This document discusses personality, defining it as the sum of an individual's physical, mental, emotional and social characteristics. It explores theories of personality from ancient Greek temperaments to modern Big Five traits. Key aspects covered include the psychological and sociological study of personality, the uniqueness of each individual, and factors that influence personality development over time.

1. Personal i ty
Owais
Farhan
Faisal
Haris
Ibrahim
By:
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2. Meaning
 Derived from latin word PERSONA
o Persona - a role adopted by an actor or any
person.
 Term was introduce in late 14 century
o “quality or fact of being a person”
o “a distinctive character” in 1975
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3. What is Personality?
 The sum total of the physical, mental, emotional, a
nd social characteristics of an individual.
Psychology
 Personality is the totality of habits, attitudes and
traits that result from socialization and
characterizes us in our relationship with others.
Anderson and Parker
 Personality represents those structural and
dynamic properties of an individual or individuals
as they reflect themselves in characteristic
responses to situations.
Lawrence A Pewin
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4. Example
 A person as an embodiment of a collection o
f qualities:
◦ He is a curious personality.
 The visible aspect of one’s character as it
impressed others:
◦ He has a pleasing personality.
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5. Study of personality
1. Psychological
◦ mental trends, complexes, emotions and sentiments. The
psychological approach enables us to understand the
phenomena of personality disorganization and the role of
wishes
2. Sociological
◦ Personality in terms of the status of the individual in the
group, in terms of his conception of his role in the group
of which he is a member. What others think of us plays a
large part in the formation of our personality.
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6. In Brief
 Personality is not related to bodily structure alone.
It includes both structure and dynamics.
 Personality is an indivisible unit.
 Personality is neither good nor bad.
 Every personality is unique
 Personality is acquired.
 Personality is influenced by social interaction.
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7. History
 Hippocrates
◦ Four Temperaments
1. Fire - Choleric
 Ruling excitable, impulsive, and restless, with
reserves of aggression, energy, and/or passion
2. Air - Sanguine
 lively, sociable, carefree, talkative, and happiness-seeker.
3. Water - Phlegmatic
 private, thoughtful, reasonable, calm, patient, caring,
and tolerant
4. Earth - Melancholic
 serious, quiet, cautious or even suspicious
Hippocrates – an 2400 year old ancient Greek physician
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8. Five Temperaments
 Water - Phlegmatic
◦ private, thoughtful, reasonable, calm, patient, caring, and
tolerant
◦ Expresses a moderate need.
◦ Wants only the same moderate amount in return.
 Supine
◦ More "needy" for acceptance (or control) from people
◦ Less able to initiate
◦ Supines are often frustrated because they expect people to
know they want interaction
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9. Words representing Personality
 Allport & Odbert (1936)
◦ Point 17,953 word out of 400,000 words, representing personality.
 Catell (1942)
◦ angry, short-tempered and irritable are all similar in concept sorted
in seprate cluster
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10. Big Five personality traits
(OCEAN)
1. Openness to experience
◦ inventive/curious vs. consistent/cautious
2. Conscientiousness
◦ efficient/organized vs. easy-going/careless
3. Extraversion
◦ outgoing/energetic vs. solitary/reserved
4.Agreeableness
◦ friendly/compassionate vs. analytical/detached
5.Neuroticism
◦ sensitive/nervous vs. secure/confident
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11. Openness to experience
• Appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual
ideas, curiosity, and variety of experience.
1. I have a rich vocabulary.
2. I have a vivid imagination.
3. I have excellent ideas.
4. I am quick to understand things.
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12. Conscientiousness
 Prefer planned rather than spontaneous behavior.
1. I am always prepared.
2. I pay attention to details.
3. I get chores done right away.
4. I like order.
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13. Extraversion
 Energy, positive emotions, surgency, assertiveness,
sociability and talkativeness.
1. I am the life of the party.
2. I don't mind being the center of attention.
3. I feel comfortable around people.
4. I start conversations.
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14. Agreeableness
• Compassionate, cooperative and helpful nature.
1. I am interested in people.
2. I sympathize with others' feelings.
3. I have a soft heart.
4. I take time out for others.
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15. Neuroticism
• The tendency to experience unpleasant emotions
easily, such as anger, anxiety, depression, and
vulnerability.
1. I am easily disturbed.
2. I change my mood a lot.
3. I get irritated easily.
4. I get stressed out easily.
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16. Personality Development
1. Be Confident
2. Be Yourself
3. Have an Opinion
4. Body Language
5. Be Courteous
6. Good Listener
7. Little funny
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17. Biblography
 dictionary.reference.com
 sociologyguide.com
 wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_temperaments
 wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Temperaments
 wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Five_personality_traits
 sociologyguide.com
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