy phenolic, silicone acrylic, thermal spray aluminum, titanium modified inorganic copolymers, and inert multipolymeric matrix paints. Test methods for evaluating CUI coatings like cyclic pipe tests and CUI chambers are also summarized. Real-world case studies show how some coatings have performed well under long-term cyclic service conditions.
This document discusses separator design and sizing. It describes different separator configurations including horizontal and vertical separators. It also discusses the use of demisters to remove liquid mist. The document outlines how to size separators using parameters like flow rates, pressures, temperatures and physical properties. It presents methods for sizing separators using computer simulations, hand calculations and industry standards. Sample calculations are shown for various separator cases with and without demisters. Design specifications like diameter, length and L/D ratios are compared between the different methods. The summary reiterates the key steps and outcomes of separator sizing.
Este documento resume los procedimientos para evaluar daños por corrosión en forma de picado (pitting corrosion) en componentes presurizados según el Nivel 1 de la API 579. Explica que el Nivel 1 evalúa el área y profundidad máxima de los picados y los compara con gráficos para determinar el grado de daño. Luego calcula una razón de espesor remanente y la compara con valores de aceptabilidad para determinar si el daño es aceptable o no. Proporciona ejemplos numéricos para ilustrar
The document compares All Volatile Treatment (AVT) and Oxygenated Treatment (OT) for feedwater treatment in power plants. AVT uses ammonia hydroxide to form a protective magnetite layer, while OT uses controlled oxygen levels to form a more passive hematite layer. OT provides increased corrosion protection in lower temperature regions by blocking pores in the oxide layer and oxidizing iron ions. Implementing OT requires a review of the plant, any necessary modifications, chemical cleaning if needed, training, and revising documentation to transition control strategies.
This document provides guidance for inspectors on paints and coatings. It outlines approved coating systems for various applications and services, including internal and external pipe coatings for buried, insulated, and atmospheric exposure conditions. It also provides standards on surface preparation, coating application, thickness measurement, and repair. Inspectors are instructed to follow the coating manufacturer's recommendations and use properly calibrated equipment to ensure coatings meet thickness and cure requirements.
This document provides guidelines for CAD layer standards for mechanical, plumbing and fire protection drawings. It summarizes the SMACNA CAD Standard, which was developed to promote consistency in CAD layer naming and organization. The standard builds upon the National CAD Standard and provides layer naming conventions for elements from various disciplines to allow for efficient sharing and manipulation of data between design professionals using CAD software. It includes recommendations for layer structure, guidelines for layer use, and specific layer names for mechanical, plumbing and fire protection components to facilitate coordination and integration of building information.
The document summarizes the key changes and new features in Version 4.40 of the CAESAR II pipe stress analysis software. Some of the main updates include revised piping codes, addition of the B31.11 code, expanded static load case options, automatic generation of hydrotest load cases, updates to the 3D graphics, and addition of new configuration options. The installation process for Version 4.40 is described, which includes running an installation driver from the included CD-ROM.
DISEÑO SISTEMA DE ROCIADORES AUTOMÁTICOS SEGÚN NORMA NFPA 13.pdfssuser192475
Este documento presenta la agenda de un curso sobre diseño de sistemas de rociadores automáticos según la norma NFPA 13. Incluye definiciones, tipos de rociadores, componentes de un sistema de rociadores, requisitos de diseño, protección de áreas de almacenamiento, planos y cálculos, y una visita de campo. El objetivo es proporcionar los conocimientos mínimos para diseñar e instalar sistemas de rociadores que cumplan con los estándares de seguridad contra incendios.
This document summarizes water treatment methods for cooling towers. It discusses corrosion inhibition, scale inhibition, and bacterial control, which are the three main objectives of water treatment. For each objective, it describes the causes of problems, prevention methods, and common chemical and physical treatment methods. It also covers water treatment system controls and monitoring, occupational safety considerations, and definitions of key terms related to water treatment. The intended audience includes cooling tower owners, designers, and operators to help them properly design, operate, and maintain water treatment systems for cooling towers.
Sandvik 254 SMO is a high-alloy austenitic stainless steel with excellent resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. It has higher strength than conventional austenitic stainless steels and good weldability. The document provides details on the chemical composition, forms, mechanical and physical properties, corrosion resistance, heat treatment, and welding of Sandvik 254 SMO.
Reformer Tube design principles
- Larsen Miller Plot
- Larsen Miller & Tube Design
- Design Margins - Stress Data Used
- Max Allowable & Design Temperature
- Tube Life
- Effect of Temperature on Life
- Material Types
HK40: 25 Cr / 20 Ni
HP Modified: 25 Cr / 35 Ni + Nb
Microalloy: 25 Cr / 35 Ni + Nb + Ti
- Alloy Developments
- Comparison of Alloys
Manufacturing Technology
- Welds
Failure mechanisms
- Failure Mechanisms - Creep
- Creep Propagation
- Common Failure Modes
- Uncommon Failure Modes
- Failure by Creep
- Creep Rupture - Cross Section
- Failure at Weld
Actions to Take if Tube Fails
- Pigtail Nipping
Inspection techniques
Classification of Problems
- Visual Examination
- Girth Measurement
- Ultrasonic Attenuation
- Radiography
Eddy Current Measurement
LOTIS Tube Inspection
LOTIS Compared to External Inspection
1) The document is a summary of a webinar about engineered pipe supports provided by Piping Technology & Products, Inc (PT&P).
2) It discusses different types of variable and constant spring supports, how to size, select, install, and maintain them.
3) The webinar provides guidance on inspection criteria and procedures for repairs, replacements, and isolating pipe systems during maintenance.
Hi-Fog is a water mist extinguishing system specially designed to be installed and used on places where no other extinguishing system is allowed, effective or practical to be installed.
API 570 provides guidance for inspecting, repairing, altering, and rerating in-service piping systems. It covers metallic and FRP piping systems used in process facilities for fluids like petroleum products, gases, and hazardous materials. The document establishes requirements for inspection plans, examining piping and components, evaluating inspection data, making repairs, and setting inspection intervals. It aims to ensure the safe operation of in-service piping by maintaining its structural integrity over time.
This document provides technical information about pipe friction factors, Manning numbers, and pressure losses for polyethylene and polypropylene pipes of various diameters. It includes a flow monogram that lists the average water quantity, flow velocity, and pressure loss for different pipe diameters from 35 mm to 100 mm. Additional pressure losses that must be added are also specified for elbows, tees, reducers, and bends in the piping depending on the radius of the elbow.
This document presents a back-corona discharge model for predicting the efficiency and voltage-current characteristics of electrostatic precipitators. The model accounts for factors like the back-corona inception level current density, voltage-current characteristics under normal, moderate, and severe back-corona conditions. It also models how back-corona effects particle layer resistivity and the collection efficiency loss due to positive particle charging and voltage drop across the particle layer. The model is implemented in a program that can be used to simulate and compute the efficiency.
The document summarizes key aspects of PHMSA's Mega Rule Parts 2 and 3 regarding corrosion control requirements for gas gathering and transmission pipelines. Part 2 focuses on gas gathering and establishes new reporting requirements and compliance standards for Type R and Type C gathering lines. Part 3 addresses deficiencies in cathodic protection, external corrosion control monitoring and surveys, and managing electrical interference currents for gas transmission pipelines. The timeline notes Parts 1, 2, and 3 will be effective between 2020-2023, with compliance dates ranging from 2023-2035.
The new section 192.607 defines requirements for verifying material properties and attributes of onshore steel transmission pipelines. Operators must maintain traceable, verifiable, and complete records for the life of the pipeline. The rule requires developing procedures to verify unverified material information through destructive or non-destructive testing. It also establishes sampling programs for pipelines with incomplete data to test for properties like minimum yield strength. The impacts are moderate, as operators will need to update practices to comply with the new verification and record keeping standards.
Este documento resume los procedimientos para evaluar daños por corrosión en forma de picado (pitting corrosion) en componentes presurizados según el Nivel 1 de la API 579. Explica que el Nivel 1 evalúa el área y profundidad máxima de los picados y los compara con gráficos para determinar el grado de daño. Luego calcula una razón de espesor remanente y la compara con valores de aceptabilidad para determinar si el daño es aceptable o no. Proporciona ejemplos numéricos para ilustrar
The document compares All Volatile Treatment (AVT) and Oxygenated Treatment (OT) for feedwater treatment in power plants. AVT uses ammonia hydroxide to form a protective magnetite layer, while OT uses controlled oxygen levels to form a more passive hematite layer. OT provides increased corrosion protection in lower temperature regions by blocking pores in the oxide layer and oxidizing iron ions. Implementing OT requires a review of the plant, any necessary modifications, chemical cleaning if needed, training, and revising documentation to transition control strategies.
This document provides guidance for inspectors on paints and coatings. It outlines approved coating systems for various applications and services, including internal and external pipe coatings for buried, insulated, and atmospheric exposure conditions. It also provides standards on surface preparation, coating application, thickness measurement, and repair. Inspectors are instructed to follow the coating manufacturer's recommendations and use properly calibrated equipment to ensure coatings meet thickness and cure requirements.
This document provides guidelines for CAD layer standards for mechanical, plumbing and fire protection drawings. It summarizes the SMACNA CAD Standard, which was developed to promote consistency in CAD layer naming and organization. The standard builds upon the National CAD Standard and provides layer naming conventions for elements from various disciplines to allow for efficient sharing and manipulation of data between design professionals using CAD software. It includes recommendations for layer structure, guidelines for layer use, and specific layer names for mechanical, plumbing and fire protection components to facilitate coordination and integration of building information.
The document summarizes the key changes and new features in Version 4.40 of the CAESAR II pipe stress analysis software. Some of the main updates include revised piping codes, addition of the B31.11 code, expanded static load case options, automatic generation of hydrotest load cases, updates to the 3D graphics, and addition of new configuration options. The installation process for Version 4.40 is described, which includes running an installation driver from the included CD-ROM.
DISEÑO SISTEMA DE ROCIADORES AUTOMÁTICOS SEGÚN NORMA NFPA 13.pdfssuser192475
Este documento presenta la agenda de un curso sobre diseño de sistemas de rociadores automáticos según la norma NFPA 13. Incluye definiciones, tipos de rociadores, componentes de un sistema de rociadores, requisitos de diseño, protección de áreas de almacenamiento, planos y cálculos, y una visita de campo. El objetivo es proporcionar los conocimientos mínimos para diseñar e instalar sistemas de rociadores que cumplan con los estándares de seguridad contra incendios.
This document summarizes water treatment methods for cooling towers. It discusses corrosion inhibition, scale inhibition, and bacterial control, which are the three main objectives of water treatment. For each objective, it describes the causes of problems, prevention methods, and common chemical and physical treatment methods. It also covers water treatment system controls and monitoring, occupational safety considerations, and definitions of key terms related to water treatment. The intended audience includes cooling tower owners, designers, and operators to help them properly design, operate, and maintain water treatment systems for cooling towers.
Sandvik 254 SMO is a high-alloy austenitic stainless steel with excellent resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. It has higher strength than conventional austenitic stainless steels and good weldability. The document provides details on the chemical composition, forms, mechanical and physical properties, corrosion resistance, heat treatment, and welding of Sandvik 254 SMO.
Reformer Tube design principles
- Larsen Miller Plot
- Larsen Miller & Tube Design
- Design Margins - Stress Data Used
- Max Allowable & Design Temperature
- Tube Life
- Effect of Temperature on Life
- Material Types
HK40: 25 Cr / 20 Ni
HP Modified: 25 Cr / 35 Ni + Nb
Microalloy: 25 Cr / 35 Ni + Nb + Ti
- Alloy Developments
- Comparison of Alloys
Manufacturing Technology
- Welds
Failure mechanisms
- Failure Mechanisms - Creep
- Creep Propagation
- Common Failure Modes
- Uncommon Failure Modes
- Failure by Creep
- Creep Rupture - Cross Section
- Failure at Weld
Actions to Take if Tube Fails
- Pigtail Nipping
Inspection techniques
Classification of Problems
- Visual Examination
- Girth Measurement
- Ultrasonic Attenuation
- Radiography
Eddy Current Measurement
LOTIS Tube Inspection
LOTIS Compared to External Inspection
1) The document is a summary of a webinar about engineered pipe supports provided by Piping Technology & Products, Inc (PT&P).
2) It discusses different types of variable and constant spring supports, how to size, select, install, and maintain them.
3) The webinar provides guidance on inspection criteria and procedures for repairs, replacements, and isolating pipe systems during maintenance.
Hi-Fog is a water mist extinguishing system specially designed to be installed and used on places where no other extinguishing system is allowed, effective or practical to be installed.
API 570 provides guidance for inspecting, repairing, altering, and rerating in-service piping systems. It covers metallic and FRP piping systems used in process facilities for fluids like petroleum products, gases, and hazardous materials. The document establishes requirements for inspection plans, examining piping and components, evaluating inspection data, making repairs, and setting inspection intervals. It aims to ensure the safe operation of in-service piping by maintaining its structural integrity over time.
This document provides technical information about pipe friction factors, Manning numbers, and pressure losses for polyethylene and polypropylene pipes of various diameters. It includes a flow monogram that lists the average water quantity, flow velocity, and pressure loss for different pipe diameters from 35 mm to 100 mm. Additional pressure losses that must be added are also specified for elbows, tees, reducers, and bends in the piping depending on the radius of the elbow.
This document presents a back-corona discharge model for predicting the efficiency and voltage-current characteristics of electrostatic precipitators. The model accounts for factors like the back-corona inception level current density, voltage-current characteristics under normal, moderate, and severe back-corona conditions. It also models how back-corona effects particle layer resistivity and the collection efficiency loss due to positive particle charging and voltage drop across the particle layer. The model is implemented in a program that can be used to simulate and compute the efficiency.
The document summarizes key aspects of PHMSA's Mega Rule Parts 2 and 3 regarding corrosion control requirements for gas gathering and transmission pipelines. Part 2 focuses on gas gathering and establishes new reporting requirements and compliance standards for Type R and Type C gathering lines. Part 3 addresses deficiencies in cathodic protection, external corrosion control monitoring and surveys, and managing electrical interference currents for gas transmission pipelines. The timeline notes Parts 1, 2, and 3 will be effective between 2020-2023, with compliance dates ranging from 2023-2035.
The new section 192.607 defines requirements for verifying material properties and attributes of onshore steel transmission pipelines. Operators must maintain traceable, verifiable, and complete records for the life of the pipeline. The rule requires developing procedures to verify unverified material information through destructive or non-destructive testing. It also establishes sampling programs for pipelines with incomplete data to test for properties like minimum yield strength. The impacts are moderate, as operators will need to update practices to comply with the new verification and record keeping standards.
The document summarizes key aspects of PHMSA's final rule for gas transmission pipelines, including:
- Several new definitions are added around engineering critical assessments and moderate consequence areas.
- Requirements are added around material records retention, pipe design records, and component records that must now be kept for the life of the pipeline.
- MAOP establishment and reconfirmation has new requirements, including increasing the Class 1 safety factor from 1.1 to 1.25 and developing procedures to reconfirm MAOP for pipelines lacking complete records or in high consequence areas. Pipelines must complete 50% of reconfirmations by 2028 and 100% by 2035.
New Rulemakings: What Can We Expect - Gary Krichaunacetwincities
The final rule expands requirements for gas transmission pipelines related to in-line inspections, records documentation, MAOP reconfirmation, and integrity assessments. Key aspects include incorporating new in-line inspection standards, requiring records of additional material properties, expanding the definition of moderate consequence areas, and outlining six methods for operators to reconfirm MAOP. The rule is expected to drive the need for additional in-line inspections, material verification testing, engineering analyses, and planned pressure test or assessment work over the next 15 years to meet reconfirmation deadlines. Additional rulemakings are anticipated to address repair criteria, corrosion control, and other integrity management topics.
This document discusses the design and construction of new pipelines for compliance, integrity, and corrosion prevention. It covers safety statistics from 2017-2020 showing zero recordable incidents. The agenda discusses jurisdictional analysis to determine pipeline regulations, high consequence area analysis, emergency flow restriction devices, geohazard analysis, leak detection capability analysis, AC interference modeling, cathodic protection design, risk analysis, and installation and commissioning of cathodic protection and AC mitigation systems.
City gas distribution- Complete OverviewUjjwal Rao
This document provides an overview of city gas distribution systems. It discusses what city gas distribution is, the basic concepts of distribution systems including developing pipeline networks and maintaining different pressure levels. It outlines the key steps in designing distribution systems such as demand estimation, network design, and route surveys. The document also covers system components including city gate stations, pipelines, regulating stations, meters, and CNG stations. It concludes by discussing applicable codes, standards, and regulations for city gas distribution.
13 the acceptance of newer measurement technologies by global regulators (cam...Pilar Cortes
This document discusses newer measurement technologies and the challenges global regulators face in adopting them. It focuses on ultrasonic liquid meters and cone-type differential pressure meters. Ultrasonic meters have advantages but regulators must develop standards and accept the technology. Cone meters are used by Pemex for allocation but design improvements could improve performance. Regulators consider factors like fiscal standards, accuracy, and reliability when accepting new technologies. Standards groups like API and ISO involving industry and regulators are important to acceptance.
The client was producing 20 MMscf/d of natural gas but several new wells increased production potential by 4 MMscf/d. However, the existing gas gathering and compression system could not accommodate the full increase. GCC performed an audit of the system and modeled pipeline and compressor equipment. This identified modifications to allow production of the new capacity of 30 MMscf/d along with additional future capacity. GCC's redesign of the gathering system and reallocation of compression resources allowed the client to maintain 30 MMscf/d production while reducing annual costs by $800,000.
This document discusses the importance of proper compaction for asphalt pavements. It notes that poor compaction can reduce the cracking life of pavements by 10-15% for every 1% increase in air voids above specification limits. It recommends specifying compaction through density requirements rather than just compaction methods. Meeting density targets can double a pavement's life by reducing cracking and moisture damage. The document provides resources on techniques to achieve good compaction and its benefits for pavement performance and sustainability.
Learn about The PHMSA Hazardous Liquid Pipelines Mega Rule Part (1) revisions and new requirements. Discover what the new rule means for pipeline operators.
SCT an Advanced Pipeline Integrity SolutionBrett Payton
The SCT Technique fills the gap in the armory of integrity engineers when assessing the condition of difficult to inspect pipelines and is being referred to as a "game changer" by many individuals in the industry.
At the CalAPA Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference held Oct. 27, 2022 in Sacramento, a presentation on compaction of Asphalt Pavements was delivered by DingXin Cheng PhD, Director California Pavement Preservation Center (CP2). Pavement performance requires a proper compaction of the asphalt mixture. Our partners at CCPIC will provide an overview of the importance of pavement compaction and an overview of the roles of contractors and agency representatives to maximize the performance of the pavement.
This document provides an overview of corrosion monitoring and assessment requirements for pipelines. It discusses regulatory requirements for external, internal, and atmospheric corrosion control. The document reviews various assessment methods including test point assessments, rectifier assessments, close interval surveys, direct current voltage gradients, bond assessments, isolation assessments, alternating current assessments, and visual inspections. It also discusses data collection and record keeping requirements. The presentation aims to help identify gaps in corrosion control programs and plan future assessments to achieve regulatory compliance.
Presentations delivered at a statewide technical committee on June 3, 2020 hosted by the California Asphalt Pavement Association. The presentations covered new Caltrans test methods and a presentation by the FHWA on asphalt pavement forensic studies.
Learn about The PHMSA Hazardous Liquid Pipelines Mega Rule Part (1) revisions and new requirements. Discover what the new rule means for pipeline operators.
State of the Art of Multi-Unit Residential Building Airtightness: Test Procedures, Performance, and Industry Involvement
Outline:
- Airtightness Test Procedures & Equipment
- Worldwide Regulatory Requirements & Targets for Airtightness
- Airtightness of Multi-Unit Residential Buildings
- Air Barrier Systems
- Industry Preparedness for Airtightness Testing
The document summarizes the key aspects of ASME Section IX (Ed. 2019), which contains requirements for welding procedure and performance qualifications. It discusses the history and timeline of ASME standards development. It also provides an overview of the various articles within ASME Section IX, including Article I on general welding requirements, Article II on welding procedure qualification, Article III on welding performance qualification, and Article IV on welding data. Key terms like essential variables, P-numbers, F-numbers, and A-numbers used for material grouping are also defined in the document.
This short presentation provides updates relative to EPCRA's Tier II reporting, EPA's multi-sector general permit (MSGP) for stormwater discharge, aboveground and underground storage tank rules as well as industrial wastewater discharge changes. It focuses on Massachusetts requirements but may be helpful for the regulated community in the US.
This document provides an overview of renewable natural gas (RNG) production from sources like landfills and wastewater treatment plants. It discusses the background and reasons for increased interest in high-BTU RNG projects. Various biogas upgrading technologies like PSA, membranes, water scrubbing and cryogenics are described along with their pros and cons. Potential revenue sources for RNG projects like commodity sales, renewable fuel credits, and carbon offset markets are also outlined. The presentation concludes with a discussion of common site layouts, potential pitfalls, and contact information for the presenters.
The upcoming 2013 Title-24 Building Efficiency Standards were approved by the California Energy Commission on May 9, 2012. The new Title-24 energy code incorporates significant changes that will affect architects, builders, contractors, energy consultants, and solar PV installers. This class will review the upcoming changes to the energy code and the impact on building design along with compliance strategies that will allow you to comply with the new, stricter energy code cost effectively.
Mark Madison is a Certified Energy Plans Examiner, Certified Energy Analyst, HERS rater, and serves on the board of directors of the California Association of Building Energy Analysts (CABEC).
Similar to PHMSA Final Rule Gas Gathering Line Regulation (20)
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
2. OVERVIEW
Gas Gathering
Transports gas from production
to transmission or distribution
API RP80 and §192.8 define
start and end points
Currently Regulated
Type A: High Pressure
Class 2-4
Type B: Low Pressure
Class 2-4
Class 1 is exempt from Parts
§191 and §192
3. AGENDA
When is the gas gathering rule effective?
What’s in the gas gathering rule?
• Clarification of “incidental gathering”
• Documenting methodology by which operator determined the
beginning and end points of each onshore gathering pipeline it
operates
• Reporting–regulated gathering requirements (Type R lines)
• Regulation of large diameter, high pressure gathering lines (Type
C lines)
• Composite material use in Type C lines
Q&A
4. WHEN IS THE RULE EFFECTIVE?
One Year From Effective Date with a Few Exceptions
TICK
TOCK
Publication Date – November 15, 2021
Effective Date – May 16, 2022
5. BOTTOM LINE UP FRONT
How Will the New Rule Affect Me?
Provision Scope Estimated Mileage
Reporting (Incident, annual) Part 191 All gathering >400,000 miles
Design, construction, initial inspection and
testing
All new and replaced Type C (diameter≥ 8.625”)
New and replaced
only
Damage Prevention § 192.614 All Type C (diameter≥ 8.625”) 90,863 miles
Emergency plans § 192.615 All Type C (diameter≥ 8.625”) 90,863 miles
Public awareness § 192.616
Diameter 8.625” through 16” with a PIR exception
All Type C with a diameter> 16”
20,336 miles
Line markers § 192.707
Diameter 8.625” through 16” with a PIR exception
All Type C with a diameter> 16”
20,336 miles
Corrosion control. Subpart I to part 192
Diameter 8.625” through 16” with a PIR exception
All Type C with a diameter> 16”
20,336 miles
Leakage survey and repairs
§§ 192.703, 192.706
Diameter 8.625” through 16” with a PIR exception
All Type C with a diameter> 16”
20,336 miles
Maximum allowable operation pressure §
192.619
Diameter >12.75” through 16” with a PIR exception
All Type C with a diameter> 16”
13,760 miles
Plastic pipe requirements
Diameter >12.75” through 16” with a PIR exception
All Type C with a diameter> 16”
13,760 miles
6. WHAT’S IN THE RULE?
§ 191.1 - Scope
What’s New?
(a) Requires incident, SRC, annual, operators registry and other
reporting for gas storage facilities and:
• Type R gathering lines (Annual 7100.2-1, Incident 7100.2-2)
• Type C gathering lines (Annual7100.2-3, Incident 7100.2)
Key Exceptions
191.22 (b) (c) and 191.23 exemptions
Midstream Impact - Varies
How many new regulated miles do you potentially have?
Automated annual reporting?
7. WHAT’S IN THE RULE?
§ 191.3 - Definitions
What’s New?
Regulated onshore gathering pipeline
• Type A, Type B or Type C gas gathering line that complies with
§192.8
Reporting regulated gathering pipeline
• Type R gas gathering line as determined in §192.8
• Subject only to part 191 requirements
Key Exceptions
None
Midstream Impact – Varies
Class location/PIR analysis for all gathering lines (Type C)
Identify/map unregulated gathering systems (Type R)
8. WHAT’S IN THE RULE?
§ 191.15 – Incident Reports
What’s New?
Form for Type R gathering line incidents
May 16, 2022 – Begin incident report submittals
Key Exceptions
None
Midstream Impact - Varies
Personnel training
Report submissions
9. WHAT’S IN THE RULE?
§ 191.17 – Annual Report
What’s New?
(a)(2) Annual reporting for Type R gathering lines
March 15, 2023 - 2022 annual reporting required
Key Exceptions
None
Midstream Impact - Varies
Personnel training
Report submissions
10. WHAT’S IN THE RULE?
§ 191.23 – Reporting Safety Related Conditions (SRC)
What’s New?
(b)(1) Exempts Type R gathering lines from SRC reporting
Key Exceptions
None
Midstream Impact
None
11. WHAT’S IN THE RULE?
§ 191.29 – National Pipeline Mapping System (NPMS)
What’s New?
(c) Clarifies that NPMS submittal does not apply to gathering lines
Key Exceptions
None
Midstream Impact
None
12. WHAT’S IN THE RULE?
§ 192.3 – Definitions
What’s New?
Composite materials means materials used to make pipe or
components manufactured with a combination of either steel
and/or plastic and with a reinforcing material to maintain its
circumferential or longitudinal strength.
Key Exceptions
None
Midstream Impact
Varies
13. WHAT’S IN THE RULE?
§ 192.8 – How Are Gathering Lines Determined?
What’s New?
(a)(5) 10 mile limit on “incidental gathering” pipelines
IG lines > 10 mile length will be considered transmission
Required day final rule effective, May 16, 2022
Key Exceptions
Not retroactive to existing gathering systems
Midstream Impact - Moderate
Desktop analysis for new, replaced, or repaired gathering systems
14. WHAT’S IN THE RULE?
§ 192.8 – How Are Gathering Lines Determined? (Cont.)
What’s New?
(b) Document the start and end points for all gathering systems
Maintain records for the life of the pipeline
Effective 6 months from date of final rule, Nov 16, 2022
Key Exceptions
Alternate deadline may be considered by PHMSA
Notify PHMSA no later than 90 days prior to deadline
Midstream Impact - Moderate
API RP80 analysis for all gathering lines
Requires asset inventory for all gathering
15. WHAT’S IN THE RULE?
§ 192.8 – How Are Gathering Lines Determined? (Cont.)
What’s New?
(c) Type R
• Non-regulated gathering lines
Type C
• Regulated gathering lines
• OD ≥ 8.625” and any of the following:
◦ MAOP > 20% of SMYS (steel)
◦ MAOP > 125 psig (steel, incomplete records)
◦ MAOP > 125 psig (non-metallic)
Key Exceptions
None
Midstream Impact - High
New regulated gathering mileage that requires compliance
16. WHAT’S IN THE RULE?
§ 192.9 – What Requirements Apply to Type C Gathering Lines?
What’s New?
“Building intended for human occupancy” (BIFHO) or “other impacted site”
• Includes homes, office buildings, factories, outside recreation areas,
plant facilities, etc.,
• Playgrounds, recreation areas, outdoor theaters, or other place of public
assembly that is occupied by 20 or more persons on at least 5 days a
week for 10 weeks in any 12 month period; or
• Any portion of the paved surface, including shoulders, of a designated
interstate, other freeway or expressway as well as any other principal
arterial roadway with 4 or more lanes, as defined by the FHA
Key Exceptions
None
Midstream Impact - Moderate
Identify all BIFHO’s and other impacted sites
17. WHAT’S IN THE RULE?
§ 192.9 – What Requirements Apply to Type C Gathering Lines?
What’s New?
(e)(1) OD ≥ 8.625” (90,000 miles)
• New, replaced, relocated, otherwise modified, converted or
reclassified gathering line
◦ Subparts B through G and Subpart J
◦ Subpart I – Corrosion Control (Steel)
• Damage prevention, emergency planning, public awareness, line
markers, leakage surveys, leak repairs
(e)(2) 12.75” < OD ≤ 16” (20,000 miles) or OD > 16” (14,000 miles)
• All of the above plus:
◦ Document MAOP (§192.619 (a) or (c)) and maintain records for
life of pipeline
◦ Comply with applicable requirements for plastic
pipe/components
18. WHAT’S IN THE RULE?
§ 192.9 – What Requirements Apply to Type C Gathering Lines?
Key Exceptions
OD ≤ 16” and contains a PIR/class location unit exception
Not applicable to pipeline lengths ≤ 40 ft.
Midstream Impact - High
(g)(4) Compliance achieved within one year of final rule
(5) If change in class location, dwelling density or increase in MAOP
cause pipeline to meet Type C definition, compliance required within
a year of the change.
19. WHAT’S IN THE RULE?
§ 192.9 – What Requirements Apply to Type C Gathering Lines?
Outside diameter
Not located near a building
intended for human occupancy or
other impacted site (§ 192.9(f))
Located near a building intended for
human occupancy or other impacted
site (§ 192.9(f))
Greater than or equal to
8.625 inches up to and
including 12.75 inches
• Design, construction, initial
testing (new/replaced
/relocated/changed lines)
• Damage prevention
• Emergency plans
• Design, construction, initial testing
(new/replaced/relocated /changed
lines)
• Corrosion control
• Damage prevention
• Emergency plans
• Line Markers
• Leakage surveys
Greater than 12.75 inches
up to and including 16
inches
• Design, construction, initial
testing (new/replaced
/relocated/changed lines)
• Damage prevention
• Emergency plans
All Type C requirements
Greater than16 inches All Type C requirements All Type C requirements
20. WHAT’S IN THE RULE?
§ 192.9 – What Requirements Apply to Type C Gathering Lines?
What’s New?
(h) Requirements for use of composite materials in Type C gathering
lines
• Comply with subpart B – G and subpart J requirements applicable
to transmission lines.
• Notify PHMSA (Onerous Process)
Key Exceptions
None
Midstream Impact
Varies
Except:
- Reporting
+ Incident Report Events after May 16, 2022
+ Annual report submittal effective March 15, 2023
Identify Type C Lines – Nov 16, 2022
192.9 Compliance – May 16, 2023
MAOP Lookback – 5 year period ending May 16, 2023
This part prescribes requirements for the reporting of incidents, safety-related conditions, annual pipeline summary data, National Operator Registry information, and other miscellaneous conditions by operators of underground natural gas storage facilities and natural gas pipeline facilities located in the United States or Puerto Rico, including underground natural gas storage facilities and pipelines within the limits of the Outer Continental Shelf as that term is defined in the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (43 U.S.C. 1331). This part applies to offshore gathering lines (except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section) and to onshore gathering lines, including Type R gathering lines as determined in § 192.8 of this chapter.
2. Sections 191.22(b), 191.22(c), and 191.23 do not apply to the onshore gathering of gas—
(1) Through a pipeline that operates at less than 0 psig (0 kPa);
(2) Through a pipeline that is not a regulated onshore gathering pipeline; or
(3) Within inlets of the Gulf of Mexico, except for the requirements in § 192.612.
PHMSA adopted to the industry recommendation to define the new gathering line type as “Type C”
PHMSA adopted the industry recommendation to adapt the “reporting-gathering” incident report to be fit for purpose
1. PHMSA adopted the industry recommendation to exempt “reporting-regulated” lines from SRC reporting
1. PHMSA adopted the industry recommendation to adapt the “reporting-gathering” incident report to be fit for purpose
1. PHMSA adopted the industry recommendation to clarify that NPMS is not applicable to gathering
1. PHMSA adopted the industry recommendation to formally recognize composite materials not currently accepted by code
1. PHMSA limits new incidental gathering from to 10 miles; which is less than the 20 miles adopted in RP 1182, but much better than PHMSA’s original proposal of 10 miles. PHMSA acknowledges that the 10-mile limit is only applied to new lines and is not retroactive to existing incidental gathering lines greater than 10 miles.
1. 6 months may be a tight timeframe for some companies to identify begin and end points for 10s of thousands of miles of gathering lines.
(3) For purposes of this section, the term “building intended for human occupancy or other impacted site” means any of the following:
(i) Any building that may be occupied by humans, including homes, office buildings factories, outside recreation areas, plant facilities, etc.;
(ii) a small, well-defined outside area (such as a playground, recreation area, outdoor theater, or other place of public assembly) that is occupied by 20 or more persons on at least 5 days a week for 10 weeks in any 12-month period (the days and weeks need not be consecutive); or
(iii) any portion of the paved surface, including shoulders, of a designated interstate, other freeway, or expressway, as well as any other principal arterial roadway with 4 or more lanes, as defined in the Federal Highway Administration's Highway Functional Classification Concepts, Criteria and Procedures, Section 3.1 (see: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/processes/statewide/related/highway_functional_classifications/fcauab.pdf).
1. Generally, this section is reasonable. It provides for basic requirements for certain pipelines over 8” and also provides for some good exemptions from provision that may not be as important where there are no receptors.
HOWEVER, there is a major concern around the leak survey requirements because:
It applies a more stringent standard to Class 1 gathering lines than is applied to Class 1 transmission lines; and
May circumvent the express will of Congress as expressed in PIPES 2020 Section 113.
Currently, 192.706 only requires leakage surveys to use “leak detector equipment” when transporting un-odorized gas in Class 3 and Class 4 locations. However, un-odorized transmission lines in class 1 and 2 locations may conduct leakage surveys by other means (e.g. vegetation surveys). The final rule would require a more stringent leakage survey than is required of similarly located transmission lines.
Section 113 of the PIPES Act of 2020 requires that PHMSA promulgate regulations requiring “leak detection and repair programs” using “commercially available advanced technologies” (i.e. leak detector equipment). However, Congress specifically omitted Class 1 regulated gathering lines from this requirement. This new rule appears to circumvent Congress’ express will to not apply such leak detection and repair requirements to Class 1 regulated gathering lines (i.e. Type C).
2. Industry recommended a PIR exemption; however, I have concern about the definition of a “building intended for human occupancy”. As discussed in depth during the RP 1182 deliberations, many operators have “personnel shacks” located at their pipeline stations which are provided to allow operator personnel to get out of the elements while periodically at the station. These are often only periodically used for a few hours a week (not a full time office). RP 1182 recognized that these types of “shacks” should not be the sole reason that a gathering line is excluded from using the PIR exemption; however, the rule as published would make it so.
Preamble
The class-location unit moves along the pipeline, and if the sliding mile contains a building intended for human occupancy or other impacted site at any point during the mile's movement, then the exception in paragraph (f) does not apply for the entire mile of pipeline contained within the sliding mile.
…..
PHMSA expects that the class location unit method will result in fewer miles of gathering lines being covered by the § 192.9 exception in almost all circumstances because the additional requirements will apply for a mile on each side of a building intended for human occupancy or other impacted site.
Revise new regulation to be consistent with existing and allow 24 months to comply with the new requirements
Existing Rule
192.611 Change in Class Location
…..
192.611(d) Confirmation or revision of the maximum allowable operating pressure that is required as a result of a study under § 192.609 must be completed within 24 months of the change in class location. Pressure reduction under paragraph (a) (1) or (2) of this section within the 24-month period does not preclude establishing a maximum allowable operating pressure under paragraph (a)(3) of this section at a later date.
1. Generally, this section is reasonable. It provides for basic requirements for certain pipelines over 8” and also provides for some good exemptions from provision that may not be as important where there are no receptors.
HOWEVER, there is a major concern around the leak survey requirements because:
It applies a more stringent standard to Class 1 gathering lines than is applied to Class 1 transmission lines; and
May circumvent the express will of Congress as expressed in PIPES 2020 Section 113.
Currently, 192.706 only requires leakage surveys to use “leak detector equipment” when transporting un-odorized gas in Class 3 and Class 4 locations. However, un-odorized transmission lines in class 1 and 2 locations may conduct leakage surveys by other means (e.g. vegetation surveys). The final rule would require a more stringent leakage survey than is required of similarly located transmission lines.
Section 113 of the PIPES Act of 2020 requires that PHMSA promulgate regulations requiring “leak detection and repair programs” using “commercially available advanced technologies” (i.e. leak detector equipment). However, Congress specifically omitted Class 1 regulated gathering lines from this requirement. This new rule appears to circumvent Congress’ express will to not apply such leak detection and repair requirements to Class 1 regulated gathering lines (i.e. Type C).
2. Industry recommended a PIR exemption; however, I have concern about the definition of a “building intended for human occupancy”. As discussed in depth during the RP 1182 deliberations, many operators have “personnel shacks” located at their pipeline stations which are provided to allow operator personnel to get out of the elements while periodically at the station. These are often only periodically used for a few hours a week (not a full time office). RP 1182 recognized that these types of “shacks” should not be the sole reason that a gathering line is excluded from using the PIR exemption; however, the rule as published would make it so.
Preamble
The class-location unit moves along the pipeline, and if the sliding mile contains a building intended for human occupancy or other impacted site at any point during the mile's movement, then the exception in paragraph (f) does not apply for the entire mile of pipeline contained within the sliding mile.
…..
PHMSA expects that the class location unit method will result in fewer miles of gathering lines being covered by the § 192.9 exception in almost all circumstances because the additional requirements will apply for a mile on each side of a building intended for human occupancy or other impacted site.
Notification is made to PHMSA at least 90 days prior to installing new or replacement pipe or components made of composite materials otherwise not authorized for use in Type C gathering pipelines
Include beginning and end points of the segment containing composite pipe
General description of the ROW including HCAs
Relevant pipeline design and construction information including the year of installation
Relevant operating information including MAOP, leak and failure history, pressure test info
Explanation of the circumstances that the operator believes make the use of composite pipeline material appropriate and how the design, construction, operations, and maintenance will mitigate safety and environmental risks
Explanation of procedures and tests that will be conducted periodically over the life of the composite material to document that its strength is being maintained
Operations and maintenance procedures that will be applies to the alternative material
An explanation of how the use of composite pipeline material would be in the public interest and
Certification signed by a vice president of the operator’s company that operation of the applicant's pipeline using composite pipeline material would be consistent with pipeline safety