Philosophy of Science includes Foundation(Empiricism, Rationalism, Naturalism, Materialism), Method(Scientific method, Evidence, Falsifiability, Reproducibility), and Conclusion (Theory, Law, Science)

1. Prepared by: Lyzbeth A. Nicasio
Mats

2. Philosophy of Science
FOUNDATION
1. Empiricism
2. Rationalism
3. Naturalism
4. Materialism
METHOD
1. Scientific Method
 a posteriori
 a priori
2. Evidence
3. Falsifiability
4. Reproducibility
CONCLUSION
1. Theory
2. Law
3. Science

3. “Philosophy of science is about
as useful to scientists as
ornithology is to bird”
-attribute to Richard Feynman

4. Is a branch of formal
philosophy dedicated to
questions about science
and scientific method.

5. It is not an attempt to “do”
science, but to ask questions
about why and how science
is done and why it may be a
good method

6. It also deals with the
nature of knowledge –
what constitutes
knowledge and how it
affects science

7. “

9. “ I believe in evidence. I believe in
observation, measurement and reasoning,
confirmed by independent observers. I’ll
believe anything no matter how wild and
ridiculous, if there is evidence for it. The
wilder and more ridiculous something is,
however, the firm and more solid the
evidence will have to be.

10. “ do not believe in anything simply because you have
heard it. Do not believe in anything simply because
it is spoken and rumored by many. Do not believe
in anything simply because it is found written in
your religious books. Do not believe in anything
merely on the authority of your teachers and
elders. Do not believe in traditions because they
have been handed down for many generations.
But after observation and analysis, when you find
that anything agrees with reasons and is
conducive to the good and benefits of one and all
then accept it and live up to it”
- The Buddha

11. It is a philosophical school holding that
knowledge can only gain from sensory
experience. Accordingly, it rejects any (or
much) use of Priori reasoning of the
gathering of the analysis of knowledge.
Along with rationalism, it is the
fundamental philosophy behind science
and the scientific method.

14. Is a philosophy in which a high regard is
given to reason (specifically logic) and to
empirical observation.
From strict philosophical standpoint,
rationalism is the view that all and most
truth is deductive and a priori, deriving
logically from a set of axioms gained by
intuition or inherent knowledge.

18. It is not by its conclusions but by its
methodological starting exclude direct
creation. Our methodology would not be
honest if this fact were denied… such is
the faith in the science of our time, and
which we all share”
C.F. von Weizsacker

19. Is the label for the required
assumption of the
philosophical naturalism
when working with the
scientific method

20. Methodological naturalists limit
their scientific research to the
study of the natural causes,
because any attempt to define
casual relationships with the
supernatural are never fruitful,
and result to the creation of the
scientific “dead ends” and God of
the gap types hypotheses.

24. “ If you came here looking for
obsession with money
and/or things, see
consumerism”

25. Materialism
- is the philosophical instance that “ all that
exist”, or is real, is material – that is, it
consist of the various forms of matter and
energy as we know them , and possibly,
other forms of ‘material” that we just simply
don’t know about yet.

26. Is the philosophical stance that
“all that exist”, or is real, is
material – that is, it consist of the
various form of matter and energy
as we known them, and possibly,
other forms of “materials” that we
just simply know about yet

27. Is the belief or assumption,
that only material matter and
energy exist. For the
ontological materialist
anything immaterial must be
the product of material

28. Is neither a belief nor an
assumption but a restriction
on method. Briefly stated it
holds that anon-material
assumption is not to be
made.

31. “ Science is far from the
perfect instrument of
knowledge. It’s just the best
we have.

32. Is an epistemological system for
deriving and developing knowledge. It
is considered the best method for
making useful and practical additions
to human knowledge about the
physical world, and has resulted in the
technological leaps made in its spread
throughout in the western world.

33. A posteriori
A priori

35. Knowledge gain as a
result of experiences

36. •(“From the later”) is a Latin
phrase used in formal logic (and
philosophy) to denote
knowledge that is derived from
empirical observation
(experience).

38. Something that can be known
without experience or sense
data

39.  (literally “from before”) is the Latin term
use in formal logic ( and philosophy) to
mean a fact that is assumed to be true
prior to any empirical research. A prior
connections are usually reached through
reasoning rather than observation and are
the centerpiece of (philosophical)
rationalism.

40. If Socrates has more wine than
Plato and Plato has more wine
than Aristotle, then Socrates has
more wine than Aristotle
Five is a prime number.
Brother are male siblings.

42. - Is an observation, fact or document
that tends to make more likely the
conclusion which the evidence are
offered to prove.

45. Is the ability of a theory – a working
framework for explaining and
predicting natural phenomena
– to be disproved by an
experiment or observation.

48. Is a key part of the scientific
method and refers to the
possibility of reproducing and
experimental result by a third
party following the same
procedures as the original
experimenter

51. Is a series of statements about the
causal elements for observed
phenomena. A critical component of a
scientific theory is that it provides
explanations and predictions that can
be tested.

53. A statement of fact.
Explains an action or set of actions.
Accepted to be true and universal.
Can be a single mathematical
equation.

54.  Are based on
observations
 Testable explanations
that have not been
proven
 Have evidence to
back the claim
 Are based on FACTS
 Have been PROVEN
 Have evidence and
results to support the
proof

56. “ The good things about science
is that it’s true whether or not
you believe in it”
- Neil deGrasse Tyson

57. Is a system of acquiring
knowledge through use of the
scientific method - that is,
generating hypotheses and
theories through observation
and testing.