The document provides information about examining a blood smear under Wright's stain and identifying different blood cell morphologies: - The feathered edge of a blood smear is the best place to examine red blood cell morphology, where they lie in a single layer without overlapping. - Red blood cells can be identified as microcytic, macrocytic, or anisocytic based on their size compared to a lymphocyte nucleus, and as poikilocytic if their shape varies greatly. - Abnormal red blood cell shapes include spherocytes, schistocytes, acanthocytes, and different inclusions like Howell-Jolly bodies, nuclei, parasites, and Heinz bodies can indicate

2. P.S
• Wright’s stain
• best place to examine blood cell morphology
is the feathered edge of the blood smear
• red cells lie in a single layer, side by side, just
barely touching one another but not
overlapping

3. red blood cells
• Size - by comparing the red cell to the nucleus of
a small lymphocyte
• Smaller – microcytic
• Larger – macrocytic
• vary greatly in size – anisocytosis
• vary greatly in shape – poikilocytosis
• hemoglobin content- normal in color
(normochromic ) or pale in color ( hypochromic )

8. Red cells shapes.
• All abnormally shaped cells – poikilocytes
• Small red cells without the central pallor are
spherocytes - hereditary spherocytosis,
hemolytic anemias of other causes, and
clostridial sepsis
• Schistocytes -helmet-shaped cells
microangiopathic hemolytic anemia or
fragmentation on an artificial heart valve

12. thalassemia, iron deficiency, cholestatic liver
disease, and some hemoglobinopathies.

15. Acanthocytes - renal disease,
abetalipoproteinemia, or splenectomy

16. Red cell inclusions
• Basophilic stippling —diffuse fine or coarse blue
dots - represent RNA residue— common in lead
poisoning
• Howell-Jolly bodies —dense blue circular
inclusions – represent nuclear remnants implies
defective splenic function
• Nuclei— red cells may be released or pushed out
of the marrow prematurely before nuclear
extrusion— implies a myelophthisic process or a
vigorous narrow response to anemia,usually
hemolytic anemia

17. • Parasites —malaria and babesia
• Polychromatophilia —cytoplasm has a bluish
hue - persistence of ribosomes still actively
making hemoglobin
• Heinz bodies - precipitated hemoglobin - Vital
stains

23. white blood cells
• Three types of granulocytes: neutrophils,
eosinophils, and basophils, in decreasing
frequency
• Neutrophils - lobulated nucleus with two to
five lobes
• Bands - immature neutrophils that have not
completed nuclear condensation and have a
U-shaped nucleus
• “toxic granulations” - systemic inflammation

25. Pelger-Hüet anomaly - benign disorder, the
majorityof granulocytes are bilobed

26. Döhle bodies , can reflect infections, burns,
or other inflammatory states

27. Large misshapen granules may reflect the
inherited Chediak-Higashi syndrome

29. Normal bone marrow