The document discusses performance enhancement in sports, highlighting a 1997 survey showing a high willingness among athletes to use banned substances for guaranteed success. It describes various performance enhancers, including anabolic agents, peptide hormones, stimulants, diuretics, and cannabinoids, along with their potential adverse effects. The conclusion warns athletes to consider the risks associated with enhancing performance through doping methods.

1. EXERCISE AND SPORTS PHYSIOLOGYPERFORMANCE ENHANCERS IN SPORTSPresented by:AVIK BASU

2. WHAT IS ‘PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT’ IN SPORTS?3…2…1…

3. IntroductionIn 1997, Sports Illustrated asked 198 aspiring US Olympians, “Would you take a banned performance enhancing substance if you were guaranteed to win and not get caught?” 98% said “YES”

4. Then, when asked, “Would you take the same undetectable substance if it would contribute to winning every competition for 5 years, then result in death?” Over 50% still said “YES!!!”

5. When your best just isn’t good enough…

6. DRUGS USED AS PERFORMANCE ENHANCERSAnabolic AgentsPeptide Hormones and AnaloguesCreatineStimulantsDiureticsCannabinoids

7. ANABOLIC AGENTS AS PERFORMANCE ENHANCERSAnabolic SteroidsTESTOSTERONE PRECURSORSEnhance muscle mass gained from strength training

8. Speed recovery after exerciseNAMES OF SOME ANABOLIC AGENTSAndrostendiolDanazoleNandroloneAndrostenedioneDHTClenbuterol

9. ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ANABOLIC STEROIDSGynaecomastia, Testicular atrophy, Increased libido Irregular menstruation, masculinization, acne Hepatic peliosis, Hepatoma, HCC

10. Adverse lipid profile

11. Premature epiphyseal closure

12. Mood alterations PEPTIDE HORMONES AND ANALOGUES Human Growth Hormone

13. Insulin-like Growth factor

14. ErythropoietinProtein anabolic actionNewly discoveredIncreases PCV

15. CREATINE Regeneration of muscle ATP store

16. Cr + Ph = Cr-Ph; Cr-Ph + ADP + H+ = Cr + ATP Adverse Effects:- (1) Muscle cramps (2) Interstitial nephritis

17. STIMULANTS Increased alertnessIncreased catecholamineIncreased lipolysisCNS stimulationImproved respiratory function Allays fatigue

18. DIURETICSAny diuretic may be used

19. Mechanism of Action:- (1) Body weight reduction (2) Elimination of other doping agents through urine Adverse Effects:- (1) Dehydration (2) Cardiac arrhythmias

20. CANNABINOIDS Raise the pain threshold

21. Adverse Effects:- (1) Lowered psychomotor performance (2) Altered perception

22. METHODS OF DOPINGBlood Doping

23. Gene Doping

24. CARBOHYDRATE LOADINGCONCLUSION…Before you attempt to beat the odds… be sure you could survive the odds beating you

25. THANK YOU!