Chemotherapy of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Chemotherapy of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

• 1.
  Chemotherapy of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Guidedby: Dr. Mahendra Y. Sawant Submitted by: Shubham R. Mantri Roll No. 35
• 2.
  Contents • Definition • Listof Diseases 1. Chlamydia 2. Epdidymitis 3. Gonorrhea 4. HIV/AIDS 5. Syphilis
• 3.
  Sexually Transmitted Diseases •Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that commonly • transmitted by having sex with someone who has the infection. • The causes of STDs are bacteria, parasites and viruses, spirochetes • Most STDs affect both men and women, but in many cases the • health problems they cause can be more severe for women . • If a pregnant woman has an STD, it can cause serious health problems for her baby. • If STDs caused by bacteria or parasites, than it can treat with antibiotics or other medicines. If STD caused by a virus, then there is no cure.
• 4.
  Micro-organism Responsible forSTDs BACTERIA • Chlamydia • Gonorrhea • Vaginitis • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease PARASITES • Crabs • Vaginitis VIRUS • HIV/ AIDS • HepatitiS A,B,C • Herps PROTOZOANS • Trichomoniasis • Vaginitis
• 5.
  Chlamydia • Chlamydia isa common sexually transmitted disease caused by bacteria • Causative Organism:- Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria • Incubation Period:- 7-21 days • Spreading factor:-  Vaginal or anal sex with an infected partner  Oral sex, although this is less common  Sharing sex toys, touching parts of the body with fingers • Sign & Symptoms:- • Chlamydia Symptoms in Women:  An unusual vaginal discharge  Pain or a burning sensation when passing urine  Bleeding between periods  Pain during sex or bleeding after sex  Low abdominal pain sometimes with nausea
• 6.
  • Chlamydia Symptomsin Men:  White/cloudy, watery discharge from the tip of the penis  Pain or a burning sensation when passing urine  Testicular pain and/or swelling • Diagnosis  Urine Test  Swab Test
• 7.
  TREATMENT TREATMENT • Azithromycin 1gm p.o.single dose OR • Doxycycline 100mg BID 7 days ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT • Erythromycin base 500mg QID X 7 days OR • Ofloxacin 300mg BID 7 days OR • Levofloxacin 500mg 7 days PREGNANCY • Doxycycline and Ofloxacin Contraindicated in pregnancy • Repeat testing 3 weeks after completion of treatment Erythromycin base 500mg QID X 7days COMMENTS • Azithromycin best to use if compliance an issue • Doxycycline is less expensive • Erythromycin tends to have more GI side effects; should do TOC 3 weeks after completion of treatment
• 8.
  Epdidymitis • Epididymitis isinflammation of the epididymis (tube stores and carries sperm), which is a tube located at the back of the testicles. • Epididymitis is caused by an infection, usually a bacterial or a sexually transmitted infection. • Causative Organism:- Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. • Incubation Period:- Days to Weeks (depends upon organism) • Spreading Factor :-  In children it is most commonly associated with urinary tract infections  In young, sexually active men  In older men it is often caused by enlargement of the prostate gland
• 9.
  • Sign &Symptoms :-  low-grade fever &chills  Pain & pressure in the pelvic area & testicles  Painful, red and warm and swollen scrotum  Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin  Pain with urination or bowel movements & intercourse and ejaculation  Urgent and frequent urination  Blood in the semen • Diagnosis:-  Complete blood count (CBC)  Doppler ultrasound.  Testicular scan (nuclear medicine scan)  Urine analysis and culture
• 10.
  Treatment TREATMENTS • Ceftriaxone 250mg IM And • Doxycycline 100mg BID X 10 days Or • Ofloxacin 300 mg p.o. BID X 10 days Or • Levofloxacin 500 mg p.o. q day X 10 days COMMENTS • Most often caused by Chlamydia or GC • Should see improvement 3 days after treatment initiated • Use Ofloxacin if Levofloxacin is not likely STD related or allergic to Cephalosporins or Tetracycline
• 11.
  GONORRHEA • Gonorrhea  Itis a bacterial infection which transmitted by sexual contact.  Sometimes referred to as the clap. • Causative Organism:- Neisseria gonorrhea bacteria • Incubation Period:- 2-14 Days • Spreading Factor:-  During vaginal, oral, or anal sex with an infected partner.  A pregnant woman can pass it to her baby during childbirth.
• 12.
  • Sign &Symptoms:- • Gonorrhea Symptoms in Women Strong smelling vaginal discharge that may be thin & watery or thick & yellow/green Irritation or discharge from the anus Abnormal vaginal bleeding Possibly some low abdominal or pelvic tenderness Pain or a burning sensation when passing urine Low abdominal pain sometimes with nausea • Gonorrhea Symptoms in Men White, yellow or green thick discharge from the tip of the penis Inflammation of the testicles & prostate gland Irritation or discharge from the anus Urethral itch & pain or burning sensation when passing urine
• 14.
  • Diagnosis:- • Urinetest • Swab test • Microscopy of sample from urethra
• 15.
  HIV/AIDS • Also called:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS, HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus. • HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It kills or damages the body's immune system cells. AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is the most advanced stage of infection with HIV. • Causative organism:- Human immunodeficiency virus • Incubation Period:- 2 week to 6 month • Spreading Factor:- Through unprotected sex with an infected person. By sharing drug needles or through contact with the blood of an infected person. Women can give it to their babies during pregnancy or childbirth.
• 16.
  Sign and Symptoms: Swollen glands and flu-like symptoms  Fever (this is the most common symptom)  Swollen glands  Sore throat  Rash  Fatigue  Muscle and joint aches and pains  Headache • Diagnosis:- • ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) • Western blot • Rapid or point-of-care tests • CD4 cell count 20
• 17.
  SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• 18.
  TREATMENTS
• 19.
  Syphilis • Syphilis isa sexually transmitted infection caused by the spirochetes. • Causative organism:- Treponema pallidum spirochetes • Incubation period:- 9-90 days • Spreading Factor:-By direct contact with a syphilis sore during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Also spread from an infected mother to her unborn baby • Sign and symptoms:- 1. Primary- Fever, General ill feeling, Loss of appetite, Muscle aches, Joint pain, Swollen lymph nodes, Vision changes, Hair loss 2. Secondary- Moist warts in the groin, white patches on the inside of the mouth, swollen lymph glands, fever, and weight loss 3. Tertiary- Severe problems with the heart, brain, and nerves that can result in paralysis, blindness, dementia, deafness, impotence, and even death.
• 20.
  • Diagnosis:- • Venerealdisease research laboratory (VDRL) test • Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test • Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test • Microhemagglutination assay (MHA-TP) • Treponama pallidum particle agglutination test (TPPA) • Direct testing • TREATMENT: