This document describes a master's dissertation that analyzed pedestrian circulation and performance at a public transport interchange in Lisbon, Portugal called Colégio Militar using microsimulation tools. The study involved collecting data on pedestrian flows, developing a base scenario model of the interchange, analyzing pedestrian levels of service under current and alternative scenarios, and evaluating the impacts of increased demand. The results provide insights into applying microsimulation for interchange analysis and could be expanded in future work.

1. André Filipe Ferreira Ramos
November 27th, 2015
Jury:
President: Prof. Maria do Rosário Maurício Ribeiro Macário
Tutor: Prof. João António de Abreu e Silva
Examiner: Prof. Filipe Manuel Mercier Vilaça e Moura
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations
2014/2015
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM
THE PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION
TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
MSc Dissertation

2. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM THE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations – 2014/2015
METHODOLOGY
DEFINITION
CURRENT
ANALYSES
IMPROVEMENT
CONTENTS
1/20
Public transport interchanges
Microsimulation tools evolution
+
LITERATURE REVIEW1
PEDESTRIAN
MICROSIMULATION2
PERFORMANCE
ANALYSIS
METHODOLOGY
3
4 CASE STUDY
ANALYSIS
MOTIVATION & OBJECTIVES

3. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM THE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations – 2014/2015 2/20
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION
Microscopic Macroscopic
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION MODELS
Social Force Model (Helbing and Molnár, 1995)
INTERCHANGES
Aggregation and redistribution of
pedestrian flows
Improve the operational efficiency of
the transport system

4. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM THE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations – 2014/2015 3/20
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF INTERCHANGES
A B C D E F
Quantitative
performance analyses?
LEVEL OF SERVICE (LOS)
Corridors
Stairways
Waiting areas
Ticket barriers
CAPACITY
(pax/min.)
> “C”
> “D”> “C”
 Pedestrian space (m²/pax)
 Pedestrian density (pax/m²)
 Pedestrian flow (pax/m/min)
 Inter-person space (m)

5. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM THE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations – 2014/2015 4/20
PEDESTRIAN MICROSIMULATION
MICROSIMULATION
Individual behavior of each individual agent
Interaction of all the agents
Accurate and realistic representation
“Social force model”
Simultaneous simulation of
pedestrians and vehicles
High amounts of data
needed
Time consuming
Requires highly accurate
calibration and validation

6. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM THE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations – 2014/2015 5/20
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
Inputs
Methodology
Type of output
Demand
Supply
Infrastructure
Ticketing data, passenger counts, walking
speed, time in ticket booths, …
Arrivals and departures, …
Obstacles, circulation areas, paths, …
Existing
interchanges
Planning of future
interchanges

7. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM THE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations – 2014/2015 6/20
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
Calibration
Validation
Evaluation
Social force model parameters, dynamic
potential parameters, time step duration, …
Flow comparison (GEH), walking time,
passengers in ticket booths and ticket barriers, …
Average LOS
Number of 30-sec
periods with bad LOS
+
Average delay (s)
+

8. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM THE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations – 2014/2015 7/20
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR INTERCHANGE
Subway every 5-12
minutes between 06:30
a.m. and 01:00 a.m. 21 bus lines from
3 operators
 Different types of pedestrians
 Changes in ticketing systems
 New demand generators
Why this interchange?
 9 different accesses to the station

9. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM THE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations – 2014/2015 8/20
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS: DATA COLLECTION

10. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM THE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations – 2014/2015 9/20
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS: DATA COLLECTION
Ticketing data
+ fraud estimation
+ demand evolution
+ ticketing assumptions
Passenger counts
Passenger distribution on
“decision points” (junctions)
Passenger observations
 Walking speed
 Waiting times in
lines
 Time crossing
ticket barriers
 Time in ticket
booths and ATM

11. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM THE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations – 2014/2015
MODELLING
10/20
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS: “BASE SCENARIO” MODEL
Object #
Areas 134
Obstacles 208
Stairs 21
+
Pedestrian Routes
Pedestrian Inputs
PT Stops
PT Lines
 Pedestrian flows
 Walking speed
 Ticket barrier choice
 Visual observation
VALIDATION
CALIBRATION
+
 “Social force model”
 Dynamic potential

12. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM THE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations – 2014/2015 11/20
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS: “BASE SCENARIO” ANALYSIS

13. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM THE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations – 2014/2015
Morning Evening
Circulation
Areas
Waiting
Areas
Worst
LOS
Morning Evening
Circulation
Areas
Waiting
Areas
Average
LOS
12/20
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS: “BASE SCENARIO” ANALYSIS
LOS A
LOS B
LOS C
LOS D
LOS E
LOS F
% of areas by average LOS
… but in the worst moment… % of areas by worst LOS
Morning Evening
?Waiting areas

14. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM THE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations – 2014/2015 13/20
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS: “BASE SCENARIO” ANALYSIS
More than 5 out of
60 periods with
LOS D / E / F
Number of periods
with LOS D / E / F

15. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM THE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations – 2014/2015
Morning Evening
Average LOS
Worst LOS
14/20
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS: SCENARIO A1 ANALYSIS
LOS A
LOS B
LOS C
LOS D
LOS E
LOS F
14 exits
+
8 entrances
12 exits
+
10 entrances
Waiting areas
Morning Evening
Circulation
Areas
Waiting
Areas
Worst
LOS
Base
Scenario

16. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM THE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations – 2014/2015 15/20
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS: SCENARIO A2 ANALYSIS
Video surveillance
Frequent inspections
Ticket
barriers
Morning
Evening

17. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM THE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations – 2014/2015
Morning Evening
Average LOS
Worst LOS
16/20
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS: SCENARIO B ANALYSIS
2 new kiosks in two different corridors
(the ones with worst LOS)
Circulation areas
B areas change to C
C areas remain C

18. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM THE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations – 2014/2015
Creation of routing systems and physical separators
that ensure unidirectional flows
17/20
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS: SCENARIO C ANALYSIS
Morning Evening
Morning Evening
No substantial
gains (maybe due
to detours
required paths)!

19. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM THE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations – 2014/2015 18/20
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS: DEMAND INCREASE (+20%)
2010
2014
-23% +20%
Base Scenario
Scenario A1
Scenario A2
Scenario B
Scenario C
Base Scenario +20%
Several areas with average LOS of D or E and LOS
turns D / E / F more frequently
Scenario A2 +20%
Slight increase in
average delay and
pedestrian densities
Scenario B +20%
LOS remain almost
unchanged with small
periods of LOS D
Scenario C +20%
The average delay
slightly increases and
the physical elements
remain unjustified
Scenario A1 +20%
Some areas get an
average LOS of “D”

20. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM THE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations – 2014/2015 19/20
CONCLUSIONS
Microsimulation 30-second periods analysis Different scenarios
Contribution to the
discussion on the use of
microsimulation models
on interchanges analyses
NEXT STEPS...
• More consistent and systematic approach (regarding to the
consideration of the “time” variable in the performance analysis of the LOS)
• Build a richer database (in order to apply the methodology to other
interchanges)
• Progressively eliminate the microsimulation tools limitations

21. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM THE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations – 2014/2015
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE FROM THE PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION PERSPECTIVE USING MICROSIMULATION TOOLS: THE COLÉGIO MILITAR CASE STUDY
Master Degree in Transport Planning and Operations – 2014/2015 20/20