The document discusses the architectural styles found in Miami, focusing on Art Deco style. It provides context on the history of Art Deco globally and its origins in the early 20th century. It then explains how Art Deco became prominent in Miami's architecture due to factors like the weather, geography, culture and history of the city. Art Deco buildings were well-suited to Miami's hurricane-prone climate due to their flat roofs and durability. The culture of Cuban immigrants also influenced colorful Art Deco designs. By the 1920s-40s, over 800 Art Deco structures had been built in Miami Beach, forming a historic district that faced redevelopment threats before being preserved.

1. Pg. 04
Question Four
Integrated Enterprise Systems
IT402
Question One
1 Mark
Learning Outcome(s):
Describe key issues related to enterprise systems and system
integration
Distinguish between a business function and a business process.
Describe how a business process cuts across functional lines in

2. an organization.
A business function is all the interrelated activities conducted
in one single functional structure, such as all activates that
conducted in Human Resources department.
While business process is a group or a set of responsibilities
and tasks to do that produce the anticipated outcomes, and each
process triggered by some events, a good example for that is
increasing the production based on statistic forecast, which is
the trigger in our example.
When we point to the phrase that tells “the business process
cuts across multiple functional areas in the organization”, we
mean that no single functional area is responsible for their own
accomplishment; instead, they work without neglecting the
other functional areas, sharing the responsibility among them to
achieve the outcomes of the entire organization. Question Two
1 Mark
Learning Outcome(s):
Describe key issues related to enterprise systems and system
integration
Recent enterprise systems combine a collection of major
processes and closely related to buying, making, and selling
processes. State and describe them briefly?
The three key business processes that involved in any
manufacturer process are the following:
1. Procurement process: “that is closely related to buying” and
it is include every action made to purchase materials needed in
manufacturing a definite product, typically triggered by an
order from a customer and create a requisition in the warehouse
department. Followed by “creating” and “sending” the purchase

3. order in the purchasing department, and after the warehouse
receive the materials the company accounting department
receive invoice then they send payment.
2. Production process: “that is closely related to making” it
include all the operations, action and procedures that made to
produce or make a service or product. Started by requesting for
a product in the warehouse, followed by a validation in
production then the warehouse issues raw material needed to
create a product. The finished goods goes to the warehouse at
the end of the process.
3. The fulfillment process: “that is closely related to selling”
any motions, moves and actions that help the manufacturer
selling the finished product. The sales department receive the
customer purchase order then create the sale order. Then the
warehouse prepare and send the shipment. Finally, the
accounting department create and send invoice then receive the
payment.Question Three
1 Mark
Learning Outcome(s):
Describe key issues related to enterprise systems and system
integration.
Select appropriate software and vendors
What makes ERP systems useful for enterprises? Show that
through a real example of ERP systems.
ERP software systems primarily introduced to managed only
intra-company processes, and then lately their capabilities
extended and stretched to integrate external or inter-company
processes, such as it works among supply chain management
“SCM” and customer relationship management “CRM” by
providing several options for extracting and analyzing the

4. different types of data for different purposes. Meaning that
these systems could manage and support end-to-end processes
for companies that operated in several different countries, with
different languages and currencies.
A very well known example for ERP systems is SAP that is an
acronym for “Systems, Applications and Products”, produced by
a German software firm, It aim businesses to:
1- Increase productivity because there is no need for redundant
data entry within different software programs and fewer
communication struggles between isolated but interdependent
aspects of a company.
2- Reduce efforts and cost saving of the firm funds through
using one software program to track all of the firm’s data and
generate reports.
3- Enable firm to have consistent operations by allowing
businesses of all sizes to align their strategies.
Question Four
1 Mark
Learning Outcome(s):
Identify principal enterprise systems architectures and
implementation strategies
Show how organizational data, master data and transaction data
are correlated.
In order to know how these data are correlated, we would take a
quick glance about each of them:
· Organizational data signify the structure and basics of an

5. enterprise such as plant, company code, and storage location.
· Master data denote the several units “entities”or materials that
linked within processes.
· Transaction data are the ones gathered during the execution
and performance of a process, it comprise information such as
dates, quantities, prices, and payment and delivery terms.
These data correlated in the ERP system and used to represent
the physical system in which process steps such as creating a
procurement order and receiving merchandises. These steps
generate data that they signify the outcomes of the steps, and
these data are essential inputs and outputs in the core
component of any ERP system, which is the database system
that plays a key role to facilitate the process integration.
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Architectural style in Miami [在此处键入]
The different Architectural style in Miami
English 105-G1
Chengmin Zhu

6. The past several decades have the rapid development of
society. More and more people have enough money to move to
new houses and abandon their old buildings, because of the
increase in income. More and more people come to Miami and
built their own house here, especially near the Miami Beach. As
we all know, Miami's Mediterranean Renaissance architecture is
very popular, but Miami has the world's largest collection of
Art Deco buildings in the historic Miami Beach Art Deco
District. In other American cities, people can see the sumptuous
and splendor buildings. It’s very different from the Architecture
in Miami. Therefore, the Art Deco building style is the point
that I want to talk about in this paper. The Art Deco style in
Miami is cause of weather and geography, culture and history.
Comment by De Greff, Dana Reva: What does this mean?
Comment by De Greff, Dana Reva: Where? Comment by
De Greff, Dana Reva: Proof? Source? Comment by De Greff,
Dana Reva: ? Comment by De Greff, Dana Reva: Is this the
thesis? If so, it needs to be developed more. Are you saying Art
Deco is a result of weather, geography, culture and history?
Can’t that be all architecture?
According to the website of Creater Miami and The
Beaches, the history of Art Deco architecture in Miami Beach is
from 20th-century. The first 20th-century neighborhood to be
recognized by the National Register of Historic Places, Miami
Beach's Art Deco Historic District is made up of 800+ buildings
and structures built between 1923 and 1943. When decades of
neglect nearly caused Miami’s Art Deco scene to be
demolished, a named Barbara Baer Capitman founded the Miami

7. Design Preservation League, a non-profit organization dedicated
to preserving, protecting and promoting the appearance and
integrity of the Miami Beach Architectural Historic District. It
was through her hard work and perseverance that Art Deco in
Miami gained national protection, motivating designers and
developers to bring out the area’s Art Deco elements and restore
its pastel-hued boutique hotels to their original style.
Comment by De Greff, Dana Reva: Give date Comment by
De Greff, Dana Reva: A what? Comment by De Greff, Dana
Reva: Doing what exactly? Explain.
Art deco, which originated from the Art Nouveau
movement of the late 19th century. It is an important genre in
the history of world architecture. Art Deco, a postmodernist
reproduction style, is called "the most exciting decoration of the
20th century Artistic style ", more and more people are
respected. For example, the Chrysler Building and Empire State
Building in Manhattan, New York, United States, the common
feature is the rich line decoration and the outline of the
structure of the layer by layer retreat. Although Art Deco is a
modern art movement, it also affects many other aspects of
architecture. The name for this movement is the first
"Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels
Modernes" in Paris since 1925, but Art Deco is not the origin of
this exhibition, it is actually A popular style in Europe in the
early 1920s, it was influenced by primitive art from Indians in
Africa, Egypt and Mexico, early works by the Vienna Industrial
Organization Movement, Leon Bakst for the head of the Russian
ballet, The stage background of the ballet by Sergei Diaghilev is
influenced by many art styles such as costume design, Cubism,
Futurism, Neoclassicism, jazz-style art and much more.
Comment by De Greff, Dana Reva: Who said this?
Comment by De Greff, Dana Reva: This sentence needs to
be broken up; also, there are many ideas that need to be
unpacked. Slow down here.
One important reason of Art Deco is the weather and
geography in Miami. As we all know, in winter, the hurricanes

8. always coming, and destroy the city, so the Miami government
and citizens will not build the house as tall and complex as the
East house. Because building the house like east require more
cost also it is more difficult to build. Also, the buildings which
has flat roofs are difficult to be destroyed. And because of
underground water, the building cannot be high. Miami locate
near sea; therefore, the highest ground is 4515 inches. And
people who live in Miami drink water all from underground,
because if people just dig 15 to 20 inches, they will get water
that they can drink. Miami have a huge aquifer and close to
ground. And when people want to build a high and huge
building, then they need have a strong foundation. Therefore,
the buildings in Miami cannot have high floors level, even
though in Downtown Miami, there are few high buildings. But
Miami is a travel city that means many people will go here to
spend their holidays or travel, because of the wonderful
weather, there is no winner, people can enjoy sunny day almost
every day. Even in the coldest days in one year, the temperature
in here is about 59 degrees. Since good weather here, the style
of buildings goes to be art, people can easily remember this city
because of the building style just like one art painting. It’s also
one of the economy income in Miami. Comment by De Greff,
Dana Reva: First direct reference to thesis Comment by De
Greff, Dana Reva: ? Comment by De Greff, Dana Reva: You are
losing focus here; where is the analysis?
Another reason affects the building style here is culture.
As we all know, Miami also called little Havana and there are
many Chicano. According to the Wikipedia, in 1959, the Cuban
revolution brought down Fulgencio Batista. Fidel Castro came
into power. A large number of Cuban refugees began to travel to
Florida. In 1965 alone, there were 100,000 Cubans coming to
Havana from Miami twice a day through "freedom flight."
Among the Mariel Boatlift in 1980, 150,000 Cubans arrived in
Miami at one time, the largest non-military maritime cross-
border operation in history. Unlike the ones in the 1960s, most
of these refugees were poor. During this period, many non-

9. Hispanic whites escaped from Miami, often referred to as
"white flights." (The famous movie "Scarface" is the backdrop
to this event.) In 1960, 90% of Miami's population was white,
and by 1990 only about 10% remained. Cause there are too
many Chicane here, and they bring the colorful style to the
buildings, they made the wonderful contribution here. Also,
Mexicans are passionate, they used it to the Architect in Miami,
they use their colorful thoughts made Miami Beach became the
beautiful landscape of the city view. Comment by De Greff,
Dana Reva: I would take this paragraph out, not based in fact
Comment by De Greff, Dana Reva: Miami is not called
Little Havana; there are not a lot of Chicanos. Please research.
Comment by De Greff, Dana Reva: Not a viable source.
Last one is the history of Art Deco. Modern Architects’
desire for a new language, together with the need to rebel
against traditional architecture and excessive decoration, lead to
the ART DECO movement, which not only is visible in
architecture, but also fashion, art, graphics, furniture,
transportation and even household items. The style is mainly
characterized by simple, clean, geometric lines. As Art Deco
arrived in The United States, so did the images of sleek cars and
trains. Angular shapes like zig-zags, and lightning-bolts
became popular. Visible in Miami Beach, buildings were
streamlined to look like ocean liners and a clear nautical theme
can be discerned. Some features to expect in Art Deco
Architecture are: simple, flat roofs and mosaic tiles.
Comment by De Greff, Dana Reva: Should go in the intro
Comment by De Greff, Dana Reva: Definitely better for an
intro; let us know what it is.
In conclusion, the Art Deco in Miami is cause from
weather and geography, culture and history in Miami. Miami’s
Art Deco is different to other cities, it mixes the unique
geographical environment, and the different ideas of people in
here. It will attract countless tourists to find what it is.
Comment by De Greff, Dana Reva: I would focus on
geography and history, and maybe why it became so important,

10. why it is necessary to protect.
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco
Kara Franker, http://www.miamiandbeaches.com/places-to-
see/miami-beach/art-deco-historic-district
Xiaoqinwenren,
https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1562407233822665&wfr=spid
er&for=pc
https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/1863899589798043867.html