Peter A Minang (ICRAF and ASB Partnership For the Tropical Forest Margins) presentation on Nationally Appropriate Climate Change Mitigation Actions in Agriculture (NAMAs): An International Perspective. NAMAs are sets of policies and actions undertaken by developing countries to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

1. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation
Actions in Agriculture:
An International Perspective
Peter A Minang
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) &
ASB Partnership For the Tropical Forest Margins
MINAGRI-SERFOR
GIZ-ICRAF-RA-New Climate Initiative
“iNAMAzonia an integrated approach to agricultural NAMAs for the sustainable management of
productive landscapes of the Peruvian Amazon”
December 2, 2014 PABELLON Peru, UNFCCC COP 20, Lima, Peru

2. Outline
• A brief overview of NAMAs especially agriculture?
• Emerging features of NAMAs
• A case study from Indonesia
• A case study from Kenya
• Some issues to keep in mind
• Key challenges
• What is the future?

3. What are NAMAs?
• A set of policies and actions undertaken by
developing countries to reduce greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions.
• Expressed as:
– Political commitment (national goals declared as a
commitment under Copenhagen agreement or UNFCCC in
general)
– Policy based (regulatory instruments or economic
incentives or disincentives)
– Project based (specific investments within sectorial or sub-sectorial
or geographic boundaries)

4. A brief history
• Emerged from Bali Action Plan as part of the
“Agreed outcomes”
• Then further adopted and negotiated through
COP 16 and 18 – Copenhagen.
– A voluntary / non-binding instrument for non-annex 1
countries
– For reducing GHG emissions to below business-as-usual
within the context of sustainable development.
Dependent on provision of financing, technical and
capacity building support required.

5. Some features (i)
• Reporting guidance:
– National communications every 4 years
– Biennial Update Reports (BUR) including GHG
inventories and mitigation actions
– Process of International Consultations and
Analysis (ICA) for consideration of BURs
• NAMA registration – NAMA Registry at
UNFCCC

6. Some features (ii)
• Unilateral NAMAs (supported and financed
independently- i.e. domestic resources)
• Supported NAMAs (supported by international
resources finance, technical and capacity
building)
• Multiple sectors - Agriculture, energy,
transport, forestry etc

7. The state of NAMA development
• 41 registered NAMAs currently in NAMA
Registry
• Some 150 NAMA activities in multiple
databases worldwide
• 1 match between Georgia NAMA and support
from Austria

8. Agricultural NAMA
How far have we come?
• Several Countries:
– Brazil implementing a self-funded NAMA with four
agricultural activities targeting emissions reductions
by 133-166 Mt CO2e in 2020
– Costa Rica in livestock and coffee, with support from
Germany
– Mongolia is seeking a NAMA on grassland
management and livestock
– Kenya is exploring NAMA on dairy supply chains
(Wilkes et al. 2013)

9. Practices for agricultural NAMAs
• Conservation tillage
• Composting
• Restoration of grasslands
and degraded agricultural
lands
• Fodder crop production
• More efficient nitrogen
fertilizer use
• Methane capture from
manure
• Improved productivity
of livestock
• Biological nitrogen
fixation
• Improved coffee
plantation efficiency
and carbon storage
• Reduced forest
conversion forests on
agricultural land
(Wilkes et al. 2013)

10. Agriculture in the current
negotiations
• Agriculture in REDD+
– Agricultural intensification investments for sparing forests
– Agricultural policy investments possibly through GCF
• SBSTA Work Programme
– Agreement on adaptation benefits
– Discussions on whether to include mitigation (by 2015?)
• LULUCF for CDM
– Potential for landscape approaches (croplands and grazing
lands)
• These are potential opportunities for investments in
support of NAMAs in Agriculture

12. INDONESIA NAMA CASE STUDY

13. The Indonesia Case (Structure)
• Strong link between REDD+ and agriculture
• National Action Plan on Climate Change (RAN-PI,
2007)
• National Council on Climate Change (DNPI) –
Copenhagen declaration on 26% of BAU
reductions and 41 % with international support
• National Action Plan for Reducing GHGs (RAN-GRK)-
Guidance on NAMA design, investments
and implementation

14. Indonesia commitment on climate
change mitigation
COPENHAGEN 2009
Indonesia committed
to 26% emission
reduction unilaterally plus
additional 15% through
international support by 2020
while retaining 7 % of economic
Growth.
LETTER OF INTENT INDONESIA-NORWAY
2010
A two year suspension on all new
concessions for conversion of peat
and natural forest

15. Reference Emission Level
Unilateral emission
reduction
Internationally
supported emission
reduction
C-trade emission
transfer
Net
emissions
from
Indonesia
-26%
-15%
- Sale of C-credits
REDD+ and NAMA

16. Locally Appropriate NAMA in
Indonesia
• A landuse and emission
reduction planning model
for use at district and
municipal level
• Recommended for use by
Government to all provinces
and district-level NAMA
planning
• ICRAF has trained all 33
Provinces and now helping
selected districts to
personalize the same

17. KENYA NAMA CASE STUDY

18. Structure and Process
Overall
Coordination
by CCS/SC9
(MEMR)
MINISTERIAL LEVEL COMMITTEE
Ensures policy coherence and complementarity
TASKFORCE (Chair MEMR)
(GoK Ministries & Institutions/Academia/Private Sector/
CSOs) - Ensures policy coherence and
complementarity
TWGs
Provide Technical support to
consultants to ensure
content & quality
CONSULTANTS
Overall responsibility to
deliver based on their
specific TORs
MEMR ©
06 Dece 2012 18
2012

19. Greenhouse gas emissions reference case

20. Overall low-carbon development pathway

21. 6.4 Low Carbon Climate Resilient Actions in the
Agriculture Sector
 Agroforestry
 Conservation agriculture
 Limiting the use of fire in
cropland and rangeland
management
 Improved management
of grazing systems
 Livestock diversification
 Breeding of animals to
improve their ability to
adapt to climate change
and produce lower
emissions
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Emissions Mton CO2-eq.
Conservation
Tillage
Limiting Use of Fire
(crop & range
lands)
Agroforestry

22. 1) NAMA vs Global and Local scales
Globally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (GAMA)
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA)
Landscape
approaches to
adaptation +
mitigation
Locally Appropriate Adaptation & Mitigation Actions
(LAAMA)

23. 2) BURDEN AND BENEFIT SHARING
National
Region 1 Region 2 Region i
District j
Village k Project l
DO ALL REGIONS TAKE
SAME SHARE OF NATIONAL
COMMITMENT?
DO REGIONS TAKE SHARE
ACCORDING TO CURRENT
PROPORTION OF NATIONAL
EMISSIONS?
OR
DO REGIONS TAKE
ACCORDING TO FEASIBLE
EMISSION REDUCTION
POTENTIAL?

24. 3) Linking agricultural NAMAs to
other development objectives

25. CHALLENGES
• Technical capacity is lacking: Several developing
countries have been found deficient in REDD+ MRV
Capacity and land use data deficient in recent
assessments (Minang et al., 2014), etc
• Costs are high (data collection, verification, etc)
• Limited investment and competition from other
pressing sectors
– NAMA support slow to come along
– Emission commitments not in negotiations not growing
enough
– Carbon market prices falling

26. OUR NEW BOOK
ADDRESSES SOME OF THESE
CHALLENGES.
WELCOME TO THE LAUNCH
AT: GLOBAL LANDSCAPES
FORUM
ON: SATURDAY 6TH
TIME: 12.15 - 13.00
WHERE: Media Room

27. MUCHAS GRACIAS !
• AKNOWLEDGEMENT
OF CONTRIBUTORS
– Meine van Noordwijk
– Sonya Dewi
– Lalisa Duguma
– Deborah Murphy
– Valentina Robiglio
– Jonathan Cornelius
– Olivia Freeman