BDPP_Pertemuan 2_aquaculture systems

Types of Culture.
 Extensive (few organisms per aquatic space).
 Semi-Intensive (more organisms per space).
 Intensive (many organisms per aquatic space).
 Super Intensive (too many organisms per space).
 These definitions are fluid and depend on the
person describing them. We will discuss them
further in a moment.

Types of Culture.
 Pond culture.
 Tank culture.
 Cage culture.
 Bag culture for bivalves.
 Sea Ranching.
 Each of these is further subdivided and can be used for
the previous definitions that depend on stocking
density.

Pond culture.
 Earthen pond or lined pond.
 Static or water exchanged.
 Uses tides or gravity flow or water pumps.

Tank Culture.
 Concrete, fiberglass or lined?
 Indoor or outdoor?
 Static or water exchange?

Recirculating Aquaculture
Systems Short Course
Culture
Tank
Fish Culture Tank
“Anything that holds water”

Polyethylene Tanks

Fiberglass Tanks

Plywood/Wood Tanks

Steel Tanks

Corrugated Panels with Liner
Steel
Aluminum

Plywood/Wood Raceways

Concrete Tanks/ Raceways

Aquarium Systems

Cage culture.
 Usually in natural water bodies.
 Less mechanization and water quality control required.
 More exposed to natural catastrophes.

Bag culture.
 Also use natural water
bodies.
 For sessile filter feeders
(oysters, clams, mussels).

Sea Ranching.
 Oyster culture on bottom.
 Seeding of algae.
 Release of fry for harvest as adults.

Is this really as easy as it looks?
 Aquatic organisms live in a dense, relatively
viscous, chemically active environment
compared to terrestrial organisms.
 They are very strongly affected by their habitat.

Major problems in aquaculture.
 Environment needs filtering.
 Oxygen needs to be replenished.
 Organisms cannot be seen.
 Diseases spread too fast.
 Equipment corrodes.
 The inside of organisms is constantly in contact
with outside medium.

Therefore, the systems should:
 Keep the medium acceptable for survival and
optimal growth.
 Replenish oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
 Make organisms accessible for inspection.
 Fight diseases.
 Just make it comfortable for the organisms.

Aquaponics
 Synergy between Hydroponics and Aquaculture
 Aquaponics is the integration of animal and plant
culture in an aquatic media.
IN-WATERFARMING
 Fish waste becomes nutrition for plants
 Water transports the nutrients to the plants

Aquaponics is defined as the symbiotic
cultivation of plants and aquatic animals in
a re-circulating environment

Why Aquaponics?
• Reduced Water Utilization
– Aquaponics uses only 1% to 3% of the water needed for traditional
land based agriculture.
– Traditional Aquaculture recirculating systems discharge 5 to 10% of
their water daily to maintain water quality.
• Minimizes Environmental Impact
– Environmental problems associated with nutrient discharge
(eutrophication of ecosystems and high nitrate groundwater).
– Reduced dependence on synthetic fertilizer produced from non-renewable
oil - fish waste is an organic source of nutrients for plants.
• Increases Productivity
– Growing plants and fish together allows aquaponic systems to be the most
healthy, reliable and productive source of food
– Save on water quality monitoring costs.
– The plants can generate substantial income as there is always a market for
local / naturally grown / environmentally friendly produced food

Advantages of Aquaponics
 Reduced Waste / fish waste is an organic source
of nutrients for plants which can generate
substantial income
 Saves on water treatment cost / water is filtered
naturally by the plants
 Minimizes environmental impact cost.
 Non-renewable oil is used to manufacture synthetic
fertilizer.
 Environmental problems associated with nutrient
discharge (eutrophication of ecosystems and high
nitrate groundwater).

 Increase Productivity
 Faster maturity of greenhouse crops under aquaponics and
much heavier cropping compared to inorganic hydroponics.
Dr. Nick Savidov, of the Crop Diversification Center South, Alberta
Agriculture Food and Rural Development at Brooks, Alberta,
Canada, reported at the International Conference and Exhibition for
Soilless Culture-2005 in Singapore
 Lettuce Production
 36 plants Land Crops
 100 plants Greenhouse Crops
 500 plants Aquaponics Crops / matures in as little as 28 days
 Reduce the dependence on Synthetic
Fertilizers produced from non-renewable oil resources.
 Water Quality Monitoring Cost is Reduced. There is
generally excess wastewater treatment capacity with an aquaponics system.

Efficiency of water use in agricultur
Water required per $100 of Produce
Agricultural Sector Liters Gallons
Rice 470,000 124,400
Sugar 123,900 32,800
Beef Cattle 81,200 21,500
Vegetables and fruits 37,900 10,000
Wheat and grain 24,500 6,500
Hydroponic crops As low as 600 160
Aquaponic crops As low as 200 60

Tilapia Culture with Aquaponics
 The water is basically recycled, instead of dumping
the used water, or using complex and costly filtering
and purification systems, the plants remove the waste
produced by the fish from the water.
 The key is to balance the system – plant to fish ratio –
so that the nutrient level stays relatively constant.
 Ratios vary from 2:1 to 10:1 or greater (plants:fish)

Which Kind of Tilapia to Stock ?
 Nile Tilapia grow fast and are able to obtain the
largest size.
 Red Tilapia are the second fastest growing species
and grown throughout the world.
 Blue Tilapia (Tampa Bay strain) grow well and are
more tolerant to lower water temperatures as low
as 55°F. (13°C) and can spawn at lower
temperatures. No special permit required in
Florida.

Advantages of Farming Tilapia
 Feeds low on the food chain
 Accepts wide range of feeds
 Resistant to poor water quality, disease,
overcrowding and handling
 Good flesh quality and taste
 Fingerlings easy to produce year round

MORNING STAR FISHERMEN
SMALL SCALE
AQUAPONICS
SYSTEMS

Pond & Tank Liners
 Must be safe for fish and aquatic
plant life.
 Help control seepage loss - as
much as 75% of water loss is due
to seepage not evaporation.
 Polyethylene - High, Medium or
Low density Polyethylene.
 Contains up to 5 percent carbon
black, which makes it highly UV
stable.
23 mil HDPE

Aquaponics in the Classroom
 Micro-ecosystem
 Nitrogen Cycle
 Water Quality Chemistry & Testing
 Fish & Vegetable Growing Techniques
& Formulas
 Reproduction Cycles of Plants &
Animals

Tilapia Reproduction
 Females lay 1 to 5 eggs per gram of weight. – avg. 1,000
eggs / lb.
 250 to 2,000 eggs per spawn depending on size of female.
 Reproduce continuously throughout the year under the
right conditions, every 2-6 weeks depending on water
temperature, water quality and feeding conditions.
Mouth brooding and post-hatching
parental care increase chances of
survival. Without natural predators,
Tilapia can quickly overpopulate
their environment.

Crystal Lake Middle School
Lakeland, Florida

Crystal Lake Middle School, Lakeland

St. Leo University 1-Day Training

Aquaponics
 Simple, innovative and
efficient system of food
production combining
aquaculture and hydroponic
growing techniques
 Uses the natural cycle of
nutrients to produce safe,
chemical-free food.
 Locally produced food -
minimum carbon footprint,
optimum freshness,
maximum nutritional value,
healthy & chemical free

• Reduced Water Utilization- Abundant
high-quality water is usually the single
most crucial resource for agriculture and
aquaculture enterprises.
•Aquaponics uses only 1% to 3% of
the water needed for traditional land
based agriculture. (water loss due to
evaporation and transpiration by the
plants)
•Traditional Aquaculture
recirculating systems discharge 5
to 10% of their water daily to

Submersible & Flexible
Open Sea Fish-Cage System

SUBflex system -
General structure:
• Single point mooring
• Flexible
• Submersible

Commercial farm – “Royal Fish”
2 systems located at 11 Km offshore,
60 meter depth

Mooring system and
anchors – 22 tons

Maintenance –
Easy to handle

Fingerlings (Sea bream) 3 gr
After 26 days: 17 gr
After 300 days: 300 gr
FCR: 0.9
Temperatures: 160c - 310c
Oxygen: 100% Saturation

The final result – fish from offshore A
unique product with high quality
character and taste

BDPP_Pertemuan 2_aquaculture systems

BDPP_Pertemuan 2_aquaculture systems

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BDPP_Pertemuan 2_aquaculture systems