This document describes various tumors that can occur in the jaws, classified as benign or malignant odontogenic tumors, non-odontogenic tumors, and metastatic tumors. It provides details on location, periphery, internal structure, effects on surrounding structures, imaging features, and differential diagnosis for common tumor types such as ameloblastoma, odontoma, central giant cell granuloma, and osteosarcoma. Radiographic evaluation is important for diagnosis and determining the extent of tumors of the jaws.
This document discusses and compares different types of non-odontogenic (not related to teeth) cysts. It separates them into developmental and inflammatory cysts. Developmental cysts form due to epithelial cell remnants becoming trapped during embryonic development, while inflammatory cysts form due to duct obstruction or trauma. Some examples of developmental cysts mentioned are nasopalatine duct cysts, median palatal cysts, and dermoid cysts. Inflammatory cysts include mucoceles, ranulas caused by salivary gland duct obstruction, and retention cysts of the maxillary sinus. The document provides details on pathogenesis, clinical features, histopathology, diagnosis and treatment of several of these cyst types.
This document discusses various types of pseudocysts and true cysts found in the body. It begins by defining the key differences between a true cyst and a pseudocyst. Pseudocysts are lined by granulation and/or fibrous tissue rather than an epithelial cell layer. The document then classifies and describes different types of pseudocysts including traumatic bone cysts, aneurysmal bone cysts, and developmental cysts. It provides details on the etiology, location, patient demographics, clinical presentation, radiographic features, histopathology and treatment for each type.
The document discusses different types of cysts that can occur in the jaws.
It classifies cysts as either odontogenic or non-odontogenic, and lists examples of cysts that fall into each category such as dentigerous cysts, radicular cysts, nasopalatine cysts, and others.
It provides details on the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, radiographic appearance, and treatment of some of the more common odontogenic cysts like primordial cysts, dentigerous cysts, and radicular cysts.
This document discusses various types of tumors and tumor-like swellings of the jaws, with a focus on ameloblastoma. It defines key terms like tumor, neoplasm, cyst, and classifies odontogenic tumors. It then describes ameloblastoma in detail - the most common odontogenic tumor. It discusses the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features of various subtypes of ameloblastoma including follicular, plexiform, basal, granular, and desmoplastic. Treatment typically involves wide excision. Unicystic and peripheral variants are also outlined. Rare malignant variants that can metastasize are mentioned.
This document discusses various types of odontogenic cysts. It begins with introducing cysts in general and then classifies odontogenic cysts based on etiology and tissue of origin. Several specific types of odontogenic cysts are then described in more detail, including their clinical features, radiographic features, and differential diagnosis. These include dentigerous cysts, eruption cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, gingival cysts of newborn and adult, lateral periodontal cysts, calcifying odontogenic cysts, periapical cysts, residual cysts, and paradental cysts.
This document summarizes various radiopaque lesions seen in dental radiographs. It describes normal anatomical radiopacities such as those seen in the maxilla and mandible. It then discusses pathological radiopacities associated with teeth including condensing osteitis, idiopathic osteosclerosis, Garre's osteomyelitis, and hypercementosis. Non-tooth associated radiopacities like tori, exostoses, osteomas, and foreign bodies are also mentioned. The document provides details on the clinical features, radiographic appearance, differential diagnosis, and management of conditions like condensing osteitis, idiopathic osteosclerosis, periapical cemental dysplasia, and Garre
An overview of various pathological processes affecting the Jaw Bones- Maxilla and Mandible including odontogenic cysts and tumours including their radiological findings!
1) The nasopalatine duct cyst originates from epithelial remnants of the nasopalatine duct and most commonly presents as a well-defined radiolucency in the midline of the anterior maxilla near the incisive foramen.
2) A 35-year-old male presented with a painless swelling over the palate that was diagnosed as a nasopalatine duct cyst based on radiographic and histological features.
3) The cyst was treated by surgical enucleation and recurrence is uncommon.
This document discusses and compares different types of non-odontogenic (not related to teeth) cysts. It separates them into developmental and inflammatory cysts. Developmental cysts form due to epithelial cell remnants becoming trapped during embryonic development, while inflammatory cysts form due to duct obstruction or trauma. Some examples of developmental cysts mentioned are nasopalatine duct cysts, median palatal cysts, and dermoid cysts. Inflammatory cysts include mucoceles, ranulas caused by salivary gland duct obstruction, and retention cysts of the maxillary sinus. The document provides details on pathogenesis, clinical features, histopathology, diagnosis and treatment of several of these cyst types.
This document discusses various types of pseudocysts and true cysts found in the body. It begins by defining the key differences between a true cyst and a pseudocyst. Pseudocysts are lined by granulation and/or fibrous tissue rather than an epithelial cell layer. The document then classifies and describes different types of pseudocysts including traumatic bone cysts, aneurysmal bone cysts, and developmental cysts. It provides details on the etiology, location, patient demographics, clinical presentation, radiographic features, histopathology and treatment for each type.
The document discusses different types of cysts that can occur in the jaws.
It classifies cysts as either odontogenic or non-odontogenic, and lists examples of cysts that fall into each category such as dentigerous cysts, radicular cysts, nasopalatine cysts, and others.
It provides details on the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, radiographic appearance, and treatment of some of the more common odontogenic cysts like primordial cysts, dentigerous cysts, and radicular cysts.
This document discusses various types of tumors and tumor-like swellings of the jaws, with a focus on ameloblastoma. It defines key terms like tumor, neoplasm, cyst, and classifies odontogenic tumors. It then describes ameloblastoma in detail - the most common odontogenic tumor. It discusses the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features of various subtypes of ameloblastoma including follicular, plexiform, basal, granular, and desmoplastic. Treatment typically involves wide excision. Unicystic and peripheral variants are also outlined. Rare malignant variants that can metastasize are mentioned.
This document discusses various types of odontogenic cysts. It begins with introducing cysts in general and then classifies odontogenic cysts based on etiology and tissue of origin. Several specific types of odontogenic cysts are then described in more detail, including their clinical features, radiographic features, and differential diagnosis. These include dentigerous cysts, eruption cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, gingival cysts of newborn and adult, lateral periodontal cysts, calcifying odontogenic cysts, periapical cysts, residual cysts, and paradental cysts.
This document summarizes various radiopaque lesions seen in dental radiographs. It describes normal anatomical radiopacities such as those seen in the maxilla and mandible. It then discusses pathological radiopacities associated with teeth including condensing osteitis, idiopathic osteosclerosis, Garre's osteomyelitis, and hypercementosis. Non-tooth associated radiopacities like tori, exostoses, osteomas, and foreign bodies are also mentioned. The document provides details on the clinical features, radiographic appearance, differential diagnosis, and management of conditions like condensing osteitis, idiopathic osteosclerosis, periapical cemental dysplasia, and Garre
An overview of various pathological processes affecting the Jaw Bones- Maxilla and Mandible including odontogenic cysts and tumours including their radiological findings!
1) The nasopalatine duct cyst originates from epithelial remnants of the nasopalatine duct and most commonly presents as a well-defined radiolucency in the midline of the anterior maxilla near the incisive foramen.
2) A 35-year-old male presented with a painless swelling over the palate that was diagnosed as a nasopalatine duct cyst based on radiographic and histological features.
3) The cyst was treated by surgical enucleation and recurrence is uncommon.
This document discusses different types of odontogenic tumors. It classifies them into three categories: tumors of odontogenic epithelium, mixed odontogenic tumors, and tumors of odontogenic ectomesenchyme. Key tumors discussed include ameloblastoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT), and calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT). Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumor and can be solid/multicystic, unicystic, or peripheral. AOT typically occurs in younger females in the anterior maxilla. CEOT accounts for less than 1% of odontogenic tumors and resembles cells of the enamel organ or dental lamina.
A cyst is an epithelium-lined sac containing fluid or semisolid material. In the formation of a cyst, the epithelial cells first proliferate and later undergo degeneration and liquefaction. The liquefied material exerts equal pressure on the walls of the cyst from within. Cysts grow by expansion and thus displace the adjacent teeth by pressure. May can produce expansion of the cortical bone. On a radiograph, the radiolucency of a cyst is usually bordered by a radiopaque periphery of dense sclerotic bone. The radiolucency may be unilocular or multilocular. Odontogenic cysts are those which arise from the epithelium associated with the development of teeth. The source of epithelium is from the enamel organ, the reduced enamel epithelium, the cell rests of Malassez or the remnants of the dental lamina.
The document discusses odontogenic tumors arising from odontogenic tissues. It defines key terms and provides an overview of the classification of odontogenic tumors. It then focuses on ameloblastoma, the most common odontogenic tumor, describing its pathogenesis, clinical features, subtypes, histopathology, radiographic appearance and treatment. Differential diagnoses are also reviewed.
This document discusses odontomas, which are benign odontogenic tumors composed of dental tissue like enamel, dentin, and pulp. There are two main types: compound odontomas, which appear like small tooth structures, and complex odontomas, which have a disorganized appearance. Odontomas are usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on x-rays during dental exams. On x-rays, they appear as radiopaque masses surrounded by a radiolucent rim. Treatment involves simple surgical removal, with an excellent prognosis and no recurrence.
This document provides an overview of fibro-osseous lesions, which are characterized by the replacement of normal bone by fibrous tissue containing mineralized products. It discusses the definitions, classifications, specific lesions including fibrous dysplasia and cherubism, radiological differential diagnosis, and references various classification systems proposed over time. The classifications discussed include those proposed by Waldron, Malek, Slootweg & Muller, WHO, Brannon & Fowler, Speight & Carlos, and Eversole. Key lesions like fibrous dysplasia, cherubism, ossifying fibroma, cemento-osseous dysplasia are also defined.
This document describes vesiculo-bullous lesions, which present clinically as vesicles or bullae that often rupture early, appearing as ulcerated or erosive areas. Some key points:
- Vesicles are fluid-filled lesions less than 1 cm, while bullae contain fluid and are over 1 cm.
- Causes include trauma, infection, autoimmunity, and genetic factors.
- Examples described include herpes simplex infection, varicella zoster infection, and hand foot and mouth disease. Clinical features, pathogenesis, management are provided for each. Classification is discussed based on acute vs chronic presentation, clinical presentation, and histopathological location.
This document discusses mixed odontogenic tumors and odontogenic sarcomas according to the 2005 WHO classification. It provides details on ameloblastic fibroma, its clinical features, histopathology, radiographic features and differential diagnosis. It also discusses ameloblastic fibro-odontoma and fibro-dentinoma, calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor, complex and compound odontomas, and odontoameloblastoma. The key information provided includes the definitions, epidemiology, clinical and radiographic presentation, histopathology, and differential diagnosis of these odontogenic lesions.
Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary condition that affects the formation of dentin in both primary and permanent teeth. It is classified into two main types - dentinogenesis imperfecta type 1 and type 2. Type 1 is caused by mutations in the DSPP gene and affects only the teeth. Type 2 may be caused by mutations in two tightly linked genes and is characterized by multiple pulp exposures and shell-like teeth. Treatment aims to prevent wear of enamel and dentin through full coverage restorations.
Benign tumors of the jaw were discussed. Key points include:
- Benign tumors are slow-growing, do not metastasize or invade surrounding tissues, and have well-defined borders on radiographs.
- Common benign jaw tumors discussed include ameloblastoma, calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (Pindborg tumor), odontoma, and ameloblastic fibroma.
- Radiographic features help differentiate benign tumors and include location, well-defined or corticated borders, internal structure patterns like septa, and effects on surrounding structures like tooth displacement.
The document discusses different types of cysts that can occur in the oral region, dividing them into odontogenic cysts and non-odontogenic cysts. Odontogenic cysts include radicular, dentigerous, primordial, odontogenic keratocyst, and lateral periodontal cysts. Non-odontogenic cysts include globulomaxillary, nasolabial, median palatal, and nasopalatine canal cysts. Each cyst type is described in terms of etiology, clinical features, radiographic appearance, histology, and treatment.
This document discusses cysts of the oral and maxillofacial region. It defines true cysts as pathological cavities lined by epithelium and containing fluid, and pseudo cysts as cavities not lined by epithelium that may contain fluid. Cysts are classified based on their origin (odontogenic vs non-odontogenic) and location. Diagnosis involves history, clinical examination, radiographic evaluation and sometimes aspiration biopsy or surgical biopsy. Treatment options include enucleation, marsupialization, or a combination depending on the cyst size and location.
This document provides definitions and classifications of radiopaque lesions that can be seen on dental radiographs. It begins with defining normal radiopacity and listing common anatomical radiopacities seen in the jaws. Lesions are then classified as abnormalities of the teeth, developmental conditions affecting bone, inflammatory conditions, and odontogenic/non-odontogenic tumors. Specific conditions like condensing osteitis, periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia, odontomes, and cementoblastoma are described in detail with their typical radiographic features and differences.
The document discusses controversies surrounding odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs). It covers the history and terminology of OKCs, their etiology and pathogenesis, clinical and radiographic features, histopathology, treatment and recurrence rates. There is ongoing debate around whether OKCs should be considered cysts or tumors due to their locally aggressive behavior and high recurrence rates. The document also explores theories on malignant transformation of OKCs and biomarkers that may help predict their biological potential.
A traumatic bone cyst is a lesion that forms within bone, often in the mandible, that lacks an epithelial lining. It is believed to result from trauma that causes a hematoma within the bone that fails to organize, leaving an empty cavity. Teenagers are most commonly affected, presenting with swelling or pain. Radiographs show a well-delineated radiolucent area with scalloped borders between tooth roots. Histopathology finds minimal fibrous tissue without an epithelial component.
This document discusses several diseases and conditions that affect bone in the jaws, including fibrous dysplasia, periapical cemental dysplasia, florid osseous dysplasia, cemento-ossifying fibroma, central giant cell granuloma, aneurysmal bone cyst, cherubism, Paget's disease, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. For each condition, the document describes clinical features, radiographic features including location, periphery, internal structure and effects on surrounding structures. Differential diagnosis and management are also discussed.
This document discusses odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), a type of jaw cyst. It covers the classification, causes, histopathology, clinical features, radiographic features, differential diagnosis, treatment principles, and surgical treatment options for OKCs. OKCs most commonly occur in the mandibular molar and ramus areas and are often radiolucent and multilocular in appearance on radiographs. Treatment options include wide surgical excision or marsupialization to prevent recurrence of these cysts which have a high rate of recurrence compared to other jaw cysts.
This document provides an overview of cysts of the oral and maxillofacial region. It defines cysts and discusses their classification, parts, pathogenesis and mechanisms of enlargement. It also describes key cysts such as dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts and eruption cysts in detail, covering their definitions, locations, clinical and radiographic features, histology, differential diagnosis and complications. Dentigerous and odontogenic keratocysts are the most common epithelial cysts of the jaws.
Jaw bone cysts are fluid-filled cavities lined by epithelium that are commonly found in the jaw. The most common types are radicular (periapical) cysts and dentigerous cysts. Radicular cysts form in response to non-vital teeth and are usually asymptomatic, while dentigerous cysts form by fluid accumulation between the reduced enamel epithelium and an unerupted tooth. Diagnosis involves history, imaging like x-rays, and sometimes biopsy. Treatment options depend on size and include observation, marsupialization, or surgical removal.
Jaw lesion radiology ppt ppt . This powerpoint presentation includes important anatomy, radiographs and important pathology of jaw lesion with its imaging feature as well as its Xray ct mri image. This will help alot. this will help for radiology resident as well as ent resident and event dentist.
This document summarizes several odontogenic tumors including: ameloblastoma (benign, locally aggressive tumor of odontogenic epithelium that commonly occurs in the mandible), adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (uncommon, nonaggressive tumor that often surrounds an unerupted tooth), calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (rare benign neoplasm that usually occurs in the mandible), odontoma (tumor characterized by production of dental tissues that commonly occurs in young patients), ameloblastic fibroma (benign mixed odontogenic tumor that occurs in children/adolescents), odontogenic myxoma (benign tumor arising from dental papilla mesenchyme), cementoblast
This document discusses different types of odontogenic tumors. It classifies them into three categories: tumors of odontogenic epithelium, mixed odontogenic tumors, and tumors of odontogenic ectomesenchyme. Key tumors discussed include ameloblastoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT), and calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT). Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumor and can be solid/multicystic, unicystic, or peripheral. AOT typically occurs in younger females in the anterior maxilla. CEOT accounts for less than 1% of odontogenic tumors and resembles cells of the enamel organ or dental lamina.
A cyst is an epithelium-lined sac containing fluid or semisolid material. In the formation of a cyst, the epithelial cells first proliferate and later undergo degeneration and liquefaction. The liquefied material exerts equal pressure on the walls of the cyst from within. Cysts grow by expansion and thus displace the adjacent teeth by pressure. May can produce expansion of the cortical bone. On a radiograph, the radiolucency of a cyst is usually bordered by a radiopaque periphery of dense sclerotic bone. The radiolucency may be unilocular or multilocular. Odontogenic cysts are those which arise from the epithelium associated with the development of teeth. The source of epithelium is from the enamel organ, the reduced enamel epithelium, the cell rests of Malassez or the remnants of the dental lamina.
The document discusses odontogenic tumors arising from odontogenic tissues. It defines key terms and provides an overview of the classification of odontogenic tumors. It then focuses on ameloblastoma, the most common odontogenic tumor, describing its pathogenesis, clinical features, subtypes, histopathology, radiographic appearance and treatment. Differential diagnoses are also reviewed.
This document discusses odontomas, which are benign odontogenic tumors composed of dental tissue like enamel, dentin, and pulp. There are two main types: compound odontomas, which appear like small tooth structures, and complex odontomas, which have a disorganized appearance. Odontomas are usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on x-rays during dental exams. On x-rays, they appear as radiopaque masses surrounded by a radiolucent rim. Treatment involves simple surgical removal, with an excellent prognosis and no recurrence.
This document provides an overview of fibro-osseous lesions, which are characterized by the replacement of normal bone by fibrous tissue containing mineralized products. It discusses the definitions, classifications, specific lesions including fibrous dysplasia and cherubism, radiological differential diagnosis, and references various classification systems proposed over time. The classifications discussed include those proposed by Waldron, Malek, Slootweg & Muller, WHO, Brannon & Fowler, Speight & Carlos, and Eversole. Key lesions like fibrous dysplasia, cherubism, ossifying fibroma, cemento-osseous dysplasia are also defined.
This document describes vesiculo-bullous lesions, which present clinically as vesicles or bullae that often rupture early, appearing as ulcerated or erosive areas. Some key points:
- Vesicles are fluid-filled lesions less than 1 cm, while bullae contain fluid and are over 1 cm.
- Causes include trauma, infection, autoimmunity, and genetic factors.
- Examples described include herpes simplex infection, varicella zoster infection, and hand foot and mouth disease. Clinical features, pathogenesis, management are provided for each. Classification is discussed based on acute vs chronic presentation, clinical presentation, and histopathological location.
This document discusses mixed odontogenic tumors and odontogenic sarcomas according to the 2005 WHO classification. It provides details on ameloblastic fibroma, its clinical features, histopathology, radiographic features and differential diagnosis. It also discusses ameloblastic fibro-odontoma and fibro-dentinoma, calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor, complex and compound odontomas, and odontoameloblastoma. The key information provided includes the definitions, epidemiology, clinical and radiographic presentation, histopathology, and differential diagnosis of these odontogenic lesions.
Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary condition that affects the formation of dentin in both primary and permanent teeth. It is classified into two main types - dentinogenesis imperfecta type 1 and type 2. Type 1 is caused by mutations in the DSPP gene and affects only the teeth. Type 2 may be caused by mutations in two tightly linked genes and is characterized by multiple pulp exposures and shell-like teeth. Treatment aims to prevent wear of enamel and dentin through full coverage restorations.
Benign tumors of the jaw were discussed. Key points include:
- Benign tumors are slow-growing, do not metastasize or invade surrounding tissues, and have well-defined borders on radiographs.
- Common benign jaw tumors discussed include ameloblastoma, calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (Pindborg tumor), odontoma, and ameloblastic fibroma.
- Radiographic features help differentiate benign tumors and include location, well-defined or corticated borders, internal structure patterns like septa, and effects on surrounding structures like tooth displacement.
The document discusses different types of cysts that can occur in the oral region, dividing them into odontogenic cysts and non-odontogenic cysts. Odontogenic cysts include radicular, dentigerous, primordial, odontogenic keratocyst, and lateral periodontal cysts. Non-odontogenic cysts include globulomaxillary, nasolabial, median palatal, and nasopalatine canal cysts. Each cyst type is described in terms of etiology, clinical features, radiographic appearance, histology, and treatment.
This document discusses cysts of the oral and maxillofacial region. It defines true cysts as pathological cavities lined by epithelium and containing fluid, and pseudo cysts as cavities not lined by epithelium that may contain fluid. Cysts are classified based on their origin (odontogenic vs non-odontogenic) and location. Diagnosis involves history, clinical examination, radiographic evaluation and sometimes aspiration biopsy or surgical biopsy. Treatment options include enucleation, marsupialization, or a combination depending on the cyst size and location.
This document provides definitions and classifications of radiopaque lesions that can be seen on dental radiographs. It begins with defining normal radiopacity and listing common anatomical radiopacities seen in the jaws. Lesions are then classified as abnormalities of the teeth, developmental conditions affecting bone, inflammatory conditions, and odontogenic/non-odontogenic tumors. Specific conditions like condensing osteitis, periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia, odontomes, and cementoblastoma are described in detail with their typical radiographic features and differences.
The document discusses controversies surrounding odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs). It covers the history and terminology of OKCs, their etiology and pathogenesis, clinical and radiographic features, histopathology, treatment and recurrence rates. There is ongoing debate around whether OKCs should be considered cysts or tumors due to their locally aggressive behavior and high recurrence rates. The document also explores theories on malignant transformation of OKCs and biomarkers that may help predict their biological potential.
A traumatic bone cyst is a lesion that forms within bone, often in the mandible, that lacks an epithelial lining. It is believed to result from trauma that causes a hematoma within the bone that fails to organize, leaving an empty cavity. Teenagers are most commonly affected, presenting with swelling or pain. Radiographs show a well-delineated radiolucent area with scalloped borders between tooth roots. Histopathology finds minimal fibrous tissue without an epithelial component.
This document discusses several diseases and conditions that affect bone in the jaws, including fibrous dysplasia, periapical cemental dysplasia, florid osseous dysplasia, cemento-ossifying fibroma, central giant cell granuloma, aneurysmal bone cyst, cherubism, Paget's disease, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. For each condition, the document describes clinical features, radiographic features including location, periphery, internal structure and effects on surrounding structures. Differential diagnosis and management are also discussed.
This document discusses odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), a type of jaw cyst. It covers the classification, causes, histopathology, clinical features, radiographic features, differential diagnosis, treatment principles, and surgical treatment options for OKCs. OKCs most commonly occur in the mandibular molar and ramus areas and are often radiolucent and multilocular in appearance on radiographs. Treatment options include wide surgical excision or marsupialization to prevent recurrence of these cysts which have a high rate of recurrence compared to other jaw cysts.
This document provides an overview of cysts of the oral and maxillofacial region. It defines cysts and discusses their classification, parts, pathogenesis and mechanisms of enlargement. It also describes key cysts such as dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts and eruption cysts in detail, covering their definitions, locations, clinical and radiographic features, histology, differential diagnosis and complications. Dentigerous and odontogenic keratocysts are the most common epithelial cysts of the jaws.
Jaw bone cysts are fluid-filled cavities lined by epithelium that are commonly found in the jaw. The most common types are radicular (periapical) cysts and dentigerous cysts. Radicular cysts form in response to non-vital teeth and are usually asymptomatic, while dentigerous cysts form by fluid accumulation between the reduced enamel epithelium and an unerupted tooth. Diagnosis involves history, imaging like x-rays, and sometimes biopsy. Treatment options depend on size and include observation, marsupialization, or surgical removal.
Jaw lesion radiology ppt ppt . This powerpoint presentation includes important anatomy, radiographs and important pathology of jaw lesion with its imaging feature as well as its Xray ct mri image. This will help alot. this will help for radiology resident as well as ent resident and event dentist.
This document summarizes several odontogenic tumors including: ameloblastoma (benign, locally aggressive tumor of odontogenic epithelium that commonly occurs in the mandible), adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (uncommon, nonaggressive tumor that often surrounds an unerupted tooth), calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (rare benign neoplasm that usually occurs in the mandible), odontoma (tumor characterized by production of dental tissues that commonly occurs in young patients), ameloblastic fibroma (benign mixed odontogenic tumor that occurs in children/adolescents), odontogenic myxoma (benign tumor arising from dental papilla mesenchyme), cementoblast
This document summarizes and compares various odontogenic connective tissue tumors and lesions. It describes benign tumors including odontogenic fibroma, odontogenic myxoma, and cementoblastoma. It also discusses malignant tumors such as odontogenic carcinoma, sarcomas, and carcinosarcoma. Key details are provided on location, patient demographics, clinical presentation, radiographic appearance, histopathology, and treatment for each tumor type. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of odontogenic connective tissue tumors.
Odontogenic tumors are rare tumors derived from tooth-forming tissues that are found exclusively in the jaw bones. There are three main types - epithelial tumors arising from tooth enamel-forming tissues, mesenchymal tumors from tooth support tissues, and mixed tumors with both components. Ameloblastoma is the most common epithelial tumor, appearing as a slow-growing radiolucent lesion in the molar region of the mandible. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (Pindborg tumor) and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor are also benign epithelial tumors associated with impacted teeth. Odontogenic myxoma is an example of a mesenchymal tumor appearing as an asymptomatic radiolucent lesion.
The document discusses the management of jaw tumors, including diagnosis, treatment planning, and surgical excision principles. Diagnosis involves history, examination, biopsy, and imaging. Treatment planning considers tumor factors like location, size, and histology. Surgical excision modalities range from conservative enucleation to more aggressive resection, depending on the tumor's aggressiveness, location, size, and duration. The goal is to completely remove the tumor while preserving adjacent structures.
Solitary cyst like radiolucencies not contacting teeth/ dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document discusses various odontogenic cysts and tumors that affect the jaw bones. It describes the key features of common odontogenic cysts such as radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, and lateral periodontal cysts. It also summarizes common odontogenic tumors including ameloblastoma, odontoma, ameloblastic fibroma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, odontogenic myxoma, and cementoblastoma. These lesions are uniquely derived from dental tissues and often present as painless jaw swellings that are discovered on radiographs.
This document discusses various imaging techniques and lesions involving the maxilla and mandible. It describes intraoral and extraoral imaging techniques including periapical, panoramic, and cone beam CT. Common cysts discussed include radicular, dentigerous, odontogenic keratocysts, and nasopalatine duct cysts. Characteristics like location, relationship to teeth, borders, and effects on surrounding structures are used to differentiate these lesions on imaging.
This document discusses different types of jaw tumors, including:
1. Epulis tumors, which arise from the gums, with types including congenital epulis, fibrous epulis, and pregnancy epulis.
2. Odontogenic tumors, which arise from tooth-forming tissues, including ameloblastoma, composite odontomas, dentigerous cysts, and odontogenic myxomas.
3. Other jaw tumors discussed include dental/radicular cysts, odontogenic fibromas, and secondary tumors that can extend to the jaw.
This document discusses malignant odontogenic tumors, including odontogenic carcinomas and sarcomas. It provides a classification system for odontogenic tumors including benign and malignant categories. Specific tumor types are described such as primary intraosseous carcinoma, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, odontoma, calcifying odontogenic cyst, and their characteristic features, locations, radiographic appearances, and typical treatments. Radiographic images are also included to illustrate examples of compound odontoma, complex odontoma, and ameloblastic odontoma lesions.
1) Odontogenic tumors are a diverse group of lesions that can be true neoplasms or tumor-like malformations arising from odontogenic tissues.
2) They are commonly classified based on their histopathologic characteristics and tissue of origin into tumors of odontogenic epithelium, mixed odontogenic tumors, and tumors of odontogenic ectomesenchyme.
3) Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumor, appearing radiographically as multilocular radiolucencies, frequently involving the mandible. Surgical resection with tumor-free margins is the standard treatment.
This document discusses the classification and interpretation of radiopaque lesions seen on dental radiographs. It begins by defining radiopacity and describing common anatomical radiopacities seen in the jaws, such as teeth and bone. Lesions are then classified based on whether they affect the teeth or bone. Regarding teeth, it describes abnormalities such as unerupted teeth, odontomes, root remnants, and hypercementosis. Regarding bone, it discusses developmental conditions like tori, inflammatory conditions like sclerosing osteitis, and tumors such as cementoblastoma, osteoma, and osteosarcoma. Superimposed soft tissue calcifications and foreign bodies are also mentioned.
The document discusses various odontogenic cysts and tumors. It provides details on their etiology, clinical presentation, radiographic and microscopic findings, differential diagnosis, and treatment. Some of the cysts and tumors covered include radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, ameloblastoma, calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, and odontogenic myxoma. Cysts and tumors are uniquely derived from dental tissues and their diagnosis involves a thorough dental and radiographic examination.
The document discusses various odontogenic cysts and tumors. It provides details on their etiology, clinical presentation, radiographic and microscopic findings, differential diagnosis, and treatment. Some of the cysts and tumors covered include radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, ameloblastomas, calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors, and odontogenic myxomas. Cysts and tumors are uniquely derived from dental tissues and their diagnosis involves a thorough dental and radiographic examination.
Radiographic Interpretation of Malignant Diseases in the JawsHadi Munib
This document discusses malignant diseases of the jaws, including carcinomas, sarcomas, and metastatic tumors. It describes the clinical signs and symptoms, radiographic features, and characteristics of common malignant tumors that can arise in the oral cavity and jaws, such as squamous cell carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and ameloblastoma. Radiographs are useful in diagnosis and treatment planning by revealing features of tumors like ill-defined borders, destruction of surrounding bone, and effects on nearby structures like teeth. Location, internal structure, and impact on adjacent areas help differentiate malignant from benign lesions.
This document provides a classification and descriptions of various radiolucent lesions according to their diagnostic features. It describes lesions located at the apex of teeth, in the midline of the maxilla, around missing or impacted teeth, and soap bubble-like or multiple radiolucencies. Specific lesions are defined, including their typical locations, appearances on radiographs, effects on surrounding teeth or bone, patient demographics, and recommended treatments.
The document discusses various odontogenic and non-odontogenic tumors seen radiographically, including details on ameloblastoma, CEOT, AOT, odontoma, and central hemangioma among others. Malignant tumors such as osteosarcoma are also covered, describing features such as bone destruction, osteolysis, and the sunray periosteal reaction. Differential diagnoses are provided for many of the lesions based on characteristics such as location, borders, tooth involvement, and expansion or destruction of bone.
Similar to RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF TUMORS OF JAWS (20)
This document discusses carcinogenesis, or the process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. It covers the molecular mechanisms of cancer development, including genetic mutations caused by chemical carcinogens, radiation, viruses, and other factors. The key stages of cancer development are initiation, promotion, and progression. Cancer results from the accumulation of multiple genetic alterations that cause cells to proliferate uncontrollably and evade growth suppression mechanisms. Understanding carcinogenesis can help improve early detection and prevention of cancer.
This document discusses destructive lesions of the palate that can arise from various pathological conditions. It begins by describing the anatomy and histology of the palate. It then examines early and late presentations of palatal perforations and the clinical assessment, diagnosis, and classification of different types. Specific conditions that can cause palatal perforations are explored in depth, including cocaine abuse, syphilis, tuberculosis, leprosy, mucormycosis, actinomycosis, and various other infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic etiologies. The management of many of these conditions is also reviewed. In conclusion, the document emphasizes the importance of a thorough history and laboratory workup to establish an accurate diagnosis for palatal
Differential diagnosis of haziness of maxillary sinusNarmathaN2
Differential diagnosis of haziness of maxillary sinus fromTextbook of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Freny R Karjodkar,3rd edition
Principles and interpretion of oral radiology,white and pharoah
This document discusses various types of pigmentation that can occur in the oral cavity. It begins with an introduction and classification of pigmentation as physiologic, pathologic, exogenous, or endogenous. It then describes several types of focal melanocytic pigmentation including freckles, oral melanotic macules, oral melanoacanthomas, melanocytic nevi, and malignant melanoma. It also discusses various types of multifocal and diffuse pigmentation including physiologic, smoker's melanosis, drug-induced melanosis, melasma, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Finally, it covers exogenous pigmentation sources, heavy metal pigmentation, hemoglobin and iron-associated pigmentation, and melanosis associated with
Fissural cysts arise along lines of fusion between embryonic processes. Nasopalatine duct cysts are the most common non-odontogenic cyst, arising from epithelial remnants of the nasopalatine duct. Median palatal cysts occur in the midline of the hard palate from entrapped epithelium. Dermoid and epidermoid cysts contain skin elements and arise from implantation of epithelium during embryonic development. These cysts are examined clinically and radiographically and often surgically removed.
This document discusses various methods for estimating age from dental evidence in forensics. It outlines methods for estimating age in prenatal, children and adolescent, and adult populations. The most widely used method for children and adolescents is Demirjian's method, which assesses calcification stages of teeth on radiographs to determine a dental age. For adults, common methods examine attrition, periodontitis, secondary dentin, cementum thickness, root resorption, and translucency to estimate age based on changes that correlate with age. Amino acid racemization and carbon-14 levels can also provide age estimates by examining biochemical changes in teeth over time.
This document provides an overview of gene therapy, including its history, mechanisms, and applications in dentistry. Gene therapy involves introducing genetic material into cells to treat or prevent disease. Viruses are commonly used as vectors to deliver therapeutic genes. The document discusses various gene therapy techniques for conditions like oral cancer, pain management, bone regeneration, and salivary gland disorders. It concludes that gene therapy has potential for improving management of oral diseases and quality of life.
Soft tissue calcifications of the oral cavityNarmathaN2
This document discusses various types of soft tissue calcifications that can occur in the oral cavity and neck region. It describes dystrophic calcification, idiopathic calcification, and metastatic calcification. Specific examples of dystrophic calcification discussed include calcified lymph nodes, tonsilloliths, cysticercosis, arterial calcification. Idiopathic calcifications discussed include sialoliths, phleboliths, laryngeal cartilage calcifications, rhinoliths, and antroliths. Metastatic calcifications described include ossification of the styloid ligament and myositis ossificans. For each condition, the causes, clinical features, imaging appearance, differential diagnosis and management are provided
COAGULATION FACTORS AND DENTAL PROCEDURES NarmathaN2
Coagulation factors are proteins in the blood that work together to help form blood clots. Some coagulation factor deficiencies can cause bleeding disorders like hemophilia. For dental procedures in patients with coagulation issues, replacement of deficient factors or use of antifibrinolytic drugs is often needed before, during, and after treatment to reduce bleeding risks. Local anesthetic techniques that minimize trauma are preferred. Proper factor level monitoring and hemostatic support tailored to the specific condition can allow for many routine dental treatments to be completed safely.
This document provides information on the physiology of taste sensation. It begins with an introduction to taste buds and the sense of taste. It then describes the anatomy of the tongue, including the different types of papillae and taste buds. It explains the primary tastes detected, gustatory pathway, and mechanism of taste stimulation and transduction. Finally, it discusses applied physiology such as various taste disorders and their causes, as well as methods for diagnosing taste sensation abnormalities.
The document summarizes the development of the palate and its anomalies. It begins by describing how the face develops from structures around the stomodeum, including the frontonasal process and first pharyngeal arches. It then explains palate development in detail, from the primitive palate formed by the frontonasal process to the definitive palate formed by fusion of the palatine shelves. It classifies palate anomalies and describes cleft lip and cleft palate. It concludes by outlining treatment for cleft palate including surgical management and use of palatal obturators.
This document provides information on dental care during the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses how SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted during dental treatments due to its presence in saliva. It recommends safety precautions for dental clinics like appointments, screening, PPE, and procedures to avoid aerosols. It also provides guidance for patients on when to visit a dentist, taking appointments, and precautions like masks. It summarizes additional oral health issues related to COVID-19 like loss of taste and dry mouth and their management.
Digital radiography has replaced conventional screen-film radiography since the mid-1980s. There are two main types of digital receptors: solid-state detectors like CCD and CMOS sensors, and photostimulable phosphor plates. Solid-state detectors directly convert x-rays to an electrical signal while photostimulable phosphor plates store the x-ray energy and then release it as light during the scanning process. Digital images allow for features like contrast resolution, spatial resolution, latitude, and sensitivity. They can be viewed on screens and printed. Image processing can also enhance digital images.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is described. Key points include:
- MRI was developed in the 1970s and clinically used in the 1980s. It uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate images of the body.
- MRI can be used to assess lesions of the brain, spinal cord, and other soft tissues. It is useful for tumor staging and investigations of the temporomandibular joint.
- Patients with metallic implants cannot undergo MRI due to interactions with the strong magnetic field. The document then describes the basic principles and sequences of MRI. T1-weighted and T2-weighted images provide different types of tissue contrast.
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3. NON ODONTOGENIC TUMORS
Benign tumors of neural origin
• Neurilemmoma
• Neuroma
• Neurofibroma
• Neurofibromatosis
Mesodermal tumors
• Osteoma
• Gardner ’ s Syndrome
• Central Hemangioma
• Arteriovenous Fistula
• Osteoblastoma
• Osteoid Osteoma
• Desmoplastic Fibroma of Bone
4. MALIGNANT TUMORS:
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in Soft Tissue
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma Originating in Bone
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma Originating in a Cyst
• Central Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
• Malignant Ameloblastoma and Ameloblastic Carcinoma
• Metastatic Tumors
• Sarcomas
• Malignancies of the Hematopoietic System
• Multiple Myeloma
• Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
• Burkitt’s lymphoma,Leukemia
5. AMELOBLASTOMA (Adamantinoma,adamantoblastoma,adontomes
embryolastiques and epithelial odontoma)
Location
• Molar - ramus region of the mandible, may extend to the symphyseal area.
• Maxilla - third molar area and extend into maxillary sinus and nasal floor.
Originate in an occlusal position to a developing tooth
Periphery
• Well defined and frequently delineated by a cortical border.
• The border is often curved
• Periphery in the maxilla - ill defined
6.
7. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
• Radiolucent to mixed with the presence of bony septa creating internal
compartments.
• Septa can be straight ,more commonly coarse and curved
• Septa remodelled into curved shapes - honeycomb or soap bubble appearance
• Loculations are larger in posterior mandible and smaller in anterior mandible.
• Desmoplastic variety - irregular sclerotic bone
8. Effects on surrounding structures - cause
• Extensive root resorption
• Tooth displacement
An occlusal radiograph - demonstrate cystlike expansion and thinning of an
adjacent cortical plate leaving a thin “ eggshell ” of bone
Computed tomographic (CT) images reveal regions of perforation of the
expanded cortical plate
9. • Unicystic types of ameloblastoma - extreme expansion of the mandibular
ramus, and often the anterior border of the ramus is no longer visible
12. RECURRENT AMELOBLASTOMA
• Multiple small cyst like structures with very coarse sclerotic cortical margins
• CT imaging - accurately demonstrate the anatomic extent of the tumor
• Detect perforation of the outer cortex and invasion into the surrounding soft
tissues.
• If soft tissue invasion is extensive –
MRI provide superior images of the nature and extent
of the invasion.
15. CALCIFYING EPITHELIAL ODONTOGENIC TUMOR (Pindborg tumor
and ameloblastoma of unusual type with calcification)
Location:
• Mandible > premolar-molar area > unerupted or impacted tooth
• Reveal radiolucent area around the crown of a mature, unerupted tooth.
Periphery:
• Well defined cyst like cortex.
• May be irregular and ill defined.
16. Internal structure:
• Unilocular or multilocular with numerous
scattered, radiopaque foci
• radiopacities close to the crown of the
embedded tooth
• Small, thin, opaque trabeculae may cross the
radiolucency
Effects on surrounding structures.
• May displace a developing tooth or
prevent its eruption.
• Expansion of the jaw with maintenance of
a cortical boundary
17. ODONTOMA
Compound type - anterior maxilla in association with unerupted canine
Complex odontomas - mandibular first and second molar area.
Periphery:
• Well defined and may be smooth or irregular.
• Cortical border, and soft tissue capsule.
18. Internal structure:
• Radiopaque.
• Compound odontomas have a number of toothlike structures or denticles
that look like deformed teeth
• Complex odontomas contain an irregular mass of calcified tissue
19. Dilated odontoma - single calcified structure with
more radiolucent central portion (donut )
Effects on Surrounding Structures:
• Interfere with normal eruption of teeth.
• Associated with impaction, malpositioning, diastema, aplasia, malformation, and
devitalization of adjacent teeth.
• Large complex odontomas - expansion of the jaw with maintenance of the
cortical boundary.
Differential diagnosis:
Cemto-ossifying fibroma
Periapical cemental dysplasia
Dense bone islands
20. KERATOCYSTIC ODONTOGENIC TUMOR
Location
• Posterior body of the mandible
• Epicenter located superior to the inferior alveolar nerve canal
Periphery and shape
• Show evidence of a cortical border
• Smooth round or oval shape
Internal structure
• Radiolucent
• Curved internal septa - multilocular appearance
21. Effects on surrounding structures
• Propensity to grow along the internal aspect of the jaws - minimal expansion
• Upper ramus and coronoid process - considerable expansion occur
• Displace and resorb teeth (lesser degree)
• Inferior alveolar nerve canal - displaced inferiorly
• Invaginate and occupy the entire maxillary antrum.
Radiological types:
• Extraneous
• Collateral
• Developmental
• Envelopmental
24. AMELOBLASTIC FIBROMA (Soft odontoma, soft mixed odontoma, mixed
odontogenic tumor, fibroadamantoblastoma, and granular cell ameloblastic
fibroma)
Location:
• Premolar – molar area of the mandible.
• May involve the ramus and extend forward to
the premolar-molar area.
• Common location - crest of the alveolar process
• A follicular relationship with an unerupted tooth
or in area where tooth failed to develop
25. Periphery: well defined and often corticated
Internal structure:
Unilocular (totally radiolucent) > multilocular with indistinct curved septa
Effects on surrounding structures:
• Large lesion - expansion with an intact cortical plate.
• Teeth may be inhibited from normal eruption or
may be displaced in an apical direction.
Differential diagnosis:
• Small dentigerous cyst
• Ameloblastoma
• Giant cell granulomas
• Odontogenic myxomas
26. AMELOBLASTIC FIBRO-ODONTOMA
Location:
• Posterior aspect of the mandible.
• Epicenter - occlusal to a developing tooth or toward the alveolar crest.
Periphery: well defined and sometimes corticated.
Internal Structure: Mixed, majority - radiolucent.
• Small lesions - appear as enlarged follicles with only one or two small
discrete radiopacities.
27. Differential Diagnosis
Complex and compound odontoma
• Larger lesions have more extensive calcified internal structure
• Round shape with a radiopaque enamel-like margin (doughnut.)
• often an associated impacted tooth is present.
28. ADENOMATOID ODONTOGENIC TUMOUR (Adenoameloblastoma and
ameloblastic adenomatoid tumor)
Location:
• Maxilla > incisor- canine-premolar region > cuspid region
• Have follicular relationship with an impacted tooth
• It does not attach at the cementoenamel junction but surrounds a greater part
of the tooth
Periphery: Well-defined corticated or sclerotic border.
29. Internal structure
• Radiopacities in two thirds of cases.
• May be completely radiolucent,
• May contain faint radiopaque foci
• Show dense clusters of ill-defined radiopacities - like cluster of small pebbles
• Intraoral radiographs - demonstrate calcifications
30. Effects on surrounding structures
• Adjacent teeth are displaced.
• Root resorption is rare.
• Inhibit eruption of an involved tooth.
• Some expansion of the jaw may occur - outer cortex is
maintained.
Differential diagnosis
• Follicular cyst
• OKC
• Calcifying odontogenic cysts
• Ameloblastic fibro odontoma
• CEOT
31. ODONTOGENIC MYXOMA (myxoma, myxofibroma, fibromyxoma)
Location
More common in mandible – premolar and molar areas and rare in ramus and
condyle (non – tooth-bearing areas).
Maxilla - alveolar process in the premolar ,molar regions and zygomatic process.
Periphery
Well defined, have corticated margin but
most often poorly defined (maxilla)
33. Effects on surrounding structures
• Displaces and loosens teeth but rarely causes resorption of teeth.
• Scallops between the roots of adjacent teeth
• Tendency to grow along the involved bone -- large size is achieved -
considerable expansion
34. Additional Imaging - CT and MRI - establishing the intraosseous extent of tumor
The high tissue signal characteristic of this tumor in T2-weighted magnetic
resonance images - useful in establishing tumor extent and the presence of a
recurrent tumor
Differential Diagnosis
• Ameloblastoma
• Central giant cell granuloma
• Central hemangioma
• Osteogenic sarcomas
35. BENIGN CEMENTOBLASTOMA (Cementoblastoma and true cementoma)
Location
more often in mandible - premolar or first molar
Periphery
well-defined radiopacity with a cortical border and a well-defined radiolucent
band just inside the cortical border.
36. Internal structure
• Mixed radiolucent- radiopaque lesions where the majority is radiopaque.
• Amorphous or may have a wheel spoke pattern
Effects on surrounding structures
• External resorption can be seen.
• Cause expansion of the mandible but with an
intact outer cortex.
Differential diagnosis
• Cemental dysplasia
• Periapical sclerosing osteitis
• Dense bone island
• Hypercementosis
37. CENTRAL ODONTOGENIC FIBROMA(Simple odontogenic fibroma and
odontogenic fibroma)
Location -mandible - molar premolar region > maxilla anterior to the first molar.
Periphery - well defined.
Internal structure
Smaller lesions - unilocular
Larger lesions - multilocular pattern.
Internal septa - fine and straight or it may be granular,
Totally radiolucent
38. Effects on surrounding structures
• Expansion with maintenance of a thin cortical boundary or
• Grow along the bone with minimum expansion
• Tooth displacement and root resorption has been reported.
Differential diagnosis
• Desmoplastic fibromas
• Odontogenic myxoma
• Giant cell granuloma
39. NEURILEMMOMA (schwannoma)
Location
• Mandible
• Located within an expanded inferior alveolar
nerve canal posterior to the mental foramen
Periphery
• Well defined and corticated as it expands the cortical walls of the inferior
alveolar canal.
• Small lesions appear cystlike - fusiform in shape as the tumor expands the
canal.
Internal structure
• Uniformly radiolucent.
• Give a false impression of a multilocular pattern.
40. Effects on surrounding structures
• Cause enlargement of the foramen.
• Expansion of the inferior alveolar canal is slow and thus the outer cortex of the
canal is maintained
• Expansion of the canal is usually localized with a definite epicenter
• Cause root resorption
Differential diagnosis
• Hemangioma
• Arteriovenous fistula
41. NEUROMA(Amputation neuroma and traumatic neuroma)
relate to the extent and shape of the proliferating mass of neural tissue.
Location - mental foramen > anterior maxilla > posterior mandible.
Periphery
well-defined, corticated borders , usually forms in the mandibular canal.
Internal Structure - Totally radiolucent.
Effects on Surrounding Structures
expansion of the inferior alveolar nerve canal
Differential Diagnosis
It is not possible to differentiate this lesion from other benign neural
tumors.
42. NEUROFIBROMA (neurinoma)
Location -Occur in the mandibular canal,
in cancellous bone, and below the periosteum.
Periphery
Sharply defined and may be corticated ,
have indistinct margins.
Internal structure
Unilocular but on occasion may have a
multilocular appearance.
Effects on surrounding structures
Fusiform enlargement of the canal
43. NEUROFIBROMATOSIS (von recklinghausen disease) -Alterations in the
shape of the mandible:
• Enlargement of the coronoid notch
• An obtuse angle between the body and the ramus,
• Deformity of the condylar head,
• Lengthening of the condylar neck,
• Lateral bowing and thinning of the ramus
• Enlargement of the mandibular canal ,
mental and mandibular foramina
44. • Increased incidence of branched mandibular canal.
• Erosive changes to the outer contour of the mandible
• Interference with normal eruption of the molars
• Abnormal accumulations of fatty tissue within deformities of the
mandible have been observed in CT
45. OSTEOMA
Location
• Mandible > maxilla > posterior aspect of the mandible (lingual side of the
ramus) or Inferior mandibular border below the molars
• Condylar and coronoid regions.
• May be exophytic, extending outward into adjacent soft tissues
• Paranasal sinuses(frontal sinus)
Periphery - Well-defined borders.
46.
47.
48. Internal structure
Compact bone – radiopaque
Cancellous bone show evidence of internal trabecular structure
Effects on surrounding structures
Large lesions can displace adjacent soft tissues, such as muscles, and cause
dysfunction.
49. GARDNER’S SYNDROME (familial multiple polyposis)
• Occasionally osteomas may not be present,
• Presence of five or more dense bone islands
• Multiple unerupted supernumerary and permanent teeth in both jaws
50. CENTRAL HEMANGIOMA
Location - Mandible - posterior body, ramus and within the inferior alveolar canal.
Periphery - Well defined and corticated, may be ill defined
Sunray like appearance
Internal structure
• Multilocular appearance - honeycomb pattern
• Inferior alveolar canal involvement - serpiginous shape
- multilocular appearance
• Totally radiolucent.
• When hemangioma involves soft tissue –
phlebolith may occur
51. Effects on surrounding structures
• Roots of teeth - often resorbed or displaced
• Mandibular and mental foramen - enlarged.
• Involved bone - enlarged, have coarse internal trabeculae.
• Developing teeth may be larger and erupt earlier
Further diagnostic imaging - conventional angiography and
magnetic resonance angiography.
Differential diagnosis
Osteogenic sarcoma
52. ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA
Location - Ramus and retromolar area ,mandibular canal.
Periphery - well defined and corticated.
Internal Structure
Multilocular appearance - radiolucent.
Effects on Surrounding Structures –
well-defined (cyst like) lesions in the bone.
Changes in the inferior alveolar canal
Additional Imaging - CT with contrast injection and magnetic resonance
angiography
Differential Diagnosis
Multilocular lesions
54. Osteoblastoma(giant osteoid osteoma)
Location - tooth-bearing regions and commonly around the temporomandibular joint
(within the condyle or the temporal bone).
Periphery
• Diffuse or may show some sign of a cortex.
• Soft tissue capsule around the periphery
Internal structure
• Radiolucent
• Calcific material - sunray pattern or fine granular
bone trabeculae.
55. Effects on Surrounding Structures
• Expand bone, but usually a thin outer cortex is maintained.
• Invaginate the maxillary sinus or middle cranial fossa.
Differential Diagnosis
• Osteogenic sarcoma
• Osteoid osteomas
• Cemental dysplasia
56. OSTEOID OSTEOMA
Location
• Cortex of the limb bones
• Body of the mandible
Periphery
well defined by a rim of sclerotic bone
Internal Structure
• young lesions - small ovoid or round radiolucent area (core).
• mature lesions - central radiolucency may have a radiopaque foci
57. Effects on surrounding structures
Stimulate a sclerotic bone reaction and cause thickening of the outer cortex by
stimulating periosteal new bone formation.
Differential diagnosis
Sclerosing osteitis,
Cemento ossifying fibroma,
Beningn cementoblastoma,
Cemental dysplasia
58. DESMOPLASTIC FIBROMA OF BONE (aggressive fibromatosis)
Location
Mandible or maxilla >ramus and posterior mandible.
Periphery
Ill defined and has an invasive characteristic
commonly seen in malignant tumors.
Internal structure
Radiolucent especially when the lesion is small.
Larger lesions - multilocular with very coarse, thick septa- straight or have an
irregular shape
59. • Effects on surrounding structures
• Expand bone and often break through the outer cortex invading the surrounding
soft tissue.
• CT or MRI is required to determine the exact soft tissue extent of the lesion.
61. SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAARISING IN SOFT TISSUE
(Epidermoid carcinoma)
Location
• Lateral border of the tongue
• Lip and floor of the mouth
• Attached gingiva and underlying alveolar bone ,tonsils, soft palate, and buccal
vestibule.
62. Periphery and shape
• Erode into underlying bone from any direction - radiolucency - polymorphous
and irregular in outline.
• Invasion - ill-defined, non corticated border
• Rarely, border appear smooth without a cortex
• If bone involvement is extensive - periphery appears to have fingerlike
extensions
• If pathologic fracture occurs - borders show sharpened thinned bone ends
• Sclerosis seen
63.
64. Internal structure
• Totally radiolucent
• Occasionally small islands of residual normal trabecular bone are visible
Effects on surrounding structures
• Widening of the periodontal ligament space with loss of adjacent lamina dura.
• Teeth may appear to float
• Teeth are grossly displaced from their former position.
• Grow along the inferior neurovascular canal and through the mental foramen -
increase in width and loss of the cortical boundary.
65. • Destruction of adjacent normal cortical boundaries such as the floor of the
nose, maxillary sinus or buccal or lingual mandibular plate
• Posterior aspect of the maxilla may also be effaced.
• Inferior border of the mandible - thinned or destroyed.
• Pathologic fracture may occur.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
• Osteomyelitis
66. Squamous cell carcinoma originating in bone
Location:
Mandible >maxilla >molar region > anterior aspect of the jaws.
Originates only in tooth-bearing parts of the jaw.
Periphery and shape
Ill defined > well defined,rounded or irregular in shape
Internal structure
Radiolucent - very little residual bone left within the center of the lesion.
Small lesions - overlying buccal or lingual plates may cast a shadow that may mimic
the appearance of internal trabecular bone.
67. Effects on surrounding structures
• Destruction of the antral or nasal floors,
• Loss of the cortical outline
• Effacement of the lamina dura.
• Teeth appear to be floating in space.
Differential diagnosis
• Periapical cyst or granulomas
• Odontogenic cysts and tumors
68. SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA ORIGINATING IN A CYST
(Epidermoid cell carcinoma and carcinoma ex odontogenic cyst)
Location
Tooth-bearing portions of the jaws > mandible > anterior maxilla.
Periphery and shape
• Round or ovoid.
• Small lesion – well defined periphery and even corticated.
• Advanced lesion - ill-defined, infiltrative periphery that lacks any cortication.
69. Internal Structure
Radiolucent
Effects on Surrounding Structures
Thinning and destroying the lamina dura of adjacent teeth or adjacent cortical
boundaries - complete destruction of the alveolar process
Differential Diagnosis
• Dental cyst
• Multiple myeloma
• Metastatic disease
70. CENTRAL MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA (mucoepidermoid carcinoma)
Location
• Maxilla = mandible > premolar and molar region > anterior mandible.
• Above the mandibular canal
Periphery and shape
• Unilocular or multilocular expansile mass
• Well defined and well corticated
Internal structure
• Multilocular - soap bubble or honeycomb internal structure
• Separated by thin or thick cortical septa.
71. Effects on surrounding structures
• Expansion of adjacent normal bony walls
• Buccal and lingual cortical plates, inferior border of the mandible, and
alveolar crest are usually intact - may be thinned and grossly displaced.
• Mandibular canal depressed or pushed laterally or medially
• Teeth remain unaffected - although adjacent lamina dura may be lost.
Differential diagnosis
Ameloblastoma and glandular odontogenic cyst
72. MALIGNANT AMELOBLASTOMAAND AMELOBLASTIC CARCINOMA
Location
Mandible > maxilla >premolar and molar region,
Periphery and shape
Well-defined border with cortication, presence of crenations, or scalloping
of the border
Breaching of the cortical boundary
73. Internal structure
Unilocular or multilocular - honeycomb or
soap-bubble pattern
Septa are robust and thick.
Effects on surrounding structures
• Teeth may be moved bodily, root resorption seen
• Bony borders may be effaced or breached
• Erode the lamina dura and displace normal anatomic boundaries
Differential diagnosis
• Benign ameloblastoma,
• Odontogenic keratocyst, odontogenic myxoma, and central mucoepidermoid
tumor
74. METASTATIC TUMORS
Location
Posterior areas of the jaws > mandible > maxilla > maxillary sinus > anterior hard
palate > mandibular condyle
Lesions of the mandible are bilateral
Periphery and shape
Well demarcated or ill-defined invasive margins
polymorphous in shape.
Internal Structure
Radiolucent
Area of patchy sclerosis - new bone formation
75. Effects on surrounding structures
• Periosteal reaction – spiculated pattern
• Effaces the lamina dura
• Increase in the width of the periodontal ligament space
• Cortices of crypt destroyed.
• Teeth may seem to be floating in a soft tissue mass
76. OSTEOSARCOMA (osteogenic sarcoma)
Location
• Mandible > maxilla > posterior mandible ,tooth-bearing region, angle, and
Vertical ramus, alveolar ridge, antrum, and palate.
• Lesion may cross the midline
Periphery and Shape
• ill-defined border
• radiolucent with no peripheral sclerosis or encapsulation.
• sunray spicules or “ hair-on-end ” trabeculae may be seen
• Codman ’ s triangle
77.
78. Internal structure
• Radiolucent, mixed radiolucent-radiopaque, or quite radiopaque.
• The internal osseous structure may take the appearance of granular- or
sclerotic appearing bone, cotton balls, wisps, or honeycombed internal
structures
• Normal trabecular structure of the jaws is lost.
79. Effects on surrounding structures
• Widening of the periodontal membrane
• Antral or nasal wall cortices may be lost in maxillary lesions.
• Mandible - destroy the cortex of neurovascular canal and adjacent lamina dura
neurovascular canal may be symmetrically widened and enlarged.
Differential diagnosis
• Fibrosarcoma or metastatic carcinoma
• Prostate and breast metastases
• Ossifying fibroma
• fibrous dysplasia
• Ewing ’s sarcoma, solitary plasmacytoma, and even osteomyelitis
80. CHONDROSARCOMA(chondrogenic sarcoma)
Location.
• Mandible = maxilla
• Maxillary lesions - anterior region in areas
• Mandibular lesions - coronoid process, condylar head and neck, symphyseal
region.
Periphery and shape
• Round, ovoid, or lobulated
• Well defined and at times corticated
• Sunray or hair-on-end appearance.
• Aggressive lesions - infiltrative, ill-defined, and noncorticated borders.
81. Internal structure
• Mixed radiolucent radiopaque appearance - motheaten bone
• Central radiopaque structure - flocculent implying snowlike features
• Ground-glass – appearing abnormal bone
82. Effects on surrounding structures
• Grossly expand still maintaining its cortical covering
• Lesions of the condyle cause its expansion -remodeling
• Articular fossa and eminence.
• Widened joint space
• Erosion of the articular fossa
• root resorption and tooth displacement may occur
• Widening of the periodontal membrane space.
83. EWING ’ S SARCOMA(endothelial myeloma and round cell sarcoma)
Location
Mandible > maxillar = posterior areas
Periphery and shape Radiolucency that is poorly demarcated and never corticated,
ragged border
Solitary, cause pathologic fracture with adjacent radiographically visible soft tissue
masses
Round or ovoid
84. Internal structure
Radiolucent.
Effects on surrounding structures
Codman ’ s triangle or sunray or hair-on-end spiculation
Adjacent normal structures effaced.
No root resorption,
Although it does destroy the supporting bone of adjacent teeth.
85. FIBROSARCOMA
Location
Mandible >premolar/molar region.
Periphery and Shape
• Ill-defined borders - ragged
• Poorly demarcated, noncorticated, and lack any semblance of a capsule.
• Radiographic border may underestimate the extent of the tumor because
these lesions typically are infiltrative.
• Soft tissue lesions adjacent to bone - saucerlike depression
• Sclerosis may occur
86. Internal structure
Entirely radiolucent
Less aggressive –residual jawbone or reactive osseous bone formation occurs.
Effects on surrounding structures
The most common effect on adjacent structures is destruction
Codman’s triangle or sunray spiculation
Differential diagnosis
• Central malignancies,
• Metastatic carcinoma,
• Multiple myeloma, and primary or secondary intraosseous carcinoma,
• Dental cyst, chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma
87. MULTIPLE MYELOMA (Myeloma, plasma cell myeloma, and plasmacytoma)
Location
• mandible > maxilla - posterior body and ramus
Periphery and Shape
• Well defined but not corticated - “ punched out. ”.
• Untreated or aggressive areas of destruction
may become confluent – multilocularity
• Soft tissue lesions- smooth-bordered soft tissue masses
possibly with bone destruction
88. Internal structure
No internal structure
Occasionally islands of residual bone ,appear radiopaque - rare
Effects on surrounding structures
• Teeth may appear “ too opaque ”
• Loses its cortical boundary in whole or in part
• Mandible - thinning of the lower border of the mandible or endosteal scalloping
• Rarely a sunray appearance
Differential diagnosis
Metastatic carcinoma, osteomyelitis, simple bone cysts, brown tumors of
hyperparathyroidism
89. NON-HODGKIN ’ S LYMPHOMA (malignant lymphoma and lymphosarcoma)
Location
Extranodal
Maxillary sinus, posterior mandible, and maxillary regions.
Periphery and shape
• Destruction of the overlying cortex
• Rounded or multiloculated and lack a defining outer cortex
• Borders - ill defined and invasive.
Internal structure
Entirely radiolucent, reactive bone formation,patchy radiopacity - rare.
90. Effects on surrounding structures
• In maxillary sinus - antral walls may be effaced and a soft tissue mass visible
radiographically
• Destroy cortex of the neurovascular canal.
• Grow in the periodontal ligament space of mature teeth
• Laminated or spiculated bone formation.
• MRI - habit of growing along soft tissue spaces and along the surface of bone.
Differential diagnosis
Multiple myeloma and metastatic carcinoma, ewing ’ s sarcoma ,langerhans
histiocytosis, osteolytic osteosarcoma ,central squamous cell carcinomas
91. BURKITT’S LYMPHOMA
Location
African cases may involve one jaw or both the maxilla and mandible
and affect posterior parts of the jaws
Periphery and Shape
• Multiple ill defined noncorticated radiolucencies
• Expansion breaches its outer cortical limits - balloonlike expansion with
thinning of adjacent structures
Internal Structure
radiolucent
92. Effects on surrounding structures
• Displace the developing tooth bud
• Root development ceases.
• Lamina dura destroyed, and
• Cortical boundaries thinned and later destroyed
• May show sunray spiculation – rare
Differential diagnosis
Metastatic neuroblastoma,Ewing’s tumor,Osteolytic osteosarcoma,
cherubism,non-hodgkin’s lymphoma
93. References:
White and pharoah – 6 th edition
Carter RL : Patterns and mechanisms of spread of squamous carcinomas of
the oral cavity , Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 15 : 185 - 191 , 1990 .
Casiglia J , Woo SB : A comprehensive review of oral cancer , Gen Dent 49 : 72 -
82 , 2001 .
Marchetta FC , Sako K , Murphy JB : The periosteum of the mandible and
intraoral carcinoma , Am J Surg 122 : 711 - 713 , 1971 .
McGregor AD , MacDonald DG : Routes of entry of squamous