This document discusses Freud's structural model of the psyche and various defense mechanisms. It explains that Freud believed the psyche is composed of the id, ego, and superego. The id operates on the pleasure principle, the ego operates on the reality principle, and the superego contains our moral values. It then defines and provides examples of common defense mechanisms like repression, regression, displacement, denial, projection, rationalization, and sublimation that the ego uses to reduce anxiety. The document concludes with an activity instructing groups to create and act out a scenario demonstrating different defense mechanisms.
The document discusses various defense mechanisms used by the ego to exclude unacceptable urges or impulses from conscious awareness. It categorizes defenses as primary, psychotic/narcissistic, neurotic/immature, or mature. Primary defenses include repression, denial, projection, distortion, conversion, dissociation, displacement, isolation, reaction formation, undoing, rationalization, intellectualization, acting out, schizoid fantasy, turning against the self, and introjection. Mature defenses allow for sublimation, suppression, anticipation, and humor. No single defense is inherently abnormal; rather, it is excessive or exclusive use that can indicate neurosis or psychosis.
DEFENSE MECHANISM IS THE UNCONSCIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISM EMPLOYED BY US WHICH PREVENTS US FROM FALLING PREY TO INTOLERABLE ANXIETY, HOWEVER AT TIMES WE OFTEN PAY A HEAVY COST FOR USING IT IN PATHOLOGICAL WAYS.
Sigmund Freud developed the psychoanalytic approach to personality, which viewed unconscious motivations as influencing behavior. Freud proposed three parts of personality:
1) The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking instant gratification of needs.
2) The ego acts rationally according to reality, balancing the id's desires.
3) The superego incorporates societal morality and ideals, judging the id and ego.
Freud believed personality is determined by unconscious drives related to basic instincts for life, death, and sexuality. Psychoanalysis examines repressed memories and wishes through techniques like free association.
This document discusses Freud's concept of defense mechanisms. It begins with an overview of Freud's structural model of the mind, consisting of the id, ego, and superego. It then provides details on different defense mechanisms such as denial, projection, displacement, acting out, regression, rationalization, and reaction formation. It explains how these unconscious mechanisms help reduce anxiety arising from conflicts between the id's desires and the superego's rules. The document also discusses Freud's view of the mind as an energy-based machine and how defense mechanisms displace or transform psychological energy.
Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Freud believed that people could be cured by making conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations, thus gaining insight. The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release repressed emotions and experiences, i.e. make the unconscious conscious
Humanistic theory focuses on human potential for growth and self-actualization. The key theorists discussed are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. Maslow proposed a hierarchy of needs where self-actualization is at the top level achieved after fulfilling lower level needs. He described characteristics of self-actualized people. Rogers believed in an innate tendency for self-actualization. His client-centered therapy aims to help clients develop unconditional positive self-regard and become fully functioning through non-directive counseling. Humanistic theory emphasizes human strengths, free will, and fulfilling one's highest potential.
Alfred Adler Individual Psychology
Key Concepts of Individual Psychology
Adlerian counselling
Striving for Superiority (The Striving for Perfection, Striving for Self-Enhancement, Inferiority Feeling, Drive Satisfaction)
Styles of Life
Fictional Finalism
The document discusses various defense mechanisms used by the ego to exclude unacceptable urges or impulses from conscious awareness. It categorizes defenses as primary, psychotic/narcissistic, neurotic/immature, or mature. Primary defenses include repression, denial, projection, distortion, conversion, dissociation, displacement, isolation, reaction formation, undoing, rationalization, intellectualization, acting out, schizoid fantasy, turning against the self, and introjection. Mature defenses allow for sublimation, suppression, anticipation, and humor. No single defense is inherently abnormal; rather, it is excessive or exclusive use that can indicate neurosis or psychosis.
DEFENSE MECHANISM IS THE UNCONSCIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISM EMPLOYED BY US WHICH PREVENTS US FROM FALLING PREY TO INTOLERABLE ANXIETY, HOWEVER AT TIMES WE OFTEN PAY A HEAVY COST FOR USING IT IN PATHOLOGICAL WAYS.
Sigmund Freud developed the psychoanalytic approach to personality, which viewed unconscious motivations as influencing behavior. Freud proposed three parts of personality:
1) The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking instant gratification of needs.
2) The ego acts rationally according to reality, balancing the id's desires.
3) The superego incorporates societal morality and ideals, judging the id and ego.
Freud believed personality is determined by unconscious drives related to basic instincts for life, death, and sexuality. Psychoanalysis examines repressed memories and wishes through techniques like free association.
This document discusses Freud's concept of defense mechanisms. It begins with an overview of Freud's structural model of the mind, consisting of the id, ego, and superego. It then provides details on different defense mechanisms such as denial, projection, displacement, acting out, regression, rationalization, and reaction formation. It explains how these unconscious mechanisms help reduce anxiety arising from conflicts between the id's desires and the superego's rules. The document also discusses Freud's view of the mind as an energy-based machine and how defense mechanisms displace or transform psychological energy.
Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Freud believed that people could be cured by making conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations, thus gaining insight. The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release repressed emotions and experiences, i.e. make the unconscious conscious
Humanistic theory focuses on human potential for growth and self-actualization. The key theorists discussed are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. Maslow proposed a hierarchy of needs where self-actualization is at the top level achieved after fulfilling lower level needs. He described characteristics of self-actualized people. Rogers believed in an innate tendency for self-actualization. His client-centered therapy aims to help clients develop unconditional positive self-regard and become fully functioning through non-directive counseling. Humanistic theory emphasizes human strengths, free will, and fulfilling one's highest potential.
Alfred Adler Individual Psychology
Key Concepts of Individual Psychology
Adlerian counselling
Striving for Superiority (The Striving for Perfection, Striving for Self-Enhancement, Inferiority Feeling, Drive Satisfaction)
Styles of Life
Fictional Finalism
Sigmund Freud and The Psychoanalytic Therapy 101Russell de Villa
Pretty much a 'simple' presentation showing the concept of Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory and a couple of techniques that come along with it. Used only for more 'advanced' learners in the field of Psychology.
This was presented on my Masteral Class on the subject: Seminar on Group Counseling and Psychotherapy. Feel free to edit, add your info, and even tweak the presentations to your desire.
Side-note: Pictures seen in the presentation are from artists from DeviantArt, Credit goes to all of them.
Defense mechanisms are unconscious mental processes that the ego uses to resolve conflicts between the id, ego, and superego. There are nine main defense mechanisms: denial, repression, rationalization, sublimation, displacement, regression, reaction formation, projection, and intellectualization. They operate unconsciously to distort or deny reality in order to reduce anxiety and protect the ego.
Social learning theories - Personalities theoriesManu Melwin Joy
social learning theory was proposed by Neal E. Miller and John Dollard in 1941. The proposition of social learning was expanded upon and theorized by Canadian psychologist Albert Bandura from 1962 until the present. . Bandura provided his concept of self-efficacy in 1977, while he refuted the traditional learning theory for understanding learning.
Sigmund Freud was a pioneering psychologist who developed psychoanalytic theory and established the field of psychoanalysis. Some of Freud's key concepts include his structural model of the mind consisting of the id, ego, and superego; his theory of psychosexual development; and his view that unconscious drives and early childhood experiences influence behavior. Freud explored the human mind more thoroughly than previous thinkers and influenced fields like psychology, literature, and child-rearing. Psychoanalysis aims to make the unconscious conscious through free association and analysis of dreams and resistance during therapy sessions.
The document discusses several theories of motivation:
- Instinct Theory proposes that behaviors are genetically inherited and motivated by survival, but cannot explain human variability.
- Drive-Reduction Theory claims humans act to reduce feelings of tension, but this does not explain actions that increase tension.
- Arousal Theory suggests people seek an optimal level of stimulation, but it is difficult to apply to all motivations like sacrificing sleep.
- In conclusion, while theories provide models, human motivation remains complex and cannot be fully simplified. Maslow's Hierarchy presents a more comprehensive approach than previous theories.
The document defines and provides examples of various defense mechanisms used by the ego to reduce anxiety. It lists defense mechanisms as being either immature (e.g. denial, projection, splitting) or mature (e.g. humor, sublimation, suppression). The document then provides definitions and examples of specific defense mechanisms including denial, projection, splitting, blocking, regression, somatization, identification, displacement, repression, isolation of affect, acting out, rationalization, reaction formation, undoing, passive aggressive, and dissociation.
This document summarizes Gordon Allport's trait theory of personality. Allport was the first psychologist to thoroughly study traits and personality. He developed his own trait theory which viewed traits as stable characteristics that influence behavior. Allport believed that individuals have unique personalities made up of different combinations of traits. He used both idiographic and nomothetic approaches to understand individuals and groups. Allport's trait theory emphasized the individual nature and evolution of personality traits over time.
Alfred Adler developed Individual Psychology which focused on understanding human behavior through examining goals, lifestyle, birth order, and social interest. Key concepts in Adlerian theory include inferiority, superiority, social interest, family constellation, and basic mistakes. Adlerian therapy uses techniques like lifestyle analysis, interpretation, encouragement, and paradoxical intention to help clients develop social interest and change maladaptive behaviors.
This document defines and provides examples of various ego defense mechanisms. It discusses their historical origins and classification systems. Key defense mechanisms described include denial, distortion, projection, intellectualization, reaction formation, repression, rationalization, displacement, dissociation, inhibition, isolation, and sublimation. Examples are given to illustrate how each mechanism functions both normally and clinically in various psychological disorders.
Pavlov (1927) studied unconditioned reflexes in dogs like salivating in response to food. Later researchers like Watson, Raynor (1920) and Skinner (1957) studied conditioned learning through rewards and punishments in humans and animals. Observational learning theory proposes that behavior can be learned through observing and imitating others. Behavioral therapies for mental health issues are based on classical and operant conditioning principles like systematic desensitization to treat phobias. However, the behavioral approach is limited as it does not consider genetic or cognitive factors in learning and behavior.
Adlerian theory views human nature positively and believes people can control their own fate. It stresses social interest and understanding a person's lifestyle to analyze their behavior. Early family interactions help shape feelings of inferiority or superiority and one's role in the family constellation. The theory views people as goal-oriented and focused on overcoming feelings of inferiority through social contribution and developing competence. A person's unique experiences and perceptions shape their understanding of reality.
- Alfred Adler was an Austrian physician and psychotherapist who founded the school of individual psychology. He broke away from Freud and rejected his theory of sexuality as the primary motivator of human behavior.
- Adler believed that all human behavior is motivated by a desire for superiority and perfection. He saw feelings of inferiority as the root cause of neurosis and the driving force behind people's striving for superiority.
- Adler developed theories around birth order and its impact on personality, organ inferiorities and compensation, masculine protest, and social interest. He believed that understanding an individual's subjective experiences and feelings of inferiority was key to analyzing their behavior and psychological issues.
This is a presentation describing various defense mechanisms with examples. In between there is a quiz, in which viewers are supposed to identify the defense depicted in the pictures. This presentation would be useful to teach defense mechanisms to students of psychiatry and psychology. References are used from the Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. The pictures are downloaded from google images.
This document discusses various psychoanalytic defence mechanisms. It begins by outlining Freud's model of the id, ego and superego. It then categorizes defences into narcissistic, immature and neurotic types. Narcissistic defences include denial, distortion and projection. Immature defences involve acting out, blocking and somatization. Neurotic defences comprise intellectualization, displacement, rationalization and repression. The document provides examples and explanations of each defence mechanism.
This document provides an overview of defense mechanisms. It defines defense mechanisms as unconscious psychological strategies used to cope with reality and maintain a positive self-image. The document then discusses Sigmund Freud's theory of defense mechanisms and the structural model of the mind consisting of the id, ego, and superego. It describes different types of anxiety and various defense mechanisms classified by developmental stage or level of maturity. Examples are given of how specific defenses like denial, distortion, and projection function. The document concludes by outlining defenses commonly used in certain psychiatric disorders and substance abuse.
The document discusses different aspects of attention. It defines attention as concentrating the mind on one task and withdrawing from others. There are two types of attention discussed - selective attention which involves focusing on one stimulus while ignoring others, and divided attention which involves sharing cognitive resources between two or more stimuli. Studies on selective and divided attention show that simultaneous performance across tasks is poor but improves with practice. Sustained attention refers to attending to stimuli over prolonged periods and can deteriorate due to fatigue. Automaticity develops from repetition and frees up cognitive resources.
Alfred Adler developed Individual Psychology which focused on investigating each individual's uniqueness. A key concept was social interest, the urge to adapt to one's social environment. Adler believed humans strive for superiority, initially conceived as aggression but later as a will to power, and that we develop fictional goals and interpretations to structure our understanding of reality. Feelings of inferiority arise from our dependence as infants and motivate growth. Each person develops a unique style of life to achieve superiority through talents, environment, and goal orientations.
Freud discusses three types of anxiety: realistic anxiety related to real external threats, moral anxiety from feelings of guilt or shame from one's superego, and neurotic anxiety from threats to the ego from one's id. Defense mechanisms help reduce anxiety by coping with threats in an unconscious way, such as denial, repression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, intellectualization, displacement, sublimation, undoing, introjection, and regression. Parapraxes like Freudian slips occur when unconscious thoughts or feelings leak out in mistakes or accidents. Humor can allow sublimation of impulses in a harmless way.
This document provides an overview of defense mechanisms from a psychoanalytic perspective. It discusses Sigmund Freud's early work developing the concept of defense mechanisms and how Anna Freud further classified them. The document outlines Freud's tripartite model of the mind consisting of the id, ego, and superego. It defines defense mechanisms as unconscious strategies the ego uses to manage anxiety from conflicts between the id, superego, and reality. Various classifications of defense mechanisms are presented, including developmental stages, adaptive levels, and styles of defense. Common individual defense mechanisms are also briefly described.
The document discusses various defense mechanisms used by the human psyche. It describes 10 ego defense mechanisms including repression, rationalization, and sublimation. It also discusses 10 bodily defense mechanisms like lymphocytes and the reticuloendothelial system. Finally, it outlines 10 positive defense mechanisms like compensation and sublimation and 10 negative mechanisms like suppression and projection.
Sigmund Freud and The Psychoanalytic Therapy 101Russell de Villa
Pretty much a 'simple' presentation showing the concept of Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory and a couple of techniques that come along with it. Used only for more 'advanced' learners in the field of Psychology.
This was presented on my Masteral Class on the subject: Seminar on Group Counseling and Psychotherapy. Feel free to edit, add your info, and even tweak the presentations to your desire.
Side-note: Pictures seen in the presentation are from artists from DeviantArt, Credit goes to all of them.
Defense mechanisms are unconscious mental processes that the ego uses to resolve conflicts between the id, ego, and superego. There are nine main defense mechanisms: denial, repression, rationalization, sublimation, displacement, regression, reaction formation, projection, and intellectualization. They operate unconsciously to distort or deny reality in order to reduce anxiety and protect the ego.
Social learning theories - Personalities theoriesManu Melwin Joy
social learning theory was proposed by Neal E. Miller and John Dollard in 1941. The proposition of social learning was expanded upon and theorized by Canadian psychologist Albert Bandura from 1962 until the present. . Bandura provided his concept of self-efficacy in 1977, while he refuted the traditional learning theory for understanding learning.
Sigmund Freud was a pioneering psychologist who developed psychoanalytic theory and established the field of psychoanalysis. Some of Freud's key concepts include his structural model of the mind consisting of the id, ego, and superego; his theory of psychosexual development; and his view that unconscious drives and early childhood experiences influence behavior. Freud explored the human mind more thoroughly than previous thinkers and influenced fields like psychology, literature, and child-rearing. Psychoanalysis aims to make the unconscious conscious through free association and analysis of dreams and resistance during therapy sessions.
The document discusses several theories of motivation:
- Instinct Theory proposes that behaviors are genetically inherited and motivated by survival, but cannot explain human variability.
- Drive-Reduction Theory claims humans act to reduce feelings of tension, but this does not explain actions that increase tension.
- Arousal Theory suggests people seek an optimal level of stimulation, but it is difficult to apply to all motivations like sacrificing sleep.
- In conclusion, while theories provide models, human motivation remains complex and cannot be fully simplified. Maslow's Hierarchy presents a more comprehensive approach than previous theories.
The document defines and provides examples of various defense mechanisms used by the ego to reduce anxiety. It lists defense mechanisms as being either immature (e.g. denial, projection, splitting) or mature (e.g. humor, sublimation, suppression). The document then provides definitions and examples of specific defense mechanisms including denial, projection, splitting, blocking, regression, somatization, identification, displacement, repression, isolation of affect, acting out, rationalization, reaction formation, undoing, passive aggressive, and dissociation.
This document summarizes Gordon Allport's trait theory of personality. Allport was the first psychologist to thoroughly study traits and personality. He developed his own trait theory which viewed traits as stable characteristics that influence behavior. Allport believed that individuals have unique personalities made up of different combinations of traits. He used both idiographic and nomothetic approaches to understand individuals and groups. Allport's trait theory emphasized the individual nature and evolution of personality traits over time.
Alfred Adler developed Individual Psychology which focused on understanding human behavior through examining goals, lifestyle, birth order, and social interest. Key concepts in Adlerian theory include inferiority, superiority, social interest, family constellation, and basic mistakes. Adlerian therapy uses techniques like lifestyle analysis, interpretation, encouragement, and paradoxical intention to help clients develop social interest and change maladaptive behaviors.
This document defines and provides examples of various ego defense mechanisms. It discusses their historical origins and classification systems. Key defense mechanisms described include denial, distortion, projection, intellectualization, reaction formation, repression, rationalization, displacement, dissociation, inhibition, isolation, and sublimation. Examples are given to illustrate how each mechanism functions both normally and clinically in various psychological disorders.
Pavlov (1927) studied unconditioned reflexes in dogs like salivating in response to food. Later researchers like Watson, Raynor (1920) and Skinner (1957) studied conditioned learning through rewards and punishments in humans and animals. Observational learning theory proposes that behavior can be learned through observing and imitating others. Behavioral therapies for mental health issues are based on classical and operant conditioning principles like systematic desensitization to treat phobias. However, the behavioral approach is limited as it does not consider genetic or cognitive factors in learning and behavior.
Adlerian theory views human nature positively and believes people can control their own fate. It stresses social interest and understanding a person's lifestyle to analyze their behavior. Early family interactions help shape feelings of inferiority or superiority and one's role in the family constellation. The theory views people as goal-oriented and focused on overcoming feelings of inferiority through social contribution and developing competence. A person's unique experiences and perceptions shape their understanding of reality.
- Alfred Adler was an Austrian physician and psychotherapist who founded the school of individual psychology. He broke away from Freud and rejected his theory of sexuality as the primary motivator of human behavior.
- Adler believed that all human behavior is motivated by a desire for superiority and perfection. He saw feelings of inferiority as the root cause of neurosis and the driving force behind people's striving for superiority.
- Adler developed theories around birth order and its impact on personality, organ inferiorities and compensation, masculine protest, and social interest. He believed that understanding an individual's subjective experiences and feelings of inferiority was key to analyzing their behavior and psychological issues.
This is a presentation describing various defense mechanisms with examples. In between there is a quiz, in which viewers are supposed to identify the defense depicted in the pictures. This presentation would be useful to teach defense mechanisms to students of psychiatry and psychology. References are used from the Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. The pictures are downloaded from google images.
This document discusses various psychoanalytic defence mechanisms. It begins by outlining Freud's model of the id, ego and superego. It then categorizes defences into narcissistic, immature and neurotic types. Narcissistic defences include denial, distortion and projection. Immature defences involve acting out, blocking and somatization. Neurotic defences comprise intellectualization, displacement, rationalization and repression. The document provides examples and explanations of each defence mechanism.
This document provides an overview of defense mechanisms. It defines defense mechanisms as unconscious psychological strategies used to cope with reality and maintain a positive self-image. The document then discusses Sigmund Freud's theory of defense mechanisms and the structural model of the mind consisting of the id, ego, and superego. It describes different types of anxiety and various defense mechanisms classified by developmental stage or level of maturity. Examples are given of how specific defenses like denial, distortion, and projection function. The document concludes by outlining defenses commonly used in certain psychiatric disorders and substance abuse.
The document discusses different aspects of attention. It defines attention as concentrating the mind on one task and withdrawing from others. There are two types of attention discussed - selective attention which involves focusing on one stimulus while ignoring others, and divided attention which involves sharing cognitive resources between two or more stimuli. Studies on selective and divided attention show that simultaneous performance across tasks is poor but improves with practice. Sustained attention refers to attending to stimuli over prolonged periods and can deteriorate due to fatigue. Automaticity develops from repetition and frees up cognitive resources.
Alfred Adler developed Individual Psychology which focused on investigating each individual's uniqueness. A key concept was social interest, the urge to adapt to one's social environment. Adler believed humans strive for superiority, initially conceived as aggression but later as a will to power, and that we develop fictional goals and interpretations to structure our understanding of reality. Feelings of inferiority arise from our dependence as infants and motivate growth. Each person develops a unique style of life to achieve superiority through talents, environment, and goal orientations.
Freud discusses three types of anxiety: realistic anxiety related to real external threats, moral anxiety from feelings of guilt or shame from one's superego, and neurotic anxiety from threats to the ego from one's id. Defense mechanisms help reduce anxiety by coping with threats in an unconscious way, such as denial, repression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, intellectualization, displacement, sublimation, undoing, introjection, and regression. Parapraxes like Freudian slips occur when unconscious thoughts or feelings leak out in mistakes or accidents. Humor can allow sublimation of impulses in a harmless way.
This document provides an overview of defense mechanisms from a psychoanalytic perspective. It discusses Sigmund Freud's early work developing the concept of defense mechanisms and how Anna Freud further classified them. The document outlines Freud's tripartite model of the mind consisting of the id, ego, and superego. It defines defense mechanisms as unconscious strategies the ego uses to manage anxiety from conflicts between the id, superego, and reality. Various classifications of defense mechanisms are presented, including developmental stages, adaptive levels, and styles of defense. Common individual defense mechanisms are also briefly described.
The document discusses various defense mechanisms used by the human psyche. It describes 10 ego defense mechanisms including repression, rationalization, and sublimation. It also discusses 10 bodily defense mechanisms like lymphocytes and the reticuloendothelial system. Finally, it outlines 10 positive defense mechanisms like compensation and sublimation and 10 negative mechanisms like suppression and projection.
The document discusses various defense mechanisms used by the ego to protect itself from anxiety and unconscious impulses. It categorizes defenses into narcissistic, immature, neurotic, and mature types. Narcissistic defenses include denial, distortion, and projection used by psychotic individuals. Immature defenses such as acting out, hypochondriasis, passive aggression, regression and somatization are used by adolescents and non-neurotic patients. Neurotic defenses like displacement, intellectualization, rationalization, reaction formation, and repression are used by patients with OCD and hysteria under stress. More mature defenses are altruism, humor, suppression, sublimation, and compensation.
This document discusses various defense mechanisms described by Freud. It defines fear as a response to real danger while anxiety is a subjective feeling of discomfort caused by threats to self-esteem. Defense mechanisms are unconscious ways of dealing with anxiety, such as repression of unpleasant memories, rationalization by making excuses, and intellectualization of addressing problems logically rather than emotionally. Both successful mechanisms like sublimation and unsuccessful ones like denial are explained with examples.
The document discusses defense mechanisms, which are unconscious coping strategies used to manage anxiety and reduce psychological stress. It describes common defense mechanisms like repression, projection, rationalization, and sublimation. Defense mechanisms can be healthy or unhealthy depending on if they distort reality or interfere with functioning. The document also explains how understanding defense mechanisms helps nurses better support clients' mental health and facilitate adaptive coping.
George Valliant classified defence mechanisms into four categories based on their level of maturity:
1) Narcissistic defences include denial, distortion, and projection which are the most primitive.
2) Immature defences used in adolescents include acting out, blocking, hypochondriasis, and regression.
3) Neurotic defences used in adults under stress include intellectualization, isolation, rationalization, and repression.
4) Mature defences seen in healthy adults are anticipation, humour, suppression, and sublimation.
This document summarizes several theories of personality psychology. It discusses Freud's psychodynamic theory and the id, ego, and superego. It also covers humanistic theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Carl Rogers' fully functioning person. Social cognitive theory is described, focusing on observational learning and reciprocal determinism. Defense mechanisms like repression and rationalization are defined in the Freudian context.
- Freud's model of personality includes the id, ego, and superego. The id operates on the pleasure principle and contains basic urges. The ego and superego work to control the id.
- Defence mechanisms reside in the unconscious ego and help reduce anxiety from conflicts between the id, ego, and superego. They include denial, projection, and distortion which are considered narcissistic defences.
- Other defences include acting out, hypochondriasis, rationalization, repression, and displacement which are considered immature and neurotic defences that people use under stress.
This document provides an overview of Sigmund Freud's structural model of the mind and various ego defence mechanisms. It describes Freud's concepts of the id, ego, and superego and how they interact. It then classifies and defines different types of defence mechanisms, including pathological, immature, neurotic, and mature defences. Examples of each type of defence are given. The document concludes by assigning students the task of identifying defence mechanisms in their classmates and references an additional source for students.
Defense mechanisms help cope with personality imbalance and reduce stress, anxiety, and conflicts arising from tensions between the id, ego, and superego. The major defense mechanisms discussed are repression, suppression, reaction formation, rationalization, intellectualization, sublimation, regression, projection, displacement, and compensation. These unconscious processes help eliminate or reduce the severity of conflict situations by providing temporary relief until problems can be addressed more constructively.
The document outlines and describes various ego defense mechanisms or mental mechanisms that individuals use to protect themselves from psychological dangers and distress. These mechanisms include repression, rationalization, intellectualization, compensation, substitution, sublimation, suppression, reaction formation, displacement, denial, isolation, projection, regression, conversion, and undoing. While well-adjusted individuals use these mechanisms sparingly, maladjusted individuals like psychotics and neurotics rely on them frequently and inappropriately. Examples are provided to illustrate how each mechanism functions.
This document defines and classifies various ego defense mechanisms including: denial, distortion, projection, regression, acting out, hypochondriasis, introjection, passive aggression, rationalization, intellectualization, reaction formation, repression, displacement, dissociation, inhibition, isolation, compensation, splitting, sublimation, anticipation, and altruism. It provides examples of how these defenses are used unconsciously to protect the ego from anxiety and manage internal or external conflicts and stressors.
This document defines and provides examples of common psychological defense mechanisms, which are unconscious coping strategies used to manage anxiety and protect the ego. It outlines 14 defenses: denial, regression, identification, acting out, dissociation, projection, repression, displacement, intellectualization, isolation, rationalization, reaction formation, sublimation, and suppression. Each defense is briefly defined and an example is given to illustrate its use.
Defense mechanisms are unconscious strategies the mind uses to protect itself from anxiety by distorting or denying reality. There are primitive defenses like denial, regression, and acting out that involve avoiding uncomfortable feelings. Less primitive defenses include repression, displacement, intellectualization, and rationalization which distance people from issues in more mature ways. The most constructive defenses are sublimation and compensation which channel uncomfortable feelings into productive outlets.
Psychoanalysis is a theory and therapy method that aims to release repressed emotions and memories to lead to healing. It involves investigating the interaction between conscious and unconscious elements of the mind. Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis and believed people could be cured by making their unconscious thoughts conscious, gaining insight. He proposed stages of psychosexual development and that the id, ego, and superego interact in the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious levels of the mind. Defense mechanisms protect the ego from anxiety by repressing or redirecting thoughts and feelings.
Sigmund Freud and his daughter Anna Freud outlined many of the common defense mechanisms. Defense mechanisms are unconscious coping strategies that protect individuals from anxiety and maintain self-image by blocking feelings, conflicts, and memories. Although they operate automatically, individuals are often unaware of their own use of defense mechanisms.
This document discusses ego defense mechanisms, which are unconscious psychological responses that protect people from anxiety, threats to self-esteem, and difficult feelings or thoughts. It defines defense mechanisms and explains how they work according to Freudian psychoanalytic theory to help the ego manage conflicts between the id, superego, and reality. Different types of defense mechanisms are described, including adaptive mechanisms like repression and sublimation, and maladaptive mechanisms like denial and projection. Characteristics and examples of various defense mechanisms are provided.
The document discusses defense mechanisms, which are unconscious mental processes that help reduce anxiety and internal conflict. Defense mechanisms were first studied comprehensively by Anna Freud in her work expanding on her father Sigmund Freud's research. The document defines defense mechanisms as unconscious coping strategies used by the ego to reduce internal stress arising from conflicts between the id, ego, and superego. Various common defense mechanisms are described, including denial, projection, distortion, splitting, displacement, reaction formation, dissociation, somatization, introjection, hypochondriasis, blocking, compensation, sublimation, rationalization, repression, undoing, identification, and transference. While defense mechanisms can help with adjustment, overreliance on them is
Psychoanalytic theory proposes that personality is determined by unconscious desires, motivations, and childhood experiences. It guides psychoanalysis, a clinical method developed by Sigmund Freud to treat psychopathology by exploring the unconscious mind through techniques like free association, dream interpretation, and analysis of defenses. Key concepts in psychoanalytic theory include the id, ego, and superego; psychosexual stages of development; and defense mechanisms used to resolve conflicts between unconscious and conscious desires.
The document discusses various defense mechanisms used by the ego to help deal with anxiety arising from conflicts between the id, ego, and superego. Some of the key defense mechanisms described include denial, repression, and projection. Denial involves refusing to acknowledge truths, repression keeps disturbing memories from conscious awareness, and projection involves attributing one's own undesirable thoughts or emotions to others. Other mechanisms discussed are reaction formation, fixation and regression, displacement, intellectualization, rationalization, sublimation, anticipation, humor, introjection, and wit. All defense mechanisms distort reality in some way to reduce anxiety.
4. Levels of Consciousness
Conscious: thoughts or
motives that a person is
currently aware of or is
remembering
Preconscious: thoughts or
motives that one can
become aware of easily
Unconscious: thoughts or
motives that lie beyond a
person's normal
awareness but that can be
made available through
psychoanalysis.
5. Freudian Theory
Structures of Personality
Id
Operates
according to the “pleasure principle”
Ego
Operates according to the “reality” principle
Superego
Contains
values and ideals
6. Structure of personality
ID- Pleasure principle
Driven
purely by needs,
wants and desires,
without regard for
consequences (I want it
and I want it now)
11. ANXIETY
Unpleasant inner state that people seek to avoid. Anxiety acts as a
signal to the ego that things are not going right.
Freud identified three types of anxiety:
Neurotic anxiety is the unconscious worry that we will lose control
of the id's urges, resulting in punishment for inappropriate behavior.
Reality anxiety is fear of real-world events. The cause of this
anxiety is usually easily identified. For example, a person might fear
receiving a dog bite when they are near a menacing dog. The most
common way of reducing this anxiety is to avoid the threatening
object.
Moral anxiety involves a fear of violating our own moral principles.
13. Reactions
to frustration can be both positive
and negative.
Positive
reactions are realistic and
reasonable ones.
Negative
reactions are less realistic and
reasonable, those are defensive reactions.
15. DEFENSE MECHANISM
Refer
to unconscious mental processes that
protect the conscious person from
developing anxiety
The
defense mechanisms are ways and
actions which people use in order to hide
their incapability and failure.
16. REPRESSION
Anxiety-evoking
thoughts are
pushed into the unconscious.
“Repressed
memories” are
memories that have been
unconsciously blocked from
access or view.
Example: A woman is unable
to recall that she was raped
17. REGRESSION
A reversion to immature
patterns of behavior.
Is the reversion to an
earlier stage of
development in the face
of unacceptable
thoughts or impulses.
18.
Example: An adolescent who is
overwhelmed with fear, anger and
growing sexual impulses might become
clingy and start exhibiting earlier
childhood behaviors such as bedwetting.
A boss has a temper tantrum when an
employee makes a mistake
Note: An adult may regress when under a
great deal of stress, refusing to leave
their bed and engage in normal,
everyday activities.
19. DISPLACEMENT
Substituting a less threatening object
for the original object of impulse.
Involves taking out our frustrations,
feelings and impulses on people or
objects that are less threatening.
Example: After parental scolding, a
young girl takes her anger out on her
little brother
20. DENIAL
The best known defense
mechanisms.
Denial is an outright refusal to admit
or recognize that something has
occurred or is currently occurring.
Example: Drug addicts or alcoholics
often deny that they have a problem
or an employee deny that the wages
he received is not fair
21. PROJECTION
Person
attributes their own
unacceptable impulses to
others.
Example: A spouse may
be angry at their significant
other for not listening,
when in fact it is the angry
spouse who does not
listen.
22. RATIONALIZATION
Involves explaining an
unacceptable behavior or
feeling in a rational or logical
manner, avoiding the true
reasons for the behavior.
Example: Ian goes out of
drinking the night before a big
test rationalize his behavior by
saying “the test isn't all that
important”
23. SUBLIMATION
Channeling
of unacceptable
impulses, thoughts and
emotions into more acceptable
ones.
Example: For example, a person
experiencing extreme anger
might take up kick-boxing as a
means of venting frustration or a
person with strong feeling of
aggression becomes a soldier
24. REACTION FORMATION
Behaving in a way that is exactly
the opposite of one’s own true
feelings.
Example: a woman who is very
angry with her boss and would
like to quit her job may instead
be overly kind and generous
toward her boss and express a
desire to keep working there
forever.
26. INTELLECTUALIZATION
Intellectualization is the
overemphasis on thinking when
confronted with an unacceptable
impulse, situation or behavior
without employing any emotions.
Example: a person who has just
been given a terminal medical
diagnosis, instead of expressing
their sadness and grief, focuses
instead on the details of all possible
fruitless medical procedures.
28. GROUP ACTIVITY
Form
a group with six members only…
Create a scenario that shows the uses of
different defense mechanism (preparation
time: 10 minutes).
Act / present it on class (3 – 5 minutes
only).
30. REFERENCES
Feldman, Robert S. (2008). Understanding
Psychology (5th edition). Mc Graw Hill
International
Gaerlan, Josefina, Limpingco Delia & Tria
Geraldine. General Psychology (5th
edition). Ken Incorporated
31. THANK YOU
Therefore I say to you
what ever things you asked,
when you pray believed that you
received them and YOU WILL HAVE THEM..
MARK 11:24
Editor's Notes
Psychodynamic theories include all the diverse theories descended from the work of Sigmund Freud, which focus on unconscious mental processes.
Freud‘s psychoanalytic theory (1901, 1924, 1940) grew out of his decades of interactions with his clients. This theory focuses on the influence of early childhood experiences, unconscious motives and conflicts, and the methods people use to cope with sexual and aggressive urges.
Freud divided personality into 3 components.
The id is the primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle, which demands immediate gratification and engages in primary-process thinking (primitive, illogical, irrational, and fantasy oriented).
The ego is the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle, seeking to delay gratification of the id’s urges until appropriate outlets can be found, thus mediating between the id and the external world.
The superego is the moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong…the superego emerges out of the ego at around 3-5 years of age.
Freud’s most enduring insight was his recognition that unconscious forces can influence behavior. Freud theorized that people have 3 levels of awareness, conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.
Psychodynamic theories include all the diverse theories descended from the work of Sigmund Freud, which focus on unconscious mental processes.
Freud‘s psychoanalytic theory (1901, 1924, 1940) grew out of his decades of interactions with his clients. This theory focuses on the influence of early childhood experiences, unconscious motives and conflicts, and the methods people use to cope with sexual and aggressive urges.
Freud divided personality into 3 components.
The id is the primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle, which demands immediate gratification and engages in primary-process thinking (primitive, illogical, irrational, and fantasy oriented).
The ego is the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle, seeking to delay gratification of the id’s urges until appropriate outlets can be found, thus mediating between the id and the external world.
The superego is the moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong…the superego emerges out of the ego at around 3-5 years of age.
Freud’s most enduring insight was his recognition that unconscious forces can influence behavior. Freud theorized that people have 3 levels of awareness, conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.
Psychodynamic theories include all the diverse theories descended from the work of Sigmund Freud, which focus on unconscious mental processes.
Freud‘s psychoanalytic theory (1901, 1924, 1940) grew out of his decades of interactions with his clients. This theory focuses on the influence of early childhood experiences, unconscious motives and conflicts, and the methods people use to cope with sexual and aggressive urges.
Freud divided personality into 3 components.
The id is the primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle, which demands immediate gratification and engages in primary-process thinking (primitive, illogical, irrational, and fantasy oriented).
The ego is the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle, seeking to delay gratification of the id’s urges until appropriate outlets can be found, thus mediating between the id and the external world.
The superego is the moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong…the superego emerges out of the ego at around 3-5 years of age.
Freud’s most enduring insight was his recognition that unconscious forces can influence behavior. Freud theorized that people have 3 levels of awareness, conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.