EXPERIMENTAL LABORATORY ANIMALS

1. LABORATORY ANIMALS
BY
SADHANA.G
1ST YEAR M.PHARM
DEPARMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY
ARULMIGU KALASALINGAM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

2. EXPERIMENTAL
PHARMACOLOGY
• Deals with effect of various pharmacological
agents studied on different species.
AIMS
Find out the therapeutic agent suitable for the human use.
Study the toxicity of the drugs
Study the mechanism and the site of action of the drugs

3. LABORATORY ANIMAL
Laboratory animal are generally defined as any vertebrate
animal produced for [or] used in research, testing or teaching.
C0MMON LABORATORY ANIMAL
Rabbit
Guinea pig
Rat
Mouse

4. MOUSE [MICE] MUS MUSCULUS
• Smallest
• Easy to handle
• Can be easily maintain
• Small dose drug required
STRAIN:
 SWISS ALBINO MICE
 BALB /C
 C-57
Swiss albino mice
C-57
Balb/C

5. BIOLOGICAL DATA
i. Typical adult weight: 20-40g
ii. Average life span: 1.5-2.5 years
iii. Gestation period: 19-21 days
iv. Average litter size: 5-7
PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA
i. Heart rate: 330-780 beats/min
ii. Respiratory rate: 84-230/min
iii. Tidal volume: 0.1 -0.23ml
iv. Daily food intake: 4-5g

6. NUDE MOUSE:
Hairless genetic mutant
Thymus absent
T-Lymphocyte- Tissue immunity and transplantation research
BLOOD COLLECTION
Blood collection requiring anesthesia
Tail vein
Tail snip
Orbital sinus
Jugular vein
Blood collection not requiring anesthesia
Saphenous vein
Dorsal pedal vein

7. HANDLING OF MICE
• An assistant take a grip on the middle of tail of the animal with the left hand and
gently raises the hind limbs floor of the cage.
• A Mouse held in the position cannot turns around the bite.
• Then the finger and the thumb a fold of skin is taken up dose as possible to the
head.
• The animal can now be lifted into Your text here
• inconvenient position for the operator to carry simple inoculation procedure.
• Place the animals in a rough surface and hold it by tail with right hand.
• Then pick up loose skin at the base of neck with left forefinger and thumb.
• Lift and turn the left hand palm uppermost at the same time catching the tail and
pressing it against the palm with left finger.
• Right hand is free to pick up the syringe.

8. EXPERIMENTAL USES
Teratogenicity studies
Bioassay of insulin
Screening of
Analgesic activity
Anti convulsant activity
Chemotherapeutic agents
Studies related to genetics and cancer research
Toxicological studies

9. RAT [RATTUS NORVEGIUS]
• Albino rat
STRAINS:
Wistar rat
Long Evans rat
Sprague dawely
Zucker rat

10. WISTAR RAT
 Resistant to infection
 Low incidence of tumour
 Wide head
 Long ears
 Tail length is smaller then
body weight
SPRAGUE DAWLEY
 Rapidly growing
 Longer and narrower
 Long tail
 Low respiratory infection

11. BIOLOGICAL DATA
• Typical adult weight: 250g
• Average life span: 2-3 years
• Gestation period: 21-23 days
• Average litter size: 8-10 days
• Estrous cycle: 4-5 days
PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA
• Heart rate: 300-500 beats
• Respiratory rate: 65-180/min
• Tidal volume: 1-5ml
• Daily food intake: 10-20g

12. BLOOD COLLECTION
Blood collection requiring anesthesia
Tail vein
Orbital sinus
Jugular vein
Blood vessel cannulation
Blood collection not requiring anesthesia
Saphenous vein
Dorsal pedal vein

13. EXPERIMENTAL USES
Study of analgesic and anti convulsant activity.
Study of oestrous cycle, mating behaviour and lactation.
Gastric acid secretion
Hepatoxicity studies
Study of mast cells
Bio assay of hormones
Insulin
oxytocin
Vasopressin

14. RABBIT[ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS]
Docile animal
New zealand white strain
Large, Broad and muscular body.
BIOLOGICAL DATA
Typical adult weight: 1500-5000g
Average life span: 4-6 years
Gestation period: 31 days
Average litter size: 6-8

15. PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA
Daily food intake: 150-300g
Heart rate: 130-300 beats/min
Respiratory rate:38-60 min
Tidal volume :19-24ml
Blood volume: 4-5[%Bw]
BLOOD COLLECTION
• Marginal vein
• Jugular vein
• Orbital sinus
• Cardiac puncture of anesthetized rabbit

16. HANDLING OF RABBIT
• Smooth ear of rabbit on the back.
• Pick up the ears and loose the skin at the back of the neck
with one hand in the firm grip.
• Place the other hand under the hind quarter the weight and
lift gently.
• Should be placed on non slippery surface.
• It restraint is required during anesthesia [or] inoculation ,
should be wrapped in roller towel and placed in special box.

17. EXPERIMENTAL USES
Pyrogen testing
Pharmacokinetic studies
Drug used in Glaucoma
Screening of agents affecting capillary permeability.
Bio assay of Anti diabetic, curve from drugs and sex hormones.
Teratogenicity studies
Study of miotic and mydriatics.
COSMETIC TEST [DRAIZE TEST]
Drug Rabbit eye [or] skin Redness, Irritation and damage

18. GUINEA PIG[CAVIA PORCELLUS]
• Docile animals
• Susceptible to TB and anaphylaxis.
• Highly sensitive to histamine and penicillin.
• Requires exogenous vit c diet.
BIOLOGICAL DATA
Typical adult weight: 800g
Average life span: 3-5 years
Gestation period: 68 days
Average litter size: 3-4

19. PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA
Daily food intake: 40-50g
Heart rate: 260-400 beats/min
Respiratory rate: 70-104/min
Blood volume: 6-12[%BW]
BLOOD COLLECTION
 Simple venesection of marginal vein
 Cardiac puncture and metatarsal veins of anesthetized guinea pig.

20. HANDLING OF GUINEA PIG
• Place one hand across the back of the animal with thumb behind the shoulder and
the other fingers well forward on the opposite side.
• Lift the animal gently and support its weight with other hand placed palm
uppermost under the hind quarters.
EXPERIMENTAL USES
Evaluation of bronchodilators
Anaphylactic and immunological studies
Study of histamine and anti histamine and TB
Bio assay of digitalis
Evaluation of local anesthesia
Hearing experiment study