This document summarizes a seminar on pharmaceutical packaging. It discusses the different types of packaging, including primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging. It outlines World Health Organization guidelines regarding packaging, such as proper storage and control of printed packaging materials. The functions of packaging are described as product identification, protection, and facilitating use. Finally, common materials used in pharmaceutical packaging are listed, including glass, plastics, metals, rubbers, and paper/cardboard.
Packaging companies in Dubai are now emerging as an evolutionary industry which can eventually transform an ordinary food item into luxury. People love to buy items comes in attracting packaging and in most cases they compromise on the quality of food.
Identifying Labeling and Packaging Techniques to Market Your Brand..http://ww...Noel adepoju
Historically, the African market is viewed as a source of valuable natural resources but it has quietly and rapidly became a significant market hub for technical and consumers goods. Hence the topic highlighted the possible options and trends for a brand survival and visibility.
Purpose of packaging, Properties of packaging materials, factors influencing choice of packaging, advantages and disadvantages of packaging materials, glass, and glass containers, metal and metal containers, plastic and plastic containers, films, foils and laminates, rubber based materials, closures, tamper resistant packaging, testing and quality assurance of packaging materials, different packing machine, and accessories, organization of packaging line, labeling.
Packaging companies in Dubai are now emerging as an evolutionary industry which can eventually transform an ordinary food item into luxury. People love to buy items comes in attracting packaging and in most cases they compromise on the quality of food.
Identifying Labeling and Packaging Techniques to Market Your Brand..http://ww...Noel adepoju
Historically, the African market is viewed as a source of valuable natural resources but it has quietly and rapidly became a significant market hub for technical and consumers goods. Hence the topic highlighted the possible options and trends for a brand survival and visibility.
Purpose of packaging, Properties of packaging materials, factors influencing choice of packaging, advantages and disadvantages of packaging materials, glass, and glass containers, metal and metal containers, plastic and plastic containers, films, foils and laminates, rubber based materials, closures, tamper resistant packaging, testing and quality assurance of packaging materials, different packing machine, and accessories, organization of packaging line, labeling.
Packaging is the art of science & technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution , storage, sale & use.
Pharmaceutical packaging can be defined as the economical means of providing presentation, protection, identification, information, convenience compliance, integrity & stability of the product.
Recent Trends in Pharmaceutical Packaging TechnologySUMIT KOLTE
The science, art, and technology of packaging involve confining or safeguarding goods for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Pharma packaging now accounts for a sizable share of the entire Indian medication market. Earlier, it was just concerned with maintaining the integrity of the medication inside. The pharmaceutical sector is the ideal setting for packaging innovation. The majority of sectors use product packaging as a way to protect and preserve goods as well as share marketing and legal information with consumers. Efficiency and intelligence in packaging, including compliance packaging, anti-counterfeit packaging, etc., have more promise in the pharmaceutical industry than in any other sector, if not more so. One of the key goals of pharmaceutical packaging firms is to keep pharmaceuticals safe from youngsters while still being accessible to elders. Self-filling a syringe can be a laborious process that takes a lot of time and increases the risk of incorrect dosages and spills. Self administered medications become more convenient and accurate with the use of prefilled syringes. NFC tags are placed to all packaging so that a customer can touch the code with an NFC-enabled mobile phone and have the audio play back on their device. The pharmacy personnel will also speak the dosage instructions to anyone who is blind or visually challenged. Robotics are typically used to automate manual processes that already exist, such as loading cartoners, horizontal form fill seal machines, or blister machines. In these situations, the benefits include greater speed, efficiency, and equipment efficacy as a whole. Additional benefits could include cheap cost, reduced injury, and eliminating rework. Robots that are incredibly consistent and accurate work around-the-clock and include features like line tracking and vision. Today's pharmaceutical sector is undergoing a lot of changes. The government and patients put pressure on medicine manufacturers to cut costs. Due to the desire for affordable medications, the market's growth has shifted from the beginning to the mature phase. Price reduction results from this. Poor patient compliance is another issue that drives up healthcare costs, and in response, drug producers and investors want to see
significantly lower failure rates and larger returns on investment.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
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Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Unveiling the Energy Potential of Marshmallow Deposits.pdf
Pharmaceutical Packaging, QMS, Sanket Pawar
1. A seminar on,
PHARMACEUTIACL PACKAGING
Submitted to
Savitribai Phule Pune University ,
In Partial fulfilment of Requirements for the Award of
Degree of
MASTER OF PHARMACY
IN
PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE TECHNIQUES
Bhujbal Knowledge City,
MET’S Institute of Pharmacy,
Adgaon, Nashik.
2018-2019
Presented by-
Mr. Sanket D. Pawar.
M.Pharm (PQAT) Sem I
Guided By-
Prof. J. B. Ugale
1
3. Introduction :
Packaging is the science, art and technology of enclosing or
protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use.
Pharmaceutical packaging can be defined as the economical
means of providing presentation, protection, identification ,
information, convenience and stability of the products.
3
4. Types of Packaging :
• Primary packaging : Is the material that first envelops the product
and hold it, And in direct contact with medicinal product. This
usually is the smallest unit of distribution or use. Ex. Aerosol spray
can, blister packs, bottle.
• Secondary packaging : Is outside the primary packaging perhaps
used to group primary package together, And is the material which
direct contact with primary packaging material. Ex. Boxes, cartons.
• Tertiary packaging : It is use to bulk handling and shipping. Ex.
Barrel, containers.
4
5. 1. Printed Packaging Materials : They need to be stored in more
controlled conditions and need to be handle with extra care.
This required because of these materials become a source of
mix-up and misuse, either intentional or unintentional.
Examples – Foils, Cartons, Labels, etc.
2. Unprinted Packaging Materials : All materials which are not
printed when received from the suppliers.
Another Classification of Packaging :
5
6. WHO Guidelines about Packaging
• The purchase, handling and control of primary and printed
packaging materials should be as for starting materials.
• Particular attention should be paid to printed packaging materials.
They should be stored in secure conditions so as to exclude the
possibility of unauthorized access. Roll feed labels should be used
wherever possible. Cut labels and other loose printed materials
should be stored and transported in separate closed containers so as
to avoid mix ups. Packaging materials should be issued for use
only by designated personnel following an approved and
documented procedure. 6
7. Cont…
• Each delivery or batch of printed or primary packaging material
should be given a specific reference number or identification
mark. Out dated or obsolete primary packaging material or
printed packaging material should be destroyed and its disposal
recorded.
• All products and packaging materials to be used should be
checked on delivery to the packaging department for quantity,
identity and conformity with the packaging instructions.
7
8. Functions :
Product Identification : Packaging greatly helps in
identification of products.
Product Protection : Packaging protects the contents of a
product from spoilage, breakage, leakage, etc.
Facilitating the use of product : Packaging should be
convenience to open, handle and use for the consumers.
8
9. Types of materials used :
• Glass : Type I - Highly resistant borosilicate glass,
Type II - Treated soda lime glass,
Type III - soda lime glass,
Soda glass (non parenteral usage)
• Plastics : Thermosetting type – e.g. Urea formaldehyde.
• Metals : Aluminium,
Stainless steel.
• Rubbers :
• Paper/card boards : 9