This document describes a study to evaluate the anti-ulcer activity of a drug using a pyloric ligation rat model. It outlines the requirements including animal type, drugs to be tested, and equipment needed. It then describes the principle behind gastric acid secretion and ulcer formation. The procedure involves starving rats for 24 hours, ligating the pylorus, administering test compounds, sacrificing the rats, and examining the stomachs to measure ulcer indices, gastric acidity, and percent ulcer protection. Treatment with the standard drug ranitidine is expected to reduce ulceration, acidity, and increase ulcer protection compared to saline control.
Expt. 6 Study of effect of drugs on gastrointestinal motilityVISHALJADHAV100
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Preparation of Tyrode solution
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Result and Interpretation
Expt. 6 Study of effect of drugs on gastrointestinal motilityVISHALJADHAV100
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Preparation of Tyrode solution
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Result and Interpretation
Expt. 9 Effect of atropine on DRC of acetylcholine using rat ileumVISHALJADHAV100
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of ACh and Atropine stock and std. solutions
Preparation of Tyrode solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Calculation
Graphical presentation of CRC/ DRC
Result and interpretation
Expt. 6 Bioassay of histamine using guinea pig ileum by matching methodVISHALJADHAV100
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of histamine standard solution
Preparation of Tyrode solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Calculation
Result and interpretation
Expt. 1 Introduction to in vitro pharmacology and physiological salt solutionsVISHALJADHAV100
Definitions of pharmacology & drug
Aims of experimental pharmacology
Pre-clinical pharmacology
Clinical pharmacology
Types of experiments in pharmacology
Assembly for isolated organ/ tissue related experiments
Recording (writing) levers
Physiological salt solution (PSS)
Introduction
Examples
Composition
Role of ingredients
Precautions in preparation of PSS
Selection of PSS
This power point presentation include the definition of the peptic ulcer, formation of peptic ulcer, regulation of gastric acid secreation, sign and symptomes, etiology of chronic ulceration, acid- pepsin vs mucosal resistance, gastric hyper secreation, disease complication, infection and obstruction, different factors related to acid secreation, classification of drugs used in peptic ulcer animal models in experimental peptic ulcer in both in-vivo and in- vitro
Expt. 8 Effect of physostigmine on DRC of acetylcholine using frog rectus abd...VISHALJADHAV100
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of ACh and Physostigmine stock and std. solutions
Preparation of frog ringer solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Calculation of magnification value (Mf)
Graphical presentation of CRC/ DRC
Result and interpretation
Expt. 10 effect of spasmogens and spasmolytics using rabbit jejunumVISHALJADHAV100
Overview of Discussion
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Drugs and solutions used in rabbit intestine experiment
Preparation of Tyrode solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Result and interpretation
Expt. 7 Bioassay of acetylcholine using rat ileum by four point bioassayVISHALJADHAV100
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of ACh stock and standard solutions
Preparation of frog ringer solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Calculation
Result and interpretation
Expt. 9 Effect of atropine on DRC of acetylcholine using rat ileumVISHALJADHAV100
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of ACh and Atropine stock and std. solutions
Preparation of Tyrode solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Calculation
Graphical presentation of CRC/ DRC
Result and interpretation
Expt. 6 Bioassay of histamine using guinea pig ileum by matching methodVISHALJADHAV100
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of histamine standard solution
Preparation of Tyrode solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Calculation
Result and interpretation
Expt. 1 Introduction to in vitro pharmacology and physiological salt solutionsVISHALJADHAV100
Definitions of pharmacology & drug
Aims of experimental pharmacology
Pre-clinical pharmacology
Clinical pharmacology
Types of experiments in pharmacology
Assembly for isolated organ/ tissue related experiments
Recording (writing) levers
Physiological salt solution (PSS)
Introduction
Examples
Composition
Role of ingredients
Precautions in preparation of PSS
Selection of PSS
This power point presentation include the definition of the peptic ulcer, formation of peptic ulcer, regulation of gastric acid secreation, sign and symptomes, etiology of chronic ulceration, acid- pepsin vs mucosal resistance, gastric hyper secreation, disease complication, infection and obstruction, different factors related to acid secreation, classification of drugs used in peptic ulcer animal models in experimental peptic ulcer in both in-vivo and in- vitro
Expt. 8 Effect of physostigmine on DRC of acetylcholine using frog rectus abd...VISHALJADHAV100
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of ACh and Physostigmine stock and std. solutions
Preparation of frog ringer solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Calculation of magnification value (Mf)
Graphical presentation of CRC/ DRC
Result and interpretation
Expt. 10 effect of spasmogens and spasmolytics using rabbit jejunumVISHALJADHAV100
Overview of Discussion
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Drugs and solutions used in rabbit intestine experiment
Preparation of Tyrode solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Result and interpretation
Expt. 7 Bioassay of acetylcholine using rat ileum by four point bioassayVISHALJADHAV100
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of ACh stock and standard solutions
Preparation of frog ringer solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Calculation
Result and interpretation
Screening method of peptic ulcer disease.pptxTUSHARUNDHAD3
Screening method of peptic ulcer disease.pptx
1.Introduction
2.Causes
3.Symptoms
4.Classification of antiulcer drugs
Screening model
(A) In vitro model
(B) In vivo model
A. IN VITRO MODEL
1. H+/K+ ATPase inhibition assay
2. Tiotidine binding assay
3. Gastrin binding assay
B. In Vivo model
1. Pylorus ligation in rats
2. NSAIDs induced gastric ulcer
3. Ethanol induced gastric ulcer in rats
4. Histamine induced gastric ulcer
5. Acetic acid induced gastric ulcer
6. Cysteamine induced duodenal ulcer
A Brief Introduction to Ulcers: What are ulcers, its causes, and symptoms. Classification of Antiulcer drugs and their adverse effects.
List of all the screening models available for Antiulcer drugs.
Few of the models are explained with their Principle, procedures, Evaluation, and assessment.
Screening models for evaluation of anti ulcer activitySIVASWAROOP YARASI
A sore that develops on the lining of the oesophagus, stomach or small intestine.
Ulcers occur when stomach acid damages the lining of the digestive tract. Common causes include the bacteria H. Pylori and anti-inflammatory pain relievers including aspirin.
Upper abdominal pain is a common symptom.
Treatment usually includes medication to decrease stomach acid production. If it is caused by bacteria, antibiotics may be required.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Expt 3- Antiulcer activity by pyloric ligation method.pdf
1. AIM: Study of Anti-ulcer Activity of Drug using Pyloric
Ligation Rat Model
Presented by:
Prof. Mirza Anwar Baig
Dept of Pharmcology
AIKTC, School of Pharmacy, New Panvel
3. Principle:
Gastric juice is digestive fluid composed of HCL which digest proteins
by activating digestive enzymes.
The gastric mucosal lining is coupled with feedback system to regulate
its secretion.
The gastrin hormone secreted by G cells in gastric antrum act on entero
chromaffin like cells in the gastric corpus to release histamine.
Histamine via H2- receptors stimulates
the parietal cells to secrete gastric acid in
to lumen of stomach.
4. Principle contd:
The cause of gastric ulcers is H. plori, NSAIDs, Crohn’s disease,
hypergastriaemia, hyperthyroidism and ulcerogenic agents like
indomethacin, aspirin, reserpine.
Besides gastric ulcers can be produced by hypothermic restraint stress and
by pyloric ligation rat technique which is a valuable method to evaluate anti
ulcer activity.
5. PROCEDURE:
1. Starved the rats for 24 hours but having acess to drinking water.
2. During this time, they are to be housed single in cages with raised bottom
of wide wire mesh in order to avoid connibalism and coprophagy.
3. 10 animals to be used per dose and as controls. Under ether anesthesia an
midline abdominal incision has to be made.
4. The pylorus to be ligated, care has to exercised that neither damage to the
blood supply nor traction on the pylorus.
5. Grasping the stomach with instruments is to be meticulously avoided, else
ulceration will invariably develop at such points.
6. PROCEDURE CONTD:
6. The abdominal wall to be closed by sutures. The test compounds to be
given either orally by gavage or injected subcutaneously.
7. The animals have to be placed for 19 hours in plastic cylinders with an
inner diameter of 45 mm being closed on both ends by wire mesh.
8. Afterwards, the animals to be sacrificed under CO2 anesthesia.
9. The abdomen to be opened and a ligature to be placed around the
esophagus close to the diaphragm.
10. The stomach has to be removed, and the contents are to be drained in to a
centrifuge tube.
11. Along the greater curvature the stomach has to be opened and pinned on a
cork plate.
7. PROCEDURE CONTD:
12. The mucosa to be examined with help of a stereomicroscope. In the rat, the
upper two fifths of the stomach form the rumen with squamous epithelium
and possess little protective mechanisms against the corrosive action of
gastric juice.
13. Below a limiting ridge, in the glandular portion of the stomach, the
protective mechanisms are better in the mucosa of the medium two fifths of
the stomach that in the lowest part , forming the antrum. Therefore, lesions
occur mainly in the lumen and in the antrum.
14. The number of ulcer to be noted and the severity to be recorded with the
following scores:
0= no ulcer
1= superficial ulcers
2= deep ulcers
3= perforation
10. PROCEDURE CONTD:
• The volume of the gastric content to be measured. After centrifugation acidity
is determined by titration with 0.1N NaOH.
• Evaluation:
Ulcerative Index = (UN+US+UP)/10
UN is average number of ulcer per animal
US is Average severity score
UP is Percentage of animals with ulcer
Formula for calculating % ulcer protection:
% ulcer protection = Ulcer index in control- Ulcer index in test x 100
Ulcer index in Control
For Acidity:
Acidity = Volume of NaOH x Normality x 100 x m.Eq/l/100g
0.1