The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Operative Dentistry Viva questions. To help you revise your syllabus for examination.
If you found it helpful, please leave a feedback.
Thank You,
Dr. Almas Muhammad Arshad
Dr. Muaaz Amjad
Operative Dentistry Viva questions. To help you revise your syllabus for examination.
If you found it helpful, please leave a feedback.
Thank You,
Dr. Almas Muhammad Arshad
Dr. Muaaz Amjad
A absolutely minimalist way to describe each and every diagnostic aid in the beautiful stream of endodontics.
one has to understand the topic by going through the bible, "Grossman 13th Edition" along with the slides I've created.
Hope this helps.
by Dr. Ishaan Adhaulia
DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY - ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENTDr.Shraddha Kode
Dentinal Hypersensitivity is a common clinical condition which is sharp in character and of short duration in response to stimuli. It is associated with exposed dentin surfaces. This presentation provides a brief overview - its etiology, diagnosis and treatment.
this presntation is on diagnosis of various radiopaque lesions of maxilla and mandible as well as normal anatomic structure which appear radiopaque on the radiograph. sunject oral medicine and radiology.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
A absolutely minimalist way to describe each and every diagnostic aid in the beautiful stream of endodontics.
one has to understand the topic by going through the bible, "Grossman 13th Edition" along with the slides I've created.
Hope this helps.
by Dr. Ishaan Adhaulia
DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY - ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENTDr.Shraddha Kode
Dentinal Hypersensitivity is a common clinical condition which is sharp in character and of short duration in response to stimuli. It is associated with exposed dentin surfaces. This presentation provides a brief overview - its etiology, diagnosis and treatment.
this presntation is on diagnosis of various radiopaque lesions of maxilla and mandible as well as normal anatomic structure which appear radiopaque on the radiograph. sunject oral medicine and radiology.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
mixed radiolucent and radiopaque lesions / oral surgery coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Radiopacities not necessarily contacting teeth/ dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Solitary cyst like radiolucencies not contacting teeth/ dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Jaw lesion radiology ppt ppt . This powerpoint presentation includes important anatomy, radiographs and important pathology of jaw lesion with its imaging feature as well as its Xray ct mri image. This will help alot. this will help for radiology resident as well as ent resident and event dentist.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
supernumerary tooth /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
A cyst is an epithelium-lined sac containing fluid or semisolid material. In the formation of a cyst, the epithelial cells first proliferate and later undergo degeneration and liquefaction. The liquefied material exerts equal pressure on the walls of the cyst from within. Cysts grow by expansion and thus displace the adjacent teeth by pressure. May can produce expansion of the cortical bone. On a radiograph, the radiolucency of a cyst is usually bordered by a radiopaque periphery of dense sclerotic bone. The radiolucency may be unilocular or multilocular. Odontogenic cysts are those which arise from the epithelium associated with the development of teeth. The source of epithelium is from the enamel organ, the reduced enamel epithelium, the cell rests of Malassez or the remnants of the dental lamina.
Prevention and Treatment of Abused Tissue /cosmetic dentistry coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
7. Sclerosing osteomyelitis / chronic osteomyelitis
Sclerosis of sequestrum/ surrounding bone
Hyperostotic border
Sclerosis
Surrounds benign osteolytic process with in the bone(cysts,
granuloma,benign tumours ,slowly expanding malignancy)
PRESSURE OF EXPANDING TUMOUR
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. True periapical radiopacities
• These are group of lesions that occur in the
immediate region of periapex and are
composed of dense bone,cartilage,hard dental
tissues,or foreign material
• Condensing /sclerosing osteitis-sclerosis of the
bone is induced by an inflammation or
infection
• In this lesion there is proliferation of bone
tissue.
• They are produced by the extension of the
inflammatory process into the periapical area.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. • Chronic infection acts as irritating factor
(causing resorption of bone )and a stimulating
factor (producing dense bone.
Features
• Nonvital tooth
• No pain,swelling,drainage,or associated
lymphadenitis
• Site- apices mandibular 1stmolar
• Sex-f:m-3:2
• Age <30yrs
• 12%cases-root resorption
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. Differential diagnosis
• Idiopathic osteosclerosis-vital teeth
• Hypercementosis-tooth root is seperated from
periapical bone by pdl space
• Foreign body introduced during rct-h/o rct
• Pcod/fcod-have thin uniform radiolucent rim
Age>30yrs
Management-extraction
Rct
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. Periapical idiopathic
osteosclerosis
• Enostosis,dense bone island,bone whorls, bone
eburnation
• It is acommon finding on full mouth radiographs of
dentulous pts over 12yrs of age
• Idiopathic-not readily apparent/understood
• Features-
• Site-mandibular 1st premolar and canine
• Sex-f=m
• Vital tooth
• No pain ,swelling,cortical change,softness, drianage,or
lymphadenitis,alv.mucosa is normal
• Size-few mm to 2cm in diameter
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. • It is round to irregular with with well defined
/ragged borders
• Occasionally they are multiple and bilateral
• Inc incidence-colrectal cancers /adenomas
• Differential Diagnosis –
• Dense trabecular pattern in alveolar bone
induced by heavy masticatory forces-sclerosis
involves entire alveolar process, diffuse outline
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. • Hypercementosis-club shaped appearance of
tooth root and root is seperated from adj bone
by pdl space
• Pcod/fcod- welldefined radiopacity surrounded
by radiolucent halo
• Condensing osteitis-nonvital teeth
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. Mature pcod/fcod
• It is a reactive phenomenon that arises from
elements with in the periodontal ligament
• These lesions are sub divided into
• 2groups- 1.Mandibular incisor
region(pcod)
• 2.Premolar molar region(fcod
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. Unerupted succedenous teeth
• When the permanent crown of succedenous
teeth are completely formed and resorption
of corresponding deciduous teeth is initiated
the images of permanent tooth crowns
represent periapical radiopacities.
• Age-<12-13 yrs
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. Foreign bodies
• Radiopaque foreign bodies in the periapex
are usually root canal filling materials.
• Images produced by extruded guttapercha
,silver points,sealer or retrograde amalgam
restoration and filled root canal –periapical
radiopacities
• H/o root canal filling
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. hypercementosis
• Cemental hyperplasia
• Excessive formation of cementum on the
surface of the root of the tooth.
• Etiology-not known
• Associated with periapical inflammatory
conditions –pcod,systemic diseases(pagets ,
acromegaly,gigantism
www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. features
• Asymptomatic
• Premolars , molars
• It may be confined to small region of root or
whole root .
• They may be bilateral and a generalised
form with hyperplasia of cementum on all
root surfaces may be seen.
• Vital tooth and not sensitive to percussion.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. Radiographic features
• Club shaped root
• Normal pdl space and lamina dura
• In anterior teeth they appear as spherical mass
of cementum attached to root end
• Differential diagnosis
• False radiopaque images
• The projected radiopacities are not delineated
by pdl space and lamina dura
• Tube shift method
www.indiandentalacademy.com
36. False periapical radiopacities
• They can be categerised into
• Radiodense bodies with in the bone situated
either buccally or lingually to the apex
• Hard or soft tissue situated on the periphery
of the bone or in the adjacent soft tissue.
• They can be identified altering the angle of
the projection
www.indiandentalacademy.com
37. Anatomical structures
• Anterior nasal spine
• Ala of the nose
• Malar process of maxilla
• External oblique ridge
• Mental protuberance
• Mylohyiod ridge and hyiod bone
www.indiandentalacademy.com
40. Impacted teeth supernumarary teeth
and compound odontomas
• Radiographically they appear as periapical
radiopacities and the they can be identified
by-density and shape
• Clarks tube shift technique
www.indiandentalacademy.com
42. Tori , exostosis andperipheral
osteomas
– On radiographic examination tori , exostosis
may appear as single or multiple smoothly
contoured dense radiopaque masses
– Their shadows happen to fall in an apical area
on the radiograph shifting the tube
demonstrates these are false periapical
radiopacities
www.indiandentalacademy.com
44. Retained root tips
• Molar regions
• It canbe identified by
• Shape of the root and its root canal, pdl
space,lamina dura
• Tube shift method
www.indiandentalacademy.com
46. Foreign bodies
• Metal fragments ,buttons,zippers ,hooks,and
fragments of the instrument
• They appear in the radiographs as periapical
radiopacities
• h/o restorations
www.indiandentalacademy.com
48. Mucosal cyst of maxillary sinus
• It represents retention cyst in the lining
mucosa of the maxillary sinus
• Features-
• M=f
• Bilateral
• Age 3rd decade
• Asymptomatic
www.indiandentalacademy.com
49. • On radiographs the cyst may appear as dense
dome shaped mass with with its base on the
floor of maxillary sinus
• The apices of maxillary 1st and 2nd molars may
apear to be with in the opaque image of the
cyst
• Diagnosis-location and appearance of dome
shaped radiopaque structure
• Periodic radiographic examination
www.indiandentalacademy.com
51. Differential diagnosis
• True radiopacities-condensing osteitis
• Periapical idiopathic osteosclerosis
• Pcod
• Malignant tumour of sinus
• Fibrous dysplasia of maxillary sinus-ground
glass appearance
• Radiographic views such as panoramic,waters
,pa view identify it as a mass situated in the
maxillary sinus.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
52. Ectopic calcifications
• Ectopic calcifications in the soft tissues
surrounding the jaw-mistaken as calcified
odontogenic cyst
• They diagnosed by –radiopacities are
surrounded by pdl space and lamina dura
• Location of these ectopic calcifications are
shown to be away from the teeth by clarks
tube shift method.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
53. sialoliths
• These are calcareous deposits in the ducts of
minor and major salivary glands or with in
the glands
• They are thought to form from a slowly
calcifying nidus of tissue or bacterial debris
www.indiandentalacademy.com
54. Major salivary gland sialolith
The submandibular gland is the most common site of
involvement, 80 to 90%
The parotid gland - 5 to 15%
The sublingual gland or minor salivary glands- 2 to 5%
REASONS:
• The torturous course of Wharton’s duct
• Higher calcium and phosphate levels, and
• The dependent position of the submandibular
glands,which leave them prone to stasis.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
55. features
• Present with a history of acute, painful, and intermittent
swelling of the affected major salivary gland.
• Typically, eating will initiate the salivary gland
swelling.
• The involved gland is usually enlarged and tender
• The soft tissue surrounding the duct may show a severe
inflammatory reaction
• Complications: Acute sialadenitis,
Ductal stricture, and
Ductal dilatation
www.indiandentalacademy.com
56. Radiographic features
R/F:
LOCATION: Submandibular gland ( 83 to 94 %)
50% lies in the distal portion of warthons duct,
20% in the proximal portion ,
30% in the gland itself
PERIPHERY & SHAPE:
Duct- cylindric & very smooth in their outline
INTERNAL STRUCTURE:
Some stones are Homogeneously RO
Others show evidence of multiple layers of calcifications
www.indiandentalacademy.com
58. Multiple sialoliths and a sialolith of unusual size in the
submandibular duct :A case report
www.indiandentalacademy.com
59. Differential diagnosis
Hyiod bone Myositis ossifans phleboliths
Bilaterally
Shape –v shaped
Restriction of mandibualr
movements
Symptoms of sailadenitis
are absent
Calcifications in
the walls of facial
artery
Foreign bodies Avulsed toth Calcified lymph
node
-serpentine
calcified image is
diagnostic
Charecteristic shape
h/o trauma
Shape
h/o trauma
•Incidence
•Painful swelling is
not persent,old
burned out
asymptomatic
lesion.
•sialogram
www.indiandentalacademy.com
60. • Management-
• Small sialolith-milking of duct
• Large sialolith-surgical excision
www.indiandentalacademy.com
61. Minor salivary gland sialoliths
• They are usually solitary ,small ,painless
submucosal nodules that are fully movable
in the tissue .
• Location-buccal mucosa ,upperlip ,palate
• Age-5th -7th decade
• Rarely multiple siaoliths may be seen
www.indiandentalacademy.com
63. Rhinoliths and antroliths
• Calcareous concretions that occur in the
nose(rhinolith) or the antrum of the
maxillary sinus(anthroliths) arise from the
deposition of nasal,lacrimal and
inflammatory mineral salts
Anthrolith Rhinolith
Endogenous Exogenous substance
Adult population Pediatric population
www.indiandentalacademy.com
66. Differential diagnosis
Periapical condensing
osteitis
Buccal exostosis or
palatine torus
Complex odontoma
Non vital tooth
Additional films show
that mass is not
encroaching the sinus
Clinical examination Radiopacity is surrounded
by radiolucent capsule
www.indiandentalacademy.com
67. • Conecuts
• Eyeglasses
• Ala of the nose
• inferior additional
portion of malar process fims
of the maxilla should be
taken
• Root tips in maxillary sinus-root canal present
• Fibrous dysplasia-ground glass appearance on
periapical radiograph
• Mucous retention cyst-dome shaped appearance
www.indiandentalacademy.com
68. Calcified lymph nodes
• They occur in cervical and submaxillary
regions
• Majority-submandibular lymph nodes
• On certain radiographic views they may
appear over mandibular bones /apex of
mandibular tooth
www.indiandentalacademy.com
69. features
• Asymptomatic
• H/o succesful treatment of tuberculosis
• Isolated nodes /several nodes/whole chain of
nodes –calcified
• Superficial nodes-palpated as bony hard ,round
or linear masses with variable mobility.
• Radiographs-single round ,oval or linear
radiopaque mass with well contoured and well
defined outline.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
71. Differential diagnosis
• Sialoliths
• Superimposed myosistis ossificans
• Tubercular calcified lymph node must be
differentiated from histoplasmosis,bacillus
calmette –guerin vaccination,cocccidosis
Filariasis,lymphoma,metastatic calcifying
tumour and idiopathic calcifications
www.indiandentalacademy.com
72. phleboliths
• Calcified thrombi occuring in venules ,veins,or
sinusiodal vessels of hemangiomas
• They may occurs singly or multiple
calcifications and are usually small
radiopacities ,may be round or oval and may
show concentric light and dark rings
• Differential diagnosis-
• Sialoliths ,tonsilloliths,calcified acne,myositis
ossificans and arterial calcifications
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74. Arterial calcifications
• Calcification frequently accompanies
arteriosclerosis and facial artery may be
affected.
• Radiographic-serpentine outline and position
of the faint radiopacity are pathognomic
• This radiopaque image may cast over the body
of the mandible near the inferior borders
• Differential diagnosis- sialoliths
• Calcified lymph nodes
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